Nine new species of Scorpiops Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae) from China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan František Kovařík March 2020 — No. 302 Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’ TECHNICAL EDITOR: František Kovařík, ‘[email protected]’ Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio Nominis The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). Euscorpius is located at: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/ Archive of issues 1-270 see also at: http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/Euscorpius (Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA) ICZN COMPLIANCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS: Electronic (“e-only”) publications are fully compliant with ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts) when properly archived and registered. All Euscorpius issues starting from No. 156 (2013) are archived in two electronic archives: • Biotaxa, http://biotaxa.org/Euscorpius (ICZN-approved and ZooBank-enabled) • Marshall Digital Scholar, http://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/. (This website also archives all Euscorpius issues previously published on CD-ROMs.) Between 2000 and 2013, ICZN did not accept online texts as “published work” (Article 9.8). At this time, Euscorpius was produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293) (laser disk) in archive-quality, read-only format. Both versions had the identical date of publication, as well as identical page and figure numbers. Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius in 2001-2012 represent published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts. In September 2012, ICZN Article 8. What constitutes published work, has been amended and allowed for electronic publications, disallowing publication on optical discs. From January 2013, Euscorpius discontinued CD-ROM production; only online electronic version (ISSN 1536-9307) is published. For further details on the new ICZN amendment, see http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3944/. Publication date: 9 March 2020 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6C4BC10A-F418-48E0-8BF8-D33DE4BA62A2 Euscorpius - Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. 2020, No. 302 Nine new species of Scorpiops Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae) from China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan František Kovařík P. O. Box 27, CZ-145 01 Praha 45, Czech Republic; http://www.scorpio.cz http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6C4BC10A-F418-48E0-8BF8-D33DE4BA62A2 Summary Nine new species are described: Scorpiops furai sp. n. (India), S. grosseri sp. n. (India), S. harmsi sp. n. (Nepal), S. hofereki sp. n. (Pakistan), S. kejvali sp. n. (India), S. tryznai sp. n. (India), S. wrzecionkoi sp. n. (China), S. yagmuri sp. n. (Pakistan), and S. zubairi sp. n. (Pakistan), fully complemented with color photographs of preserved specimens. New species are distinguished from all other species of the family Scorpiopidae by combinations of eight major characters: position of pedipalp chelal trichobothrium Eb; number of pedipalp patella ventral trichobothria; shape of pedipalp fingers; number of inner accessory denticles (IAD) of 3 pedipalp movable finger; chela length to width ratio; telson length to depth ratio; total length; and pecten morphology. Also, Scorpiops vonwicki Birula, 1913 stat. n. (India) is elevated to species rank; a new diagnosis of its only known specimen (female holotype) is given, fully illustrated with color photographs; and the fascinating story of its discovery is revealed for the first time. Introduction Family Scorpiopidae Kraepelin, 1905 Genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 The genus Scorpiops was described by Peters (1861: 510) with type (Figures 1–241, Tables 1–3) species Scorpio hardwickii Gervais, 1843. Later, several related genera or subgenera (later elevated to genera) were described, all Scorpiops Peters, 1861: 510; Kraepelin, 1899: 179–182; now placed in the family Scorpiopidae: Parascorpiops Banks, Vachon, 1980: 143–159; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 1928, Dasyscorpiops Vachon, 1974, Alloscorpiops Vachon, 403–452, figs. 1129–1246; Sissom, 1990: 114; Kovařík, 1980, Euscorpiops Vachon, 1980, Neoscorpiops Vachon, 1980, 1998: 142; Lourenço, 1998: 246; Fet, 2000: 491–495; Plethoscorpiops Lourenço, 2017, and Vietscorpiops Lourenço & Kovařík, 2000: 162–198, figs. 1–7, 14–22, 25, 28, 29, Pham, 2015, as well as subgenus Alloscorpiops (Laoscorpiops) 31–72 (in part); Soleglad & Sissom, 2001: 93–97, figs. 3, Lourenço, 2013 (now in synonymy with Alloscorpiops). The 13–14, 86, 96, 101, 114, 147, 159, 183, 202, 220; Qi et al., taxonomic position of these genera is unclear. Validity of generic 2005: 2–14, figs. 1–46; Kovařík, 2009: 27, 32; Kovařík & characters was disputed already by Francke (1976) and Kovařík Ahmed, 2009: 1–10, figs. 1–26. (2000); all these genera require a revision. Type species. Scorpio hardwickii Gervais, 1843. Methods, Material & Abbreviations Diagnosis. Total length 24–75 mm. Inner accessory denticles Nomenclature and measurements follow Stahnke (1971), present on pedipalp chelal fingers. Outer denticles (OD) of Soleglad & Sissom (2001), Kovařík (2009), and Kovařík & pedipalp chelal fingers are present but displaced to outer Ojanguren Affilastro (2013), except for trichobothriotaxy aspect of fingers. Pedipalp chelal finger denticles aligned in (Vachon, 1974). straight row or rows. Pedipalp chela is flat in appearance. Specimen Depositories: FKCP (František Kovařík, private Trichobothrial pattern type C. Two subdistal denticles present collection, Prague, Czech Republic; will in future be merged on cheliceral movable finger dorsal edge. Cheliceral movable with the collections of the National Museum of Natural finger ventral edge either smooth or with crenulations. History, Prague, Czech Republic); ZISP (Zoological Institute, Ventral edge of cheliceral movable finger equipped with 5–7 Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia). (usually 7) denticles. Ventral aspect of cheliceral fixed finger Morphometrics: D, depth; L, length; W, width. smooth, without denticles. Two pedal spurs present on legs. Movable finger dentition: ID, inner denticles; IAD, inner Tarsal spurs on legs absent. Sternum pentagonal in shape. accessory denticles; MD, median denticles; OD, outer denticles. Hemispermatophore lamelliform in shape. Telson without 2 Euscorpius - 2020, No. 302 S. furai sp. n. S. grosseri sp. n. S. harmsi sp. n. S. hofereki sp. n. Dimensions (MM) ♀ holotype ♀ holotype ♀ holotype ♀ holotype Carapace L / W 7.75 / 7.64 8.05 / 7.50 7.71 / 7.68 6.62 / 6.07 Mesosoma L 17.90 21.72 20.12 19.42 Tergite VII L / W 3.08 / 6.69 4.20 / 6.42 3.99 / 6.13 3.06 / 5.03 Metasoma + telson L 26.66 28.80 26.95 22.65 Segment I L / W / D 2.81 / 3.46 / 2.85 3.30 / 2.75 / 2.49 2.72 / 3.17 / 2.70 2.30 / 2.55 / 2.11 Segment II L / W / D 3.20 / 3.06 / 2.87 3.66 / 2.61 / 2.45 3.12 / 2.76 / 2.33 2.80 / 2.15 / 1.91 Segment III L / W / D 3.43 / 2.95 / 2.70 4.10 / 2.37 / 2.38 3.39 / 2.52 / 2.60 2.99 / 1.96 / 1.84 Segment IV L / W / D 3.90 / 2.85 / 2.50 4.15 / 2.37 / 2.17 3.97 / 2.36 / 2.30 3.40 / 1.78 / 1.81 Segment V L / W / D 6.41 / 2.56 / 2.32 6.41 / 2.13 / 2.17 6.53 / 2.09 /2.15 5.48 / 1.74 / 1.65 Telson L / W / D 6.91 / 2.42 / 2.25 7.18 / 2.80 / 2.71 7.22 / 2.32 / 2.18 5.68 / 2.16 / 2.13 Pedipalp L 26.69 26.99 26.99 23.6 Femur L / W 6.29 / 2.64 6.60 / 2.71 6.60 / 2.46 6.00 / 2.25 Patella L / W 6.75 / 2.92 6.64 / 3.08 6.39 / 2.73 5.58 / 2.42 Chela L 13.65 13.75 14.00 12.02 Manus W / D 4.82 / 4.35 5.16 / 3.83 5.00 / 3.70 4.12 / 3.05 Movable finger L 6.96 7.48 6.56 6.67 Total L 52.31 58.57 54.78 48.69 Table 1. Comparative measurements of adults of Scorpiops furai sp. n., S. grosseri sp. n., S. harmsi sp. n. and S. hofereki sp. n. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D). subaculear tubercle. Median eyes and tubercle present. Two or in females, fulcra absent, pectens with two marginal lamellae three pairs of lateral eyes present. Patella of pedipalps usually and a compact middle lamella. Patella of pedipalp with 17 (5 with 16–19 external trichobothria. Ventral surface of manus eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) external and 7 ventral trichobothria. usually bears 4 trichobothria, of which V, if not absent, is Chela of pedipalp with 4 ventral trichobothria located on ventral 4 usually located on ventral aspect of chela. Trichobothrium surface. Fingers of pedipalps straight in female. Chela length to Eb on external surface of chela, usually located between width ratio 2.83 in female. Chelal trichobothrium Eb is located 3 3 trichobothria Db and Dt, along proximo-distal axis of manus. in proximal half of external surface between trichobothria Dt and Db. Pedipalp movable finger with 51–58 IAD, which form Scorpiops furai sp. n. a second row, parallel with MD (ca 60 in number); there are also (Figures 1–22, 240–241, Table 1) 4 ID and 12–13 OD present. Tarsomere II of legs with 4–6 stout http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:75F84D79- median ventral spines in a row and two other parallel spines. 5DF7-4195-9CFD-27B40E6AA91D Telson elongate and sparsely granulate, length to depth ratio 3.07 in females; annular ring indicated. Type locality and type repository. India, Meghalaya State, West Garo Hills District, Tura, 25°30.7’N 90°13.9’E, ca 700 Description (♀♂juv.). Total length 45–52 mm of females, m a. s. l. (Fig. 241); FKCP. adult male unknown. The habitus is shown in Figs. 1–2. For position and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps, see Type material. India, Meghalaya State, West Garo Hills Figs. 3–9. Fingers of pedipalps are straight in females (Fig. 4). District, Tura, 25°30.7’N 90°13.9’E, ca 700 m a. s. l., 5-7 May Coloration (Figs. 1–2). The base color is uniformly reddish 1996, 1♀ (holotype), leg. E. Jendek & O. Šauša; West Garo brown to black, telson and metatarsus of legs reddish brown, Hills, ca 1100 m a. s. l., 9-17 May 1996, l♂juv. (paratype), sternites lighter, reddish brown. Chelicerae are yellowish leg. E. Jendek & O. Šauša; Ri-Bhoi District, Nongpoh env., brown and reticulate, fingers black. 25.9°N, 91.88°E (Fig. 241), 1♀ (paratype), December 2007, Carapace and mesosoma (Figs. 1–2, 13–14). The entire leg. V. Fura, FKCP. carapace is covered with large and minute granules; carinae are absent. The anterior margin of the carapace is markedly Etymology. The species epithet is a patronym honoring depressed, convex in the middle. The carapace bears three Vladimír Fura, the collector of paratype of the new species. lateral eyes. The mesosoma is granulated, with one median carina. Tergite VII is pentacarinate. The sternites are smooth Diagnosis (♀♂juv.). Total length 45–52 mm. Base color to finely granulated with two parallel furrows except sternite uniformly reddish brown to black, telson and metatarsus of VII, which bears four sparsely granulate carina. Pectinal teeth legs reddish brown. Pectinal teeth number 8 in male and 7–8 number 8 in male and 7–8 in females, fulcra are absent. The Kovařík: Nine new species of Scorpiops Peters, 1861 3 Figures 1–2. Scorpiops furai sp. n., female holotype in dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views. Scale bar: 10 mm. pectens have two marginal lamellae and a compact middle and the patella has 5 complete carinae with reduced internal lamella. tubercle. The manus dorsally bears fine, rounded granules, Metasoma and telson (Figs. 19–22). The metasoma is which are in the central area represented by large granules sparsely hirsute and granulated, with sparse, relatively large forming a longitudinal irregular incomplete carina. The granules. Metasomal segment I with 10 carinae, II–IV with 8 external surface of the chela is covered by minute granules carinae, and V with 5 carinae. The median lateral carinae of and bears an almost complete median carina with larger sparse metasoma II and V are indicated by isolated granules that may granules. The movable fingers with 51–58 IAD, which form a coalesce into carinae. The dorsolateral carinae of segments second row, parallel to MD (ca 60 in number). There are also III and IV are granulate with sharp granules, which are not 4 ID and 12–13 OD present. posteriorly terminated with pronounced tooth. The telson is Legs (Figs. 15–18). The tibia and tarsomeres of legs with elongate and granulate, annular ring indicated in females. several setae not arranged into bristlecombs on dorsal surfaces Pedipalps (Figs. 3–12). The pedipalps are very sparsely but with rows of spines on dorsolateral and ventrolateral hirsute. The patella bears 17 (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) surface. Tarsomere II of legs I–IV with 4–6 stout median external trichobothria and 7 ventral trichobothria. The chela ventral spines in a row and two other parallel spines. The bears 4 ventral trichobothria located on the ventral surface. femur bears 3–4 and patella, 4–5 incomplete carinae; both The femur and patella are granulated. The femur has 5 femur and patella are finely granulated. granulose carinae, of which the ventral can be incomplete, Measurements. See Table 1. 4 Euscorpius - 2020, No. 302 Figures 3–12. Scorpiops furai sp. n., female holotype, pedipalp segments. Chela dorsal (3), external (4) and ventral (5) views. Patella dorsal (6), external (7) and ventral (8) views. Femur and trochanter dorsal (9), and ventral (10) views. Movable finger dentition under white light (11) and UV fluorescence (12). Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles. Kovařík: Nine new species of Scorpiops Peters, 1861 5 Figures 13–22. Scorpiops furai sp. n., female holotype. Carapace and tergites I–III (13), posterior coxosternal area and sternites III–IV (14). Left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (15–18 respectively). Telson lateral (19). Metasoma and telson lateral (20), ventral (21), and dorsal (22) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (20–22). 6 Euscorpius - 2020, No. 302 Affinities. The described features distinguish S. furai sp. n. Carapace and mesosoma (Figs. 40–43). The entire from all other species of the genus. The combination of six carapace is covered with large and minute granules; carinae characters (chelal trichobothrium Eb located in proximal half are absent. The anterior margin of the carapace is markedly 3 of external surface between trichobothria Dt and Db; fingers depressed, convex in the middle. The carapace bears three of pedipalps straight in female; pedipalp movable finger with lateral eyes. The mesosoma is granulated, with one median 51–58 IAD; chela length to width ratio 2.8 in female; telson carina. Tergite VII is pentacarinate. The sternites are smooth length to depth ratio 3.07 in female; and patella of pedipalp with two parallel furrows except sternite VII, which bears with 7 ventral trichobothria) is unique in the entire genus four sparsely granulate carinae. Pectinal teeth number 4–5 in Scorpiops. female, fulcra are absent. A pecten forms one compact unit with an incomplete furrow between places for marginal and Distribution. India, Meghalaya State (Fig. 240). middle lamellae. Metasoma and telson (Figs. 25–28). The metasoma is very Scorpiops grosseri sp. n. sparsely hirsute and granulated, with relatively large granules. (Figures 23–48, 240, Table 1) Metasomal segment I with 10 carinae, II–IV with 8 carinae, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A35EF8E9- and V with 5 carinae. The median lateral carinae of metasoma 3C89-4CF7-99C1-4444D41C7C06 V are indicated by isolated granules that may coalesce into carinae. The dorsolateral carinae of segments III and IV Type locality and type repository. India, Himachal granulate with rounded granules, which are not posteriorly Pradesh State, Shimla District, Narkanda, 31.26°N 77.45°E, terminated with a pronounced tooth. The telson is bulbous and 2646 m a. s. l.; FKCP. finely granulate, with annular ring present. Pedipalps (Figs. 29–39). The pedipalps are very sparsely Type material. India, Himachal Pradesh State, Shimla hirsute. The patella bears 17 (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) District, Narkanda, 31.26°N 77.45°E, 2646 m a. s. l., 3-5 May external trichobothria and 7 ventral trichobothria. The chela 2016, 1♀ (holotype), leg. W. Grosser, FKCP. bears 4 ventral trichobothria located on the ventral surface. The femur and patella are granulated. The femur has 5 Etymology. The species epithet is a patronym honoring a granulose carinae and the patella has 5 complete carinae with Czech entomologist Walter Grosser, the collector of types of dorsal and ventral patellar spurs present. The manus dorsally the new species. bears granules, which are in the central area replaced by large granules forming a longitudinal irregular incomplete carina. Diagnosis (♀). Total length 59 mm long. Base color uniformly The external surface of the chela is covered by minute and reddish brown to black, telson and legs yellow to yellowish larger sparse granules, which form another complete median brown. Pectinal teeth number 4–5 in female, fulcra absent; carina. The movable fingers with 34–36 IAD, which form a a pecten forms one compact unit with an incomplete furrow second row, parallel to MD (60–65 in number); there are also between places for marginal and middle lamellae. Patella 4 ID and 8 OD present. of pedipalp with 17 (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) external Legs (Figs. 44–48). The tibia and tarsomeres of legs with and 7 ventral trichobothria. Chela of pedipalp with 4 ventral several setae not arranged into bristlecombs on dorsal surfaces trichobothria located on ventral surface. Chelal trichobothrium but with rows of spines on dorsolateral and ventrolateral Eb is located in proximal half of external surface between 3 surface. Tarsomere II of legs I–IV with 4–6 stout median trichobothria Dt and Db. Fingers of pedipalps flexed in female. ventral spines in a row and two other parallel spines. The Chela length to width ratio 2.66 in female. Pedipalp movable femur bears 3–4 and patella, 4–5 incomplete carinae; both finger with 34–36 IAD, which form a second row, parallel to femur and patella are finely granulated. MD (60–65 in number); there are also 4 ID and 8 OD present. Measurements. See Table 1. Tarsomere II of legs with 4–6 stout median ventral spines in a row and two other parallel spines. Telson bulbous and finely Affinities. The described features distinguish S. grosseri granulate, length to depth ratio 2.65 in female; annular ring sp. n. from all other species of the genus. The combination present. of five characters (chelal trichobothrium Eb located in 3 proximal half of external surface between trichobothria Dt Description (♀). Total length of female holotype 59 mm, male and Db; total length over 50 mm; fingers of pedipalps flexed unknown. The habitus is shown in Figs. 23–24. For position in female; pedipalp movable finger with 34–36 IAD; and and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps see Figs. 29–34 chela length to width ratio 2.6 in female) is unique in the and 36. Fingers of pedipalps are flexed in the female (Fig. 30). entire genus Scorpiops. Coloration (Figs. 23–24). The base color is uniformly reddish brown to black. The telson and legs yellow to yellowish brown. Chelicerae Distribution. India, Himachal Pradesh State (Fig. 240). are reddish black and reticulate. Kovařík: Nine new species of Scorpiops Peters, 1861 7 Figures 23–28. Scorpiops grosseri sp. n., female holotype. Dorsal (23) and ventral (24) views. Telson lateral (25). Metasoma and telson lateral (26), ventral (27), and dorsal (28) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (23–24, 26–28). 8 Euscorpius - 2020, No. 302 Figures 29–39. Scorpiops grosseri sp. n., female holotype, pedipalp segments. Chela dorsal (29), external (30) and ventral (31) views. Patella dorsal (32), external (33) and ventral (34) views. Femur and trochanter dorsal (35), internal (36), and ventral (37) views. Movable finger dentition under white light (38) and UV fluorescence (39). Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles.