S. HRG. 111–257 NOMINATION OF HON. SUSAN E. RICE TO BE U.N. REPRESENTATIVE HEARING BEFORETHE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JANUARY 15, 2009 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 54–640 PDF WASHINGTON : 2010 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts, Chairman CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin Republican Leader designee BARBARA BOXER, California BOB CORKER, Tennessee ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho ROBERT P. CASEY, JR., Pennsylvania JIM DEMINT, South Carolina JIM WEBB, Virginia JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi EDWARD E. KAUFMAN, Delaware KIRSTEN E. GILLIBRAND, New York DAVID MCKean, Staff Director KENNETH A. MYERS, JR., Republican Staff Director (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB CONTENTS Page Kerry, Hon. John F., U.S. Senator From Massachusetts ..................................... 1 Lugar, Hon. Richard G., U.S. Senator From Indiana ........................................... 8 Rice, Hon. Susan E., Nominated to be Representative to the United Nations ... 10 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 16 APPENDIX ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Responses to additional questions submitted for the record by members of the committee to Dr. Rice .................................................................................... 51 (III) VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB NOMINATION OF DR. SUSAN E. RICE TO BE U.N. REPRESENTATIVE Thursday, January 15, 2009 UNITED STATES SENATE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:34 a.m., in room SH- 216, Hart Senate Office Building, Hon. John F. Kerry, chairman of the committee, presiding. Present: Senators Kerry, Dodd, Feingold, Boxer, Nelson, Menen- dez, Cardin, Casey, Lugar, Corker, Murkowski, DeMint, Isakson, and Barrasso. Also Present: Senator Shaheen. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN F. KERRY, U.S. SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS The CHAIRMAN. This hearing will come to order, please. We have nine. So we are one Senator shy from a quorum, and while we wait for that one Senator to arrive so that we can do the business portion of the meeting, I know that both of our Senators— we are delighted to welcome you, Senator Collins, Senator Bayh. Thanks for taking time to be here. They both have pressing sched- ules. So what we are going to do is let them make their opening introductions of Dr. Rice initially and then as soon as the Senator is here, we will do the business meeting and then proceed to the other openings and testimony. So Senator Collins, thanks so much for taking time. We are glad you are here. STATEMENT OF HON. SUSAN COLLINS, U.S. SENATOR FROM MAINE Senator COLLINS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman, it is my privilege today to introduce Dr. Susan Rice, the President-elect’s nominee to be the next United States Ambassador to the United Nations. The people of Maine are proud of what this remarkable woman has accomplished in her distin- guished career of service to our Nation, and we take special pride in her strong ties to our State. In order to fully describe Dr. Rice’s accomplishments, first let me describe those ties, for they are the foundation of her character. Her grandparents emigrated from Jamaica to Portland, Maine in the early years of the 20th century. Like so many who have come to our shores, they came with little in their pockets, but with spir- its overflowing with determination. On modest wages, they raised (1) VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB 2 five children, and they believed that education was the key to the American dream. Their four sons all graduated from Maine’s Bowdoin College. Two became physicians, one an optometrist, and one a college president. Their daughter, Dr. Rice’s mother Lois, who is here today, was valedictorian of Portland High School and president of the student body at Radcliff College. She is a former vice president of the college board and a former advisory council chairwoman at the National Science Foundation. She married Em- mett Rice, Dr. Rice’s father, who is also here today, a retired senior vice president at the National Bank of Washington and a former governor of the Federal Reserve. The determination of Dr. Rice’s grandparents to build a brighter future did not end with their own family. They founded a USO cen- ter for blacks in Portland during World War II and were active in the Portland branch of the NAACP. That determination to succeed and to contribute thrives in their granddaughter. Dr. Rice was valedictorian and a three-sport ath- lete at the National Cathedral High School here in Washington. She graduated from Stanford where she was elected as a junior to Phi Beta Kappa and earned both a masters degree and a doctorate in international relations from Oxford University where she was a Rhodes Scholar. After a stint at the global consulting firm, McKinsey & Company, she joined the Clinton administration as a member of the National Security Council staff. Dr. Rice then became the youngest person ever to serve as a regional Assistant Secretary of State, taking on the African Affairs portfolio at a particularly challenging time. While in that position, Dr. Rice played a key role in addressing conflict resolution in Africa, helping to develop a U.S. response to conflicts in the Sudan and the Horn of Africa and working to se- cure enactment of the African Growth and Opportunity Act. She was also the first American official ever to address the Organiza- tion of African Unity summit. After her Government service, Dr. Rice became a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and served as the senior foreign policy advisor to the President-elect during his campaign. Although, of course, I knew of Dr. Rice when she worked at the NSC, I first met her when we were both participants in a series of seminars sponsored by the Aspen Strategy Group. I was so im- pressed with her brilliance and nuanced insight as I listened to her discuss various foreign policy challenges. I knew at that time that she was a real star. Dr. Rice would bring to this position experience, expertise, and enthusiasm that are especially crucial during these difficult times. She has special expertise in the challenges posed by weak and failed states, poverty, and global security threats, particularly in Africa. She is known for being direct, yet always diplomatic. She is not driven by rigid ideology, but rather by firm principles. She has the reputation as a keen, critical thinker who is always learn- ing. Her intellect, experience, and character will serve our Nation well. Mr. Chairman, one of Dr. Rice’s most recent visits to the State of Maine was exactly a year ago when she came to Portland to ad- dress the annual Martin Luther King breakfast. In her eloquent re- VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB 3 marks, she made clear that human rights are not defined by race, ethnicity, or national borders, but rather, are the universal birth right of all mankind. To secure that birth right, she said— and I quote—‘‘we can and we must overcome the divisions of past cen- turies as well as the traumas of the recent past.’’ Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member Lugar, I can think of no better message to convey to the United Nations and no better messenger than Dr. Susan Rice. I am honored to present her to this distin- guished committee, and I enthusiastically endorse her nomination. Thank you. Thanks to all the members of the committee. The CHAIRMAN. Well, thank you very much, Senator Collins. What a wonderful introduction. Remind me that if I am ever in need of an introduction, I want to put in my reservation right now. [Laughter.] The CHAIRMAN. It does not get better than that. And really, you have given great, important background to the committee, and so we really appreciate that. Senator Bayh, I think we will go with yours, just to keep the con- tinuity, and then we will interrupt for the business meeting and start again. Thank you. STATEMENT OF HON. EVAN BAYH, U.S. SENATOR FROM INDIANA Senator BAYH. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member Lugar. Let me just say that in these difficult times for our Nation, we can be reassured that you are providing foreign policy leader- ship to our country. Members of the committee, it is an honor to be before you today. I too have known Dr. Rice for many years and can attest from personal experience that she has the keen intellect, the strong work ethic, and the collegiality to be an outstanding Ambassador to the United Nations. Mr. Chairman, as you know very well, our Nation faces a set of formidable transnational challenges that threaten the security and prosperity of our people in the 21st century: terrorism, radicalism, and extremism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, global climate change, poverty, and disease. These are problems that threaten our people that cannot be solved by our Government alone. The U.N. offers an important vehicle to assert American global leadership through collective action with other nations around the world. President-elect Obama has rightly noted that the United Nations is an imperfect but indispensable institution for advancing Amer- ica’s security. In the 21st century, our goal must be to make the United Nations a more effective mechanism to work with other na- tions to advance our interests in combating common threats. Mr. Chairman, I believe we need an Ambassador to the United Nations with a demonstrated ability to represent our country in the international community in a credible, forthright, and influential manner. Mr. Chairman, I believe Dr. Susan Rice is uniquely quali- fied to do exactly that. Throughout her career in public service, she has served with dis- tinction. Her service includes key roles on the National Security VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB 4 Council as Director for International Organizations and Peace- keeping and Senior Director for African Affairs. In 1997, Dr. Rice became one of the youngest Assistant Secre- taries of State in American history when she was appointed Assist- ant Secretary of State of African Affairs. In this role, she oversaw 43 U.S. embassies, 5,000 employees, and an annual operating budget of $260 million. At a time when the United Nations is in great need of internal reform, Dr. Rice has proven that she is an adept and capable man- ager. She will help the United States strengthen the effectiveness of the United Nations, modernize it, and make it more capable of meeting the challenges of the 21st century. That means imple- menting an agenda of management reform and working to strengthen its program capacities. We are asking the United Nations now to do more than ever to promote global security. Yet, we have not aligned capabilities with the mandates that we have given U.N. missions. Dr. Rice has dem- onstrated the intellectual heft required of this position. As a senior fellow at the Brookings Institute, she has written extensively on multilateral diplomacy and how to deal with the security chal- lenges posed by failed states. She will represent America’s interests on the world stage thoughtfully and vigorously. Mr. Chairman, I have seen her in action, and I am pleased to re- port to the panel today that, if confirmed, she will be a formidable negotiator and a skilled diplomat on our Nation’s behalf. Last February, Dr. Rice and I sat together on a foreign policy panel, the U.S.-Islamic World Forum in Doha. She attended as a representative of candidate Obama, and I represented Senator, then-candidate, Clinton. Dr. Rice offered a spirited defense of America’s prerogatives and a keen understanding of the importance of leveraging buy-in from U.N. member states to tackle global secu- rity challenges. Dr. Rice understands the myriad challenges facing the United States, and she is prepared to work with our allies around the globe to marshal world opinion and spur action to ensure our coun- try’s security. She also carries a currency invaluable in this en- deavor, the ear and full confidence of the next President of the United States. The United States will never ask permission to defend ourselves or our allies. Yet, the last 8 years proved that there is great peril in acting alone in a dangerous world. We do not seek alliances be- cause we are weak, but because acting with our friends and part- ners around the world makes us strong. It is important to use the United Nations as a vehicle to promote peace and stability, the pre- vention and resolution of conflict, and the stabilization of conflict zones once war has ended. It is in our interests to make the United Nations more effective in this regard. President-elect Obama has outlined an ambitious agenda with respect to climate change, nonproliferation, poverty reduction, and strengthening the capacity of weak and failing states. All of these elements can and should be addressed in the U.N., as well as in other contexts. Dr. Susan Rice will strive to make the United Na- tions a more effective mechanism to advance our national security and meet global challenges. VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB 5 I have high confidence, Mr. Chairman, that if confirmed, Dr. Rice can help build new bridges to nations with whom we do not always agree while renewing America’s leadership in the world. Finally and on a note that I think Senator Lugar can relate to well, I understand that back in the day, Dr. Rice was a capable basketball player, which will endure her to the hearts of Hoosiers everywhere. She has proven that she can succeed in some of the most competitive arenas. I am confident she can in the United Na- tions as well. So, Mr. Chairman and Ranking Member Lugar, it is my distinct pleasure to recommend that this committee confirm Dr. Susan Rice as our next Ambassador to the United Nations. The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much, Senator Bayh. We respect your observation about her athletic skill and regret to inform you that born in Portland, she is a Celtics fan. [Laughter.] Senator Bayh: I did not say she was perfect, Mr. Chairman. [Laughter.] Dr. RICE. Just for the record, I was born in Washington, D.C. A Bullets fan. The CHAIRMAN. Born in Washington. There you go. Bullets. We thank both of you for your introductions today. You are both respected voices in the Senate on national security and foreign pol- icy issues. And so these introductions are important to us, and we are very, very grateful to you. We know you have other business, so we will excuse you while we begin quickly the business meeting, and then we will come back to the hearing itself. But thank you for taking time to be here. We appreciate it. Senator COLLINS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. [Whereupon, at 9:49 a.m., the hearing was recessed, to resume at 9:53 a.m.] The CHAIRMAN. Senator Dodd has asked a point of personal privilege. Again, as chairman of the Banking Committee, he is in the middle of major discussions and hearings. So I would like to honor that. Senator Dodd? STATEMENT OF HON. CHRISTOPHER DODD, U.S. SENATOR FROM CONNECTICUT Senator DODD. Mr. Chairman, thank you very much. I’ll be very, very brief. First of all, my apologies to you, Dr. Rice. We are having the con- firmation hearings for the nominee to be the Chairman of the SEC, a Federal Reserve post, and three positions on the Council of Eco- nomic Advisers. So we have a full day in the Banking Committee before us. And we will have plenty of chances, I presume, in the coming days to talk and work together. So I congratulate you on accepting the nomination. I commend the President for suggesting your nomi- nation to us, and we all look forward to working with you. I think the statements of Senator Kerry, as I heard them, Sen- ator Bayh and Senator Collins express the views of all of us about the importance of this role. We know you will do an admirable job at it. So thank you very much. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB 6 The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much, Senator Dodd. It is my pleasure, on behalf of the entire committee in the Sen- ate, to welcome you here, Dr. Rice. We are really pleased to see you here today. And obviously, I can see that some members of your family are here, ranging up and down the generations I see. We would love to have you introduce them, if you would. Can you just share with us quickly who they are? And then I would like to say a few words, and I know Senator Lugar would too. Dr. RICE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I really am very pleased and proud that my family can be here. I would like to introduce my mother, Lois Rice; my father, Emmett Rice; my son Jake; my daughter Maris; and my husband Ian Cameron. They are a won- derful source of joy and support to me, and I could not imagine tak- ing on this responsibility without them. The CHAIRMAN. Well, we are really happy to welcome all of you. I know how proud you are. I listened to all those youngest-ever comments, and Senator Lugar and I were up here feeling grayer and grayer. [Laughter.] The CHAIRMAN. But there is every reason to be enormously proud and we welcome you. As a point of personal privilege, I would like to just say to mem- bers of the committee we are delighted to welcome our old col- league and friend. Senator Tim Wirth is here in his role as Presi- dent of the U.N. Foundation, which is a very important addendum to our efforts here. And we are delighted to welcome you back, Sen- ator. The United States Ambassador to the United Nations is, without question, one of the most important national security and diplo- matic posts in the administration and one from which there is an enormous ability to achieve a great deal. The Obama administra- tion has recognized this by rightfully restoring it to cabinet level, and I believe that President-elect Obama has made an outstanding choice in Dr. Susan Rice. I have had the pleasure of working closely with Dr. Rice over the past years, and I can tell you that she is exceptionally talented, fiercely conscientious, and one of the most dedicated public serv- ants that I have met. She has been a trusted personal advisor, and I have worked with her closely on a special project outside of the Senate, and she is a friend. And I could not be happier than to wel- come her here for confirmation for such a key position. The choice of Dr. Rice for this elevated position is further evi- dence of the Obama’s administration commitment to a renewed diplomatic and multilateral presence on the world stage. The United Nations can play a crucial role in mobilizing the world to meet complex international issues that are critical to our national interests. From Iran’s nuclear program to climate change, to the crisis in Darfur and beyond, we are living in a world where the actions of a single nation are profoundly and increasingly inadequate to meet the challenges that we face. As I and others have said, if there were no United Nations, we would have to invent one. It is in our national and moral interests to cultivate a forum where frozen conflicts can be resolved before they become hot wars, where peace can be forged and protected, VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:28 Jan 28, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 H:\DOCS\RICE.TXT MikeBB PsN: MIKEB