REINWARDTIA Vol. 17. No. 1. pp: 59–66 NOMENCLATURAL STUDY OF TETRASTIGMA LEUCOSTAPHYLUM AND TETRASTIGMA RAFFLESIAE (VITACEAE): TWO COMMON HOSTS OF RAFFLESIA IN SUMATRA Received March 26, 2018; accepted April 30, 2018 YENI RAHAYU, TATIK CHIKMAWATI Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]; Email: [email protected] ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology‒LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. Current address: RT03 RW01, Kp. Cimoboran, Ds. Suka- wening, Dramaga, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT RAHAYU, Y., CHIKMAWATI, T. & WIDJAJA, E. A. 2018. Nomenclatural study of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum and Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Vitaceae): two common hosts of Rafflesia in Sumatra. Reinwardtia 17(1): 59–66. ― A study of Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) conducted in Sumatra has revealed a number of species records. There are two species were misinterpreted. Two species names are here discussed: T. leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. and T. rafflesiae (Miq.) Planch., which formerly united with T. lanceolarium. Key Words: Nomenclature, Rafflesia, Sumatra, Tetrastigma, Vitaceae. ABSTRAK RAHAYU, Y., CHIKMAWATI, T. & WIDJAJA, E. A. 2018. Studi tatanama Terastigma leucostaphylum dan Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Vitaceae): dua tumbuhan inang Rafflesia di Sumatera. Reinwardtia 17(1): 59–66. ― Penelitian Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) di Sumatera telah berhasil mengungkap beberapa catatan jenis. Dua jenis di antaranya salah diinterpretasikan. Kedua nama jenis yang didiskusikan dalam artikel ini adalah: T. leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. dan T. rafflesiae (Miq.) Planch., yang sebelumnya digabungkan ke dalam kelompok jenis T. lanceolarium. Kata kunci: Rafflesia, Sumatera, tatanama, Tetrastigma, Vitaceae. INTRODUCTION Australia (Jackes, 1989). Sumatra may have served as one of the major routes of dispersal of Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. is an important Tetrastigma from Indochina to west Malesia in the genus in the grape family (Vitaceae) which are early Oligocene before it became widely well-known as the exclusive host plants of distributed in east Malesia in the late middle Rafflesia, a genus of holoparasitic species endemic Miocene (Chen et al., 2011b). The latest study to South East Asia which contains the largest found eleven species of Tetrastigma in Sumatra flower of the world. Some species of Tetrastigma (Rahayu, 2017). are also used as traditional medicine to cure The taxonomy of Sumatran Tetrastigma, scabies, treating headaches and fevers in however, has never been systematically revised Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and Philippines and is poorly known. Species delimitation and (Lemmens, 2003). Tetrastigma hemsleyanum nomenclature of several species has been Diels & Gilg ex Gilg is commonly used for controversial, such as T. leucostaphylum (Miq.) treating hepatitis, fever, pneumonia, rheumatism Planch. Tetrastigma leucostaphylum is one of the and a sore throat in China (Liu et al., 2002). species which is found easily in Sumatra. It has Tetrastigma is one of the fourteen genera of the been misinterpreted as a synonym of T. lanceolari- grape family Vitaceae which is characterized by um, since Planchon excluded Tetrastigma from unbranched to digitately branched tendrils, a genus Vitis in 1887. Latiff (2001) combined dioecious sexual system and 4-lobed stigmas in Tetrastigma lanceolarium (Roxb.) Planch. and pistillate flowers (Suessenguth, 1953; Wen, 2007; T. leucostapylum to become T. tuberculatum. He Ren, et al. 2011). proposed T. tuberculatum (Blume) Latiff as the There are 95 species of Tetrastigma in the Old valid name for the common host of Rafflesia spp. World, primarily in the tropics with a few species in Malesia. Then, Veldkamp (2008) proposed the in temperate Asia (Wen, 2007; Chen et al., 2011a; common host of Rafflesia spp. is not T. tubercula- 2011b). Taxonomists recognized twelve species in tum, but T. rafflesiae. However, in 2009 Veldkamp the Malay Peninsula (Latiff, 1983), four species in treated T. lanceolarium, T. leucostaphylum and T. Singapore (Yeo et al., 2012), and five species in rafflesiae as synonymies of T. coriaceum, which is 59 60 REIN WARD TIA [VOL.17 the common host of Raflesia spp. in Malesia. Tetrastigma leucostaphylum can be identified by Recently, this taxon has been known under various leaves having 3-(4)-5 leaflets, rarely with simple names, such as T. lanceolarium (the most leaves, with subcoriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate popular), T. leucostaphylum, T. rafflesiae, and T. leaflets, base acute, 8-10 pairs of secondary veins, coriaceum. This study aimed to clarify the petioles shorter (3–4 cm) than T. rafflesiae, the delimitation of Tetrastigma species based on length of terminal petiolule twice as long as the morphological characters, especially concerning lateral petiolule, and the inflorescence is a the taxonomical confusion of T. leucostaphylum corymbose cymes. Tetrastigma rafflesiae and T. rafflesiae, the two common hosts of characterized by its 3 foliolate, longipetiolate, Rafflesia in Sumatra. coriaceous, glabrous, ovate–elliptic leaflets, base cunneate, 7 pairs of secondary veins, terminal MATERIALS AND METHODS petiolule more than twice length of the lateral petiolule, petiole base swollen, sub-umbellated A morphological study of the genus cyme inflorescence with very short to sessile Tetrastigma in Sumatra was carried out following peduncles. During this study, some specimens conventional methods of herbarium taxonomy (de which were identified as T. lanceolarium or Vogel, 1987; Rifai, 2013). The total number of 59 T. leucostaphylum in the herbarium are confirmed specimens kept at the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) as T. rafflesiae. were thoroughly examined. They were consisted of 33 old specimens kept at the Herbarium The nomenclatural study and species Bogoriense (BO), 23 new specimens collected delimitation during the field work in Sumatra and 3 specimens Dennstedt in 1818 published Cissus collected from the living collections at the Bogor leucostaphyla based on the Rheede’s type speci- Botanical Garden (BBG). The field work men, provided as a figure in Hortus Malabaricus 7 conducted in the western part of Sumatra, along t.8 (Rheede 1688: 15), which was called as Vallia Bukit Barisan Mountain (West Lampung, tsjori valli in Malabaris. Then C. leucostaphyla Bengkulu, Kaju Aro – Kerinci, Bukit Tiga Puluh was treated as basionym of T. leucostaphylum National Park – Riau, Sibolangit to Ketambe, (Dennst.) Alston (Mabberley & Hamilton, 1977). Southeast Aceh. The samples which collected Roxburgh have seen the Rheede’s illustration on from BBG were XVII.F.114.A, XVII.F.72, and Hortus Malabaricus, but he used his own specimen XVII.F.96a. Several type specimens kept at BO (Roxburgh 2429 as water colour painting at K!) as and the images of some others stored at Kew a type specimen of C. lanceolaria. However, Rox- Herbarium (K), Leiden Herbarium (L) and Paris burgh is also mentioned Vallia tsjori valli in his Herbarium (P) were also studied. description (Roxburgh, 1820). Roxburgh believe that Vallia tsjori valli is a synonym of C. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION lanceolaria. Then Planchon (1887) proposed C. lanceolaria to be T. lanceolarium, and using Morphologycal study Roxburgh 2429 as type specimen, without Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. was excluded from mentioning Vallia tjsori valli. genus Vitis by Planchon (1887) based on the key In fact, the type specimens of Cissus leu- species T. lanceolarium (Roxburgh) Planchon. costaphyla (Dennstedt, 1818) and C. lanceolaria However, the name of T. lanceolarium now has (Roxburgh, 1820) are refers to the same Rheede’s changed to T. leucostaphylllum (Dennst.) Alston illustration on Hortus Malabaricus, both name ex Mabb. as its older epithet is Cissus should be synonym. So, it can be concluded that leucostaphyla Dennst. The previous Tetrastigma the correct name of T. lanceolarium is T. leu- lanceolarium are herein designated as two costaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. as was species, namely T. rafflesiae and T. leucostaphy- also mentioned by Shetty & Singh (1988). There- lum. Based on the observation of Tetrastigma in fore, T. lanceolarium is nomen illegitimum based Sumatra, it is found that T. lanceolarium is a syno- on art. 52, when the type has already have a name. nym of T. leucostaphylum, since the last name is The nomenclature confusion between T. lanceo- older than the first one. It is also a different spe- larium and T. leucostaphylum is clearly solved. cies from T. rafflesiae. Details of the characters to Several names have been mentioned by distinguish both species are provided in Table 1. Planchon (1887) as synonym of T. lanceolarium, Those characters are found on the type specimens such as Vitis lanceolaria and V. muricata. Vitis and representative specimens examined. There are lanceolaria Wall. (Wight, 1840) is not supposed to three new characters which have never been be included in the T. lanceolarium group, because reported, namely petiole length, the length ratio of it has sessile rough stigma which is never found in terminal petiolule and lateral petiolule, and the the genus Tetrastigma. This statement is confirmed number of secondary veins. in the illustration no. 28:59 (Wight, 1840), but the illustration no. 177:209 (Wight, 1840) which was 2018] RA HAYU , CHIK AMAW ATI & WIDJ AJA: N omenc latural study o f Tetra stigma leucost aphylu m 61 Table 1. The morphological characters used to distinguish Tetrastigma rafflesiae and T. leucostaphylum. Characters Tetrastigma rafflesiae Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Number of leaflets 3 leaflets 3-(4)-5 leaflets Present of simple leave Simple leave absent Simple leave present (rarely) Petioles Longipetiolate (7–12 cm) Shorter than T. rafflesiae (3–4 cm) Petiolules Terminal petiolule very long, much longer Terminal petiolule shorter, only twice longer than twice the length of lateral ones (3.5‒6 than the lateral ones (2‒3 cm : 0.5‒1.5 cm) cm : 0.5‒1.5 cm) Petiole base Swollen Not swollen Leaf blade Coriaceous Subcoriaceous Leaf shape mostly elliptic lanceolate Leaf base Cuneate Acute Secondary veins at the 7 pairs, prominent 8-10 pairs, smooth terminal leaflets Inflorescences Subumbellate cymes Corymbose cymes Peduncle Very short peduncle to sessile Short peduncle redrawn from Roxburgh 2429 is the real Cissus Subsequently, Veldkamp (2009) retracted his lanceolaria Roxb. Therefore, Vitis lanceolaria statement by submitting a new name, Tetrastigma Wall. is a different species from C. lanceolaria and coriaceum. Since he found the older epithet for T. is not synonym with T. lanceolarium. The name of rafflesiae is Cissus coriacea which was V. lanceolaria has also been applied to another proposed by De Candolle in 1824 collected pro- plant (a homonym). bably by either Riedlé (fide Planchon, 1877: 425) Vitis muricata published by Wight and or Leschenault (fide Gagnepain, 1910: 320) in Walker-Arnott (in Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 1: 128. Timor and more fully described by Decaisne in 1834) also cited in Hort. Malab. 7: 15, t. 8. Where- Troisieme (1834). Veldkamp assumed the correct as Wall. Num. List No. 6015 and Wight's speci- name for the host of Rafflesia spp. must be men no. 432 that Wight and Walker-Arnott (1834) T. coriaceum (DC.) Gagnep. (Veldkamp, 2009). also cited in the protologue of V. muricata are dif- Unfortunately, T. coriaceum is not found in Suma- ferent and require another name. Thus, V. muri- tra during this study. cata is not synonym of C. lanceolaria, and this Tetrastigma rafflesiae is a name based on the name is illegitimate based on art. 53 and 54. type specimen of Korthals from Mt. Melintang, Later, Latiff (2001) proposed the host of Indo- Sumatra (L!), which was proposed as Vitis Malesia Rafflesia should be T. tuberculatum rafflesia by Miquel (1863). This species is truely (Blume) Latiff which formerly called as T. lanceo- different than T. leucostaphylum. We have seen larium. Veldkamp published two papers regarding Korthals specimen which were kept in Leiden, sh. this problematical name of the host of Rafflesia. 897, 348-162 barcode L0013743, sh. 897, 348-163 Veldkamp (2008) argued that the correct name of barcode L0013744 and barcode L0013742. Tetrastigma, which is a common host of Rafflesia Although Veldkamp (2008) explained there is no in Malesia, would be T. rafflesiae Miq., and it is inflorescence on the type specimens kept in neither T. lanceolarium nor T. leucostaphylum. He Leiden, Miquel (1863) has described the also mentioned that the combination name which inflorescence characters which we observed as V. Latiff made (T. tuberculatum) was superfluous. rafflesiae. Thus, Planchon (1887) proposed this Based on our recent observations, T. tuberculatum species as T. rafflesiae. and T. rafflesiae are very distinct. Tetrastigma Based on this study, T. rafflesiae and T. tuberculatum has tuberculate stem, 3-5 foliolate, leucostaphylllum can be treated as two different ovate leaflets, basal leaflets rounded, while T. species. These species are well-known as host of rafflesiae has lenticellate stem (the lenticels are Rafflesia in Sumatra and had been misapplied. The quite prominent, but not tuberculate), trifoliate, re-identification of the Sumatran host ovate–elliptic leaflets, basal leaflets cunneate, and Rafflesia should be carried out again. Chen et al., the base petioles are swollen. (2011a) had listed T. tuberculatum is one of the 62 REIN WARD TIA [VOL.17 host of Rafflesia in Sumatra (the name of T. tuber- the riverside or habitat which has high humidity. culatum was superflous). Recently, people conducted the research of Rafflesia, but did not Distribution. Tetrastigma distributed in provide the qualified pictures for identification of tropical and subtropical Asia, Malesia (about 95 its host species. Therefore, the identification of species), China (24 species), India (16 species) and Tetrastigma as specific host of Rafflesia need Australia (5 species). The main distribution area of further study or re-identify. Tetrastigma in Sumatra is the western part of Bukit Barisan Mountains. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Uses. The obligatory host of Rafflesiaceae, Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. in de Candolle, Orang Utan feeding vines, some species used as Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 320, 423; Suessenguth in medicinal plants. Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. 20d (1953) 318; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr., Fl. Java 2 1. TETRASTIGMA LEUCOSTAPHYLUM (1965) 88; Latiff, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 213– (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. 228. — Type: Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. ex Mabb., Alston in Mabberley & Hamilton, Taxon 26 (1977) 539. Cissus leucostaphyla Habit woody climbers. Polygamodioecious. Dennst., Schlüss. Hort. Malab. (1818) 17, 19, 33. Stems terete, stem surfaces striate and lenticellate, — Type: Vadakkumkoor, 1688, Rheede (a picture old stems sometimes flattened. Tendrils leaf- in Rheede 1688: 15 t.8 as Vallia-tsjori-valli), see opposed, unbranched or digitately branched, stout notes. or slender. Petiolate, short petioles (3–9 cm) or Tetrastigma lanceolarium (Miq.) Planch. in de longipetiolate (up to 12 cm); the length of terminal Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 423. nom. petiolules and lateral petiolules have ratio 3:1, 2:1 illegit. Cissus lanceolaria Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) or 1:1. Stipules paired, caducous. Leaves pal- 430. — Type: Kerala, 1820, Roxburgh 2429 mately or pedately compound, 3 foliolate, 3-5 (CAL; water-colour painting at K!). foliolate, 5 foliolate or 5-11 foliolate, rarely sim- ple; alternate; leaflets chartaceous to coriaceous, Habit large climber. Stems rough, striate, glabrous or sometimes puberulous; margin lenticels prominent, young stems terete, old stems indented, rarely entire. Inflorescence axillary, flattened and tuberculate. Tendrils stout, woody, cymous, pedunculate. Flowers unisexual, usually usually simple. Petioles 3–9 cm long; terminal pubescent, tetramerous; calyx cupulate; corolla petiolules (2–3 cm) twice longer than the lateral cucculate, tipically cream, white or greenish- ones (0.5–1.5 cm). Leaves pedate, 3-(4)-5 white, caducous; pistillate plant has 4-lobed foliolate, rarely simple; leaflets blade subcoria- stigma, ovary cone-shaped, style short, stigma ceous, glabrous; terminal leaflets 13–15 x 4–6 cm, large, ciliolate or nonciliolate, staminodia present; lanceolate to oblong, base acute, apex acuminate, staminate plant has four big anthers, filaments margin serrate; secondary veins 8-10 pairs, veins erect, disc obscure, ovary reduced with stigma inconspicuous/smooth; lateral leaflets lanceolate to entire. Berries globose to ellipsoid, fleshy, light oblong, oblique, base acute to rounded, apex and green or whitish green when young, orange to red margin as in the terminal leaflets. Inflorescence when ripe; seeds 1-4, ovoid, obovoid, ellipsoid or corymbose cyme; peduncles short, up to 4 cm pyriforme; endosperm M-shaped or T-shaped in long, dark brown, corky. Flowers 1.5–2 mm long, cross-section. whole parts pubescent; pedicels 2–4 mm long; 4- lobed calyx; corolla green to whitish green, 4 Habitat and ecology. This genus can be found petals 1.5–2 × 0.75–1 mm; disc restricted to the from 50-2000 m asl. Their habitat is an open area base of ovary; pistillate has ovary cone-shaped, of lowland to the mountain forest, easily found in style short 0.2–0.5 mm long, 4-lobed stigma, large, Key to the Sumatran species of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum group 1.a Short petiole (3–9 cm), terminal petiolule (2–3 cm) twice longer than lateral ones (0.5–1.5 cm), leaflets lanceolate, base acute, secondary veins 8-10 pairs................................... T. leucostaphylum 1.b Long petiole (up to 12 cm), terminal petiolule very long (3.5–6 cm), more longer than twice length of the lateral ones (0.5–1.5 cm), leaflets mostly elliptic, base cunneate, secondary veins 7 pairs .................................................................................................................................T. rafflesiae 2018] RA HAYU , CHIK AMAW ATI & WIDJ AJA: N omenc latural study o f Tetra stigma leucost aphylu m 63 ciliolate; staminate has 4 stamens ca. 1.5 mm long, Ibid, 21 Mar. 1975, W.J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. filaments ca. 0.75–1.5 mm long, big anthers ca. 0.5 de Wilde-Duyfjes 15650 (BO); Ketambe research mm long, oblong. Berries globose ca. 1 cm across, station, Alas River valley, ca. 35 km NW of Kuta- light green or whitish green when young, orange to tjane 3° 40' N 97° 40' E at the primary rain forest red when ripe; seeds 2-4, obovoid; endosperm 300-500 m alt., 12 Jun. 1979, W.J.J.O. de Wilde M-shaped in cross-section. & B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 18111 (BO); Ketambe research station, in the edge forest near Alas River Habitat and ecology. Tetrastigma leucostaphy- valley to Lawe Ketambe, 04 Sep. 2014, Y. Rahayu lum is the most common host of Rafflesia in Suma- 59 (BO, US); Ibid, Y. Rahayu 61 (BO, US); Ibid, tra. This species can be found in several habitat Y. Rahayu 62 (BO, US); Ibid, 05 Sep. 2014, Y. types, from the secondary forests, in the edge of Rahayu 64 (BO, US); Ibid, Y. Rahayu 65 (BO, the primary forest, rocky cliffs, much depleted US); Ibid, Y. Rahayu 66 (BO, US); TNGL near dense forest on limestone rock, riverside, plateau Ketambe, Mawas river, 14 May 1981, W. Meijer forest, until the lowland forest in Sumatra. 15708 (BO); South Atjeh, the lowland forest in or adjacent to the South and South West Parts of Distribution. Indonesia: Java, Sumatra (Fig. 1.). TNGL, foot hill forest in the middle of Alas River Malay Peninsula. India. Nepal. Bhutan. (Lae Sauraya) area, 2° 55' N 97° 57' E, Plateau Bangladesh. forest 50-80 m alt., 25 Jul. 1985, W.J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 20133 (BO); Vernacular name. Daun Jari Lima. Ibid, W.J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 20307 (BO). North Sumatra: Mt. Uses. The leaves used to cure fever in Talang Singgalang 500 m alt., 25 May 1918, H.A.B. Bun- Mamak ethnic, Bukit Tiga Puluh, Riau Province. nemeijer 2746 (BO); Gedong Johore, South of Medan, 04 Feb. 1914, J.A. Lorzing 3534 (BO); Specimens examined. Aceh: Valley of Lau Alas, Simbahe, North of Sibolangit, 12 Apr. 1918, J.A. near tributary of Lau Ketambe, ca. 35 km NW of Lorzing 5630 (BO); Ibid, 07 Apr. 1926, J.A. Kutatjane 200‒400 m alt., 20 May 1972, W.J.J.O. Lorzing 11741 (BO). West Sumatra: Sipora, de Wilde & B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 12207 (BO); Mentawai Island, 17 Oct. 1924, C. Bolden-Kloss Fig. 1. Distribution map of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (▲) and T. rafflesiae ( ) in Sumatra 64 REIN WARD TIA [VOL.17 14643 (BO); Mentawai, 08 Sep. 1924, Iboet 91 The specimen of Roxburgh 2429 also found at (BO); Ibid, 13 Oct. 1924, Iboet 371 (BO); Batu Kerala, which is part of Cochin. island, 28 Oct. 1814, Raap 474 (BO); Ibid, 08 Jan. 1844, Raap 612 (BO); Ibid, 10 Jan. 1896, Raap 2. TETRASTIGMA RAFFLESIAE (Miq.) Planch. 630 (BO); Ibid, 18 Jan. 1897, Raap 648 (BO); Si- Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Miq.) Planch., in de besi island, 22 Apr. 1921, W. Docters van Leeu- Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 443. Vitis wen-Reijnvaan 5074 (BO); C.G.G.J. van Steenis rafflesiae Miq., Ann. Mus Lugd. Bat. 1 (1863) 75. 3277 (BO); Rimba Simarasap, Bukittinggi 800- — Type: West Sumatra, Mt. Melintang, 23 Feb. 1100 m alt., 29 Dec. 1982, Dayar Arbain 108 1981, Korthals s. n., fide Miquel (isotype L!). (BO); Dr. C.D. Duwehand 323 (BO); Barisan range, Muro Kalumpi, Kwantan river near Habit large climber. Stems terete, lenticellate, Sijunjung, Japanese railroad 0° 36' S 100° 59' E, glabrous. Tendrils stout, woody, simple, tendril 03 Mar. 1974, E.F. de Vogel 2789 (BO); arms longer than 20 cm. Petioles 7–12 cm long, Ulugadut, East part of Padang, 06 May 1999, longipetiolate, base of petioles are swollen; Nakano 99018 (BO); Between Indarung and Air petiolules terminal very long (3.5–6 cm) more Sirah, East part of Padang, 12 Jun. 1999, Nakano longer than twice length of the lateral ones (0.5– 99040 (BO); TAHURA Bung Hatta, Padang, West 1.5 cm). Leaves trifoliolate, simple leaves never Sumatra, 11 Aug. 2014, Y. Rahayu 25 (BO, US); found, leaflets blade coriaceous, glabrous; terminal Ibid, Y. Rahayu 27 (BO, US). Riau: Indrapura, 08 leaflets 12–14 × 4–6 cm, oblong to elliptic, base Mar. 1954, A.H.G. Alston 14338 (BO); TNBT, cunneate, apex acuminate, margin serrate; second- Batang Gansal area, along the road to the Papu- ary veins 7 pairs, midrib on the abaxial and adaxial nauan waterfalls, 11 Jul. 2014, Y. Rahayu 01 surfaces are prominent; lateral leaflets ovate to (BO, US); Ibid, Y. Rahayu 04 (BO, US); Ibid, Y. elliptic, base, apex and margin as in the terminal Rahayu 06 (BO); Near Bingkuang lake, Pekanba- leaflets. Inflorescence subumbellate cyme; ru-Bangkinang km.47, Riau, 23 Jul. 2014, Y. Ra- peduncles short, almost sessile. Flowers ca. 2 mm hayu 07 (BO, US). South Sumatra: Baturadja, long, whole parts pubescent; pedicels 1–2 mm South Sumatra, 08 Jul. 1965, H.F. Sun 9968 (BO). long; 4-lobed calyx; corolla 4 petals, 1–1.5 × 0.5– Bengkulu: Bengkulu, along the roadway of 1 mm; disc restricted to the base of ovary; pistil- Kepahiyang, near Bukit Daun, 17 Aug. 2014, Y. late has ovary ovoid, style short (unclear), 4-lobed Rahayu 29 (BO, US); Ibid, Y. Rahayu 30 (BO, stigma, ciliolate, staminodia developed; staminate US). Lampung: Estate Wai Liwa, Lampung, 11 has 4 stamens, filaments up to 1 mm long. Berries Dec. 1921, Iboet 447 (BO); along the roadway of ellipsoid, ca. 0.7–1 cm across, yellowish green Liwa – Krui, Kubu Perahu, West Lampung, 19 when young, red to dark red when ripe; seeds 1-2, Aug. 2014, Y. Rahayu 44 (BO, US); along the ellipsoid; endosperm M-shaped in cross-section. roadway of Liwa – Krui, SW of Kubu Perahu, Balik Bukit district. West Lampung, Ibid, Y. Ra- Habitat and ecology. Generally in the hills and hayu 46 (BO, US); Krakatau island 5 m alt., 19 mountain forest (379-991 m. alt), in the edge of Jan. 1922, W. Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan the primary forest and riverside. 5970 (BO). Culta: Bogor Botanic Garden, XVII.F.96a, 26 Jan. 2015, Y. Rahayu 69 (BO, Distribution. Indonesia: Sumatra (Fig. 1.). US); Bogor Botanic Garden, XVII.F.72, 26 Jan. 2015, Y. Rahayu 72 (BO, US); Bogor Botanic Specimens examined. Aceh: Ketambe, Valley of Garden, XVII.F.114a, 26 Jan. 2015, Y. Rahayu 76 Lau Alas, near tributary of Lau Ketambe ca. 35 km (BO, US). of Kutatjane 200-400 m alt., 31 May 1972, W.J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes Notes. Veldkamp (2008) mentioned T. 12478 (BO); Ketambe, along Guhra river 300-350 leucostaphylum is not found in Malesia, but it is m alt., 10 Jun. 1979, W.J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. found only in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and de Wilde-Duyfjes 18048 (BO); Ibid, 10 Jul. 1979, Nepal. Based on our observation and by looking at W.J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. de Wilde-Duyfjes illustration of type specimens of T. leucostaphy- 18546 (BO); Ketambe research station, In the edge lum (Rheede, 1688: 15 t.8) and T. lanceolarium forest near Alas River valley to Lawe Ketambe, 04 (Roxburgh 2429) are similar, and many specimens Sep. 2014, Y. Rahayu 58 (BO, US); Ibid, Y. Ra- collected from Sumatra resemble to this species, hayu 60 (BO, US). North Sumatra: TWA Sibo- so specimen from Sumatra which is cited under langit, 04 Aug. 2014, Y. Rahayu 16 (BO, US). the specimen examined is T. leucostaphylum. West Sumatra: Boekit Batoe Banting 1000–1100 However, the Rheede’s illustration has not m alt. Agam, West Sumatra, Aug. 1918, E. Jacob- been supplied by brief information about its status son s.n. (BO); Batang Palupuh, West Sumatra, 21 as type specimen. The place of occurrence Aug. 2014, Y. Rahayu 51 (BO, US); Ibid, Y. mentioned is Berkencour, which is now called Rahayu 52 (BO, US); along the road Bukittinggi– Vadakkumkoor, the region south east of Cochin. Medan km. 8, near Batang Palupuh, West 2018] RA HAYU , CHIK AMAW ATI & WIDJ AJA: N omenc latural study o f Tetra stigma leucost aphylu m 65 Sumatra, 21 Aug. 2014, Y. Rahayu 53 (BO, US); 273. Lampung: along the roadway of Liwa–Krui, JACKES, B. R. 1989. Revision of the Australian Kubu Perahu, West Lampung, 19 Aug. 2014, Y. Vitaceae 5: Tetrastigma. Austrobaileya 3: 149– Rahayu 43 (BO, US). 158. LATIFF, A. 1983. Studies in Malesian Vitaceae ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VII: the genus Tetrastigma in Malay Peninsula. The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 36: 213–228. We would like to thank Dr. Jun Wen for her LATIFF, A. 2001. Studies in Malesian Vitaceae advisory and very kind help to the first author XII: taxonomic notes on Cissus, Ampelocissus, during this study. We are very much indebted to Nothocissus, Tetrastigma and other genera. the director and keeper of the Herbarium Bo- Folia Malaysiana 2: 179–189. goriense (BO) for allowing us to conduct the study LEMMENS, R. H. M. J. 2003. Tetrastigma (Miq.) at BO. We are very grateful to the directors and Planchon. In: LEMMENS, R. H. M. J., BUN- keepers of herbaria at P, K, L to use their digitize YAPRAPHATSARA, N. (Eds.) Plant Re- type specimens. We are also grateful to the forest sources of South East Asia. Medicinal and Poi- rangers of Gunung Leuser National Park at sonous Plants. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor. Ketambe Research Station, TWA Sibolangit, Pp. 400–401. Batang Papuluh Conservation Forest, Bukit Tiga LIU, D., JU, J. H., LIN, G., XU, X. D., YANG, J. Puluh National Park, and Bogor Botanic Garden. S. & TU, G. Z. 2002. 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