Mario Slugan is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Fellow at Ghent University,researchingfilmphilosophyandfilmhistory.Heistheauthor ofMontageasPerceptualExperience:BerlinAlexanderplatzfromDöblinto Fassbinder (2017). SeriesEditors: LúciaNagib ProfessorinFilmattheUniversityofReading TiagodeLuca AssociateProfessorinFilm&Television StudiesattheUniversityofWarwick AdvisoryBoard: MartineBeugnet,UniversitéDiderotParis ThomasElsaesser,UniversityofAmsterdam CatherineGrant,BirkbeckUniversity D.N.Rodowick,TheUniversityofChicago ÁgnesPethő,SapientiaUniversity DavidMartin-Jones,UniversityofGlasgow PhilipRosen,BrownUniversity LauraU.Marks,SimonFraserUniversity FilmThinksisanoriginalbookseriesthatasks:howhasfilminfluencedthewaywethink?Thebooks inthisseriesareconcise,engagingeditionswrittenbyexpertsinfilmhistoryandtheory,eachfocusing onapastorpresentphilosopher,thinkerorwriterwhoseintellectuallandscapehasbeenshapedby cinema. Film Thinks aims to further understanding and appreciation, through sophisticated but accessiblelanguage,ofthethoughtderivedfromgreatfilms.Whilstexplainingandinterpretingthese thinkers’ideasandthefilmsattheirorigin,theserieswillcelebratecinema’scapacitytoinspireand entertain–andultimatelytochangetheworld.Aimedatfilmfansaswellasspecialists,FilmThinksis devotedtoknowledgeaboutcinemaandphilosophyasmuchastothepleasureofwatchingfilms. PublishedandforthcomingintheFilmThinksseries: AdornoandFilm:ThinkinginImages ByJamesHellings GeorgesDidi-HubermanandFilm:PoliticsoftheImage ByAlisonSmith NoëlCarrollandFilm:APhilosophyofArtandPopularCulture ByMarioSlugan RolandBarthesandFilm:Photography,MythandLeavingtheCinema ByPatrickFfrench SlavojŽižekandFilm:ACinematicOntology ByChristineEvans StanleyCavellandFilm:ScepticismandSelf-RelianceattheCinema ByCatherineWheatley Queries,ideasandsubmissionsto: SeriesEditor:ProfessorLúciaNagib –[email protected] SeriesEditor:DrTiagodeLuca –[email protected] SeniorCommissioningEditoratBloomsbury:AnnaCoatman–[email protected] Noe¨l Carroll and Film A Philosophy of Art and Popular Culture Mario Slugan Ghent University, Belgium BLOOMSBURYACADEMIC BloomsburyPublishingPlc 50BedfordSquare,London,WC1B3DP,UK 1385Broadway,NewYork,NY10018,USA BLOOMSBURY,BLOOMSBURYACADEMICandtheDianalogoare trademarksofBloomsburyPublishingPlc FirstpublishedinGreatBritain2019 CopyrightqMarioSlugan,2019 MarioSluganhasassertedhisrightundertheCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct,1988,tobeidentifiedasAuthorofthiswork. Coverdesign:CharlotteDaniels Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinany formorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,or anyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpriorpermissioninwriting fromthepublishers. BloomsburyPublishingPlcdoesnothaveanycontrolover,orresponsibilityfor,any third-partywebsitesreferredtoorinthisbook.Allinternetaddressesgiveninthis bookwerecorrectatthetimeofgoingtopress.Theauthorandpublisherregret anyinconveniencecausedifaddresseshavechangedorsiteshaveceasedtoexist, butcanacceptnoresponsibilityforanysuchchanges. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. ISBN: HB: 978-1-788-31229-5 ePDF: 978-1-7867-3540-9 eBook: 978-1-7867-2540-0 Series:FilmThinks TypesetbyOKSPrepressServices,Chennai,India PrintedandboundinGreatBritain For Uuree Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 1 Institutional Context 14 The Relative Lack of Influenceof Carroll’s Work on Film Studies 15 The Institutional Reasons Behind Carroll’sRelative Lackof Influence 20 Carroll’s Work on Ideology 28 Carroll’s Rhetoric 33 2 Film Theory 38 Contra Medium Specificity 39 Against Monolithic Theories 50 Cognitivism asPiecemeal Theorising 55 3 Assessment of Theory 63 Irrelevance 63 Straw Men 68 Methodological Imperialism 79 4 Analyticand Cognitivist Debates 90 Transparency Thesis 90 The Moving Image Definition 101 Implicit Fictional Film Narrators 105 5 Interpretation and Filmmaking 113 Interpretation and Theoretical Commitments 114 WhatIs Interpretation? 123 From Interpretation to Theory 131 Carroll’s Filmmaking 135 vii NoëlCarroll andFilm 6 Philosophy of Art 143 Anti-Essentialism 143 The Philosophies of Arts 155 Affective Responses to Art 161 Conclusion 168 Notes 178 Bibliography 201 Index 212 viii Illustrations Figure 1.1AlexForrest(Glenn Close) attacks Dan Gallagher (MichaelDouglas) in Fatal Attraction.Directed by Adrian Lyne. Produced byParamount Pictures. 32 Figure 2.1Long shotof Walter White’s (Bryan Cranston)pool raises amicro-question (BreakingBad,Season 4, Episode 13). Directedby Vince Gilligan. CreatedbyVinceGilligan.Produced byHighBridge, Gran Via Productions, Sony Picture Television and AMC. 60 Figure 2.2Close-up of the plant answers both micro- and macro- questions,therebyproviding closure (Breaking Bad,Season 4, Episode13). Directed by Vince Gilligan. Createdby Vince Gilligan.Produced byHigh Bridge, Gran Via Productions, Sony Picture Television and AMC. 60 Figure 4.1The houseofmirrors hindersthe protagonists’ability to orientate themselves correctlyin The Lady from Shanghai. Directedby Orson Welles.Produced byColumbiaPictures 94 Figure 4.2Robert Delaunay’s paintingof Igor Stravinsky is an index of thefamous composer becausehe sat for the portrait. Wikimedia Commons. 99 Figure 4.3GeorgeGrantham Bain’s photographof IgorStravinsky is an index of thecomposer, justlike Delauney’s painting. Wikimedia Commons. 100 Figure 5.1Christ isonlyone of the gods revered byhumans (the argument against the existence of God in October). Directedby Sergei Eisenstein. Produced by Sovkino. 115 ix