Vol.7 newvoices.org.au New Voices in Japanese Studies Volume 7 An interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal showcasing the work of emerging scholars from Australia and New Zealand with research interests in Japan. GUEST EDITOR, VOLUME 7 Dr Shelley Brunt, RMIT University EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD (in alphabetical order) Associate Professor Simon Avenell, Australian National University Associate Professor David Bell, University of Otago Dr Mio Bryce, Macquarie University Professor John Clark, The University of Sydney Professor William Coaldrake MVO, The University of Tokyo Dr Barbara Hartley, University of Tasmania Dr Carol Hayes, Australian National University Dr Peter Hendriks, Australian National University Dr Gary Hickey, The University of Queensland Dr Shunichi Ishihara, Australian National University Dr Kyoko Kawasaki, The University of Western Australia Professor Vera Mackie, University of Wollongong Professor Mark McLelland, University of Wollongong Dr Masafumi Monden, University of Technology, Sydney Professor Tessa Morris-Suzuki, Australian National University Professor Debra Occhi, Miyazaki International College Associate Professor Roy Starrs, University of Otago Dr Rebecca Suter, The University of Sydney Dr Rowena Ward, University of Wollongong Professor Anna Wierzbicka, Australian National University SERIES EDITOR Elicia O’Reilly, The Japan Foundation, Sydney To link to this volume: http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nvjs.07 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT ISSN 2205-3166 Ayusa Koshi, The Japan Foundation, Sydney New Voices in Japanese Studies is PROOFREADING ASSISTANCE an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed Matthew Todd, The Japan Foundation, Sydney journal showcasing the work of emerging scholars from Australia A byll as ubbomarids soifo innsd teop eNnedwe nVot iacceasd ine mJaicp aenxepseer tSst utod imese aerte t hpee eHrE rReDviCew ed and New Zealand with research requirements for refereed journal status. This and other volumes are interests in Japan. available for download via the New Voices in Japanese Studies website and the Directory of Open Access Journals. All articles can be downloaded free at www.newvoices.org.au | www.doaj.org newvoices.org.au The views expressed in this journal are those of the authors, and do © The Japan Foundation, Sydney, 2015 not necessarily coincide with those of the editors, the members of the Editorial Advisory Board or The Japan Foundation, Sydney. Japanese names are written in first name–surname order, in accordance with English-language convention. The long vowel sound in With the exception of images or other Japanese is indicated by a macron (e.g. kotsu), unless in common use material identified as copyright of a third without (e.g. Tokyo). party, this content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- PUBLISHED BY NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 The Japan Foundation, Sydney International Licence. All other rights Level 4, Central Park reserved. Permission requests for usages 28 Broadway, Chippendale NSW 2008 outside those governed by this licence www.jpf.org.au should be directed to the Series Editor at Foreword It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to Volume 7 of New Voices in Japanese Studies, T e Japan Foundation, Sydney’s journal for emerging local scholars. T is volume brings with it a number of changes, as regular readers will no doubt recognise. First, the name of the journal has changed slightly: to the former title of ‘New Voices’, we have added the phrase ‘in Japanese Studies’. Second, with the new name comes a new logo and a new look. T ird, from this volume the journal will be published online only. And f nally, the scope of the journal has been broadened to include work from PhD candidates (recent volumes have been open only to Masters and Honours graduates). I have been delighted to see this journal evolve, and look forward to its continued growth and evolution in future. On behalf of T e Japan Foundation, Sydney, I would like to thank the following people for the time and expertise they have contributed to this volume of New Voices in Japanese Studies: Guest Editor Dr Shelley Brunt (RMIT University), for her outstanding energy, enthusiasm and dedication to this project; the many members of the Editorial Advisory Board for their invaluable feedback to our authors; Designers Jon Zhu and Kevin Vo for the exciting new look and new website respectively; Series Editor Elicia O’Reilly for producing this volume, and for her continued ef orts toward revitalising the journal as a whole; and Japanese Studies Department Manager Ayusa Koshi for her ongoing support of the project. And my f nal and greatest thanks go to our f ve authors (and their academic supervisors), without whom this volume would not exist. T ank you for choosing New Voices in Japanese Studies, and I wish you all the very best for your future academic careers. Nao Endo Director T e Japan Foundation, Sydney June 2015 ii Foreword New Voices in Japanese Studies, Vol. 7, 2015 Contents ii Foreword iv FROM THE EDITORS Shaping a Journal for Emerging Researchers in Japanese Studies: Insights from an Editorial Perspective Shelley Brunt and Elicia O'Reilly 1 Imaging the Rural: Modernity and Agrarianism in Hiroshi Hamaya’s Snow Land Photographs Ross Tunney 21 Sexuality and Space: Tokyo and Karuizawa in Mariko Koike’s Koi Mina Qiao 39 Motivations for Learning Japanese and Additional Languages: A Study of L2 Self-Image across Multiple Languages Toshiyuki Nakamura 59 Re-Fashioning Kimono: How to Make ‘Traditional’ Clothes for Postmodern Japan Jenny Hall 85 A Comparison of English and Japanese Proverbs Using Natural Semantic Metalanguage Miles Neale iii Contents New Voices in Japanese Studies, Vol. 7, 2015 FROM THE EDITORS Shaping a Journal for Emerging Researchers in Japanese Studies: Insights from an Editorial Perspective SHELLEY BRUNT ELICIA O'REILLY RMIT University The Japan Foundation, Sydney ABSTRACT T is article investigates the value of publishing for emerging researchers, using the specialist postgraduate journal New Voices in Japanese Studies as a case study within the Australian and New Zealand context. In doing so, it of ers insight into the aims and editorial processes of New Voices in Japanese Studies and examines the benef ts of publishing during research-degree candidature, drawing on feedback from recent contributing authors to provide an emerging scholar’s perspective. T e article also touches upon the history of the journal, documenting how it has changed over time, and introduces the papers published in the most recent edition, Volume 7. To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nvjs.07.00 KEYWORDS ISSN 2205-3166 New Voices in Japanese Studies is early career publishing; editorial policy; higher degree research; Japan; an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed Japanese studies; journal; postgraduate; publishing; university journal showcasing the work of emerging scholars from Australia and New Zealand with research interests in Japan. All articles can be downloaded free at newvoices.org.au © The Japan Foundation, Sydney, 2015 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. New Voices in Japanese Studies, V o l . 7 , 2 0 1 5 , pp. iv-xix INTRODUCTION T e phrase ‘publish or perish’ has, for a long time, echoed down the halls of universities around the world. In the Australian and New Zealand context, academic staf are well aware of the need to produce quality-assured and peer- reviewed publications as part of the routine requirements of the job. T is pressure extends beyond the avoidance of ‘the perish’ when one has already secured academic employment—it also exists during the postgraduate phase of study and on the job-search circuit once students are classif ed as ‘emerging researchers’ and have their higher-degree qualif cation in hand. Af er all, evidence of a publication record prior to employment demonstrates an active engagement with both an academic discipline and the publishing world. It is also peer-endorsed evidence of writing ability. Furthermore, according to Kamler (2008), “if students publish in their formative years, they are more likely to do so as established academics or informed professionals in their chosen f elds of practice” (292). Following this line of thought, and on the occasion of the landmark seventh volume of this journal, our article asks, ‘What is the value of a postgraduate journal to emerging researchers?’. We look, in particular, at New Voices in Japanese Studies as one of the few specialist postgraduate journals in the Australasian region and as one which has a specif c focus on Japanese Studies. Our perspectives come from our respective experiences: Elicia O’Reilly is the Series Editor of New Voices in Japanese Studies, and Shelley Brunt is both the guest editor for Volume 7 of New Voices in Japanese Studies and the ongoing editor for Perfect Beat: The Asia-Pacific Journal of Research into Contemporary Music and Popular Culture (Equinox). Our article is divided into three parts. It begins with an historical overview of the journal and recent changes which may serve to benef t emerging researchers. It then shif s to a discussion about the value of postgraduate publishing, which is supported by an analysis of qualitative data from a small sample of emerging authors. Lastly, it presents an overview of the authors and their articles written for Volume 7. FROM NEW VOICES TO NEW VOICES IN JAPANESE STUDIES Nearly ten years ago, this journal began as an initiative of its publisher, T e Japan Foundation, Sydney, developed in consultation with Japanese Studies academics at Australian universities to fulf l a need in the local publishing landscape. T e journal started out under the name of New Voices, a simple title which ref ected the original vision of the publication: [to] support the work of early career researchers and postgraduate students in Japanese Studies and related f elds…[,] act as a forum for young researchers to exchange ideas, [and] provid[e] a platform for them to introduce their research interests. (Ueno 2006, iii) Since the inaugural volume was released in 2006, this journal has published 54 articles by as many authors. A number of these authors (such as Elise Foxworth, Christine de Matos, Cristina Rocha and Chikako Nihei) have gone on to establish academic careers. Others have also produced monographs v From the Editors N e w V o i c e s i n Japanese Studies, V o l . 7 , 2 0 1 5 , pp. iv-xix of their postgraduate theses to signif cant acclaim—a recent example being Masafumi Monden and his 2014 book, Japanese Fashion Cultures: Dress and Gender in Contemporary Japan, published by Bloomsbury Academic. As the importance of early-career publication continues to grow for academics, the journal’s vision is as relevant today as when the f rst issue was published. With the aim of keeping in step with the academic and media environments that researchers operate in today, Volume 7 introduces a number of changes to the journal. T e original title—New Voices—succinctly communicated the goal of showcasing the ‘voices’ of emerging researchers. However, it lacked one important element: Japan. Read in a reference list or in online search results, there was no way of discerning from the journal title alone that the key unifying point for the authors was a shared research interest in Japan. With this in mind, the decision was made to update the journal’s title. From Volume 7 onward, the journal will be published as New Voices in Japanese Studies, making clear both its connection to Japan and its commitment to emerging researchers. T e new title will more appropriately represent the journal in reference lists and databases, and promises to make its content more discoverable via online searches. In addition to the new title, we list here thirteen key characteristics that will distinguish New Voices in Japanese Studies going forward. 1. Guest Editors and Editorial Advisory Board Since its inception, the journal has invited local academics from Japanese Studies or related f elds to act as Guest Editor for each volume. Guest editors have traditionally been responsible for providing academic input on submissions and in decision-making, copyediting and proofreading phases; advising authors; and contextualising each volume within contemporary Japanese Studies in an opening introduction. In the spirit of nurturing new talent, the journal selects early- to mid-career academics as guest editors. Guest editors bring expert knowledge of their f eld and the local academic environment, as well as substantial experience in publishing. Importantly, they also still freshly recall their own f rst forays into the publishing world, ensuring empathy for the emerging scholars who are submitting their work for publication, of en for the f rst time. T e journal could not exist without the hard work, dedication and generosity of the guest editors. T e Editorial Advisory Board likewise dif ers for each volume. T e board consists of at least two expert reviewers for each submission, who are selected based on the relevance of their expertise. In keeping with its remit of supporting Japanese Studies in Australia and New Zealand, the journal aims to appoint reviewers from Australia and New Zealand where possible. So far, the journal has been fortunate to welcome one alumnus back as Guest Editor, and other alumni back as Editorial Advisory Board members. It is hoped that, over the coming volumes, the journal will see more contributors return in an editorial capacity to support following generations of up-and-coming scholars. vi From the Editors N e w V o i c e s i n Japanese Studies, V o l . 7 , 2 0 1 5 , pp. iv-xix 2. Peer Reviewed All journal submissions are double-blind peer-reviewed to meet the Australian Department of Education and Training (DET)’s Higher Education Research Data Collection requirements for refereed journal status (DET 2015). In addition, all submissions are reviewed in detail by the academic Guest Editor for each volume and are subject to copyediting and proof ng prior to publication. Increased resources have been devoted to the copyediting and proof ng phases over the two most recent volumes. 3. Interdisciplinary Even though “Japanese Studies” now sits f rmly within the title, it is important to note that the journal remains interdisciplinary. New Voices in Japanese Studies publishes papers from f elds as diverse as sociology, international relations, comparative literature, linguistics, history, photography, fashion and pedagogy, to name a few (see Tables 1 and 2). One of the most exciting aspects of this journal has always been the breadth of its scope, ref ecting the multifaceted nature of the local academic community’s interest in Japan. New Voices in Japanese Studies is keen to nurture this breadth by continuing to publish work from a wide range of f elds. 4. Unthemed T is breadth of content, combined with a narrow window of eligibility for contributors and relatively low frequency of publication, is the reason why the journal’s volumes—with the exception of the inaugural volume—are unthemed. While theming can be helpful for readers, it limits opportunities for submission. Keeping the journal thematically open ensures a more ef ective and accessible platform for emerging scholars, and therefore best aligns with the journal’s mission. 5. Online Only T e previous six volumes of this journal were published both in print and online, and a look back at the layouts shows that the focus at the time was on the print version of the publication. T is resulted in an online presence that adhered more closely to conventions for print. Volume 7 heralds a shif to online-only publication, and to layouts designed specif cally for online use. T is change ref ects the increasingly online nature of academic work and, importantly, library collections: a number of academic libraries had begun to decline hard copies of the journal, which greatly inf uenced the decision to discontinue print editions. A signif cant advantage of the shif away from print is that it allows the time and resources formerly devoted to producing and distributing print copies to be directed to areas that are more likely to increase the value of the journal for contributors and researchers. T ese include building a website that of ers improved access to content; creating a distinctive new visual identity; and indexing on third-party databases. vii From the Editors N e w V o i c e s i n Japanese Studies, V o l . 7 , 2 0 1 5 , pp. iv-xix Table 1: Article Content by Field, Volumes 1 - 7 17% 26% History - 26% Linguistics - 30% Arts - 24% 24% Other - 17% 30% (Source: T e Japan Foundation, Sydney, 2015). Table 2: Article Content by Field, Volumes 1 - 7 (breakdown) Field Sub-field Total Japanese culture 3 Politics 2 Social 3 History Wartime/postwar 4 Cross-cultural 2 14 Educational Linguistics 9 Sociolinguistics 5 Linguistics Translation Studies 2 Other 2 16 Literature 4 Theatre 1 Visual Arts 1 Photography 1 Arts Fashion/Pop Culture 3 Film Studies 2 Musicology 1 13 International Relations 1 Media Studies 1 Indigenous Studies 1 Sociology 3 Other Anthropology 1 Education 1 Law 1 9 Total Articles 54 Note: Interdisciplinary work is listed under the most salient f eld. Categories are indicative only. (Source: T e Japan Foundation, Sydney, 2015). 6. Open Access It is worth noting here that the journal has always been, and continues to be, free to access. New Voices in Japanese Studies is fully funded by T e Japan Foundation, Sydney, and is sustained by the commitment of established scholars in the Australia-New Zealand academic community who generously of er their time and expertise as referees and guest editors. In doing so, they viii add support to the journal’s wider aim of nurturing the next generation of local researchers with a professional interest in Japan. From the Editors N e w V o i c e s i n Japanese Studies, V o l . 7 , 2 0 1 5 , pp. iv-xix T anks to this valuable support, there is no cost to authors for publishing their research in the journal. T is dif erentiates New Voices in Japanese Studies from the increasing number of online academic publications that are moving from a ‘user pays’ subscription-based access system to an ‘author pays’ open access system (see Lawrence 2005). In other words, New Voices in Japanese Studies of ers a rare two-way open-access system. Going forward, in the spirit of furthering open access and ensuring the best possible exposure for contributors’ work, New Voices in Japanese Studies plans to adopt a Creative Commons licensing model from Volume 8. 7. New Logo Arguably the most obvious change to the journal is the new logo and look of the publication. New Voices in Japanese Studies needed a logo that incorporated the new name. At the same time, many other aspects of the journal were also set to change, so it seemed f tting to visually communicate this by transforming the journal’s public face as well. T e inspiration for the new logo is a ‘pen-meets-hanging-scroll’ concept. T is fuses the archetypal pen-and-paper image of university study with a subtle Japanese inf uence, seen in the way that the pencil folds, obi-like, into the signature “NV” graphic (see Figures 1–3). T e overlay of the logo onto komon-style patterns adds a more direct visual association with Japan. T e content of the work published within New Voices in Japanese Studies deepens and sometimes challenges what we know (or think we know) about Japan. Opting for subtlety with graphics was a deliberate ef ort to ref ect this aspect of the content at a visual level. Figures 1–3 (L–R): Examples of the pen-and-paper and Japanese scroll imagery which form the basis of the journal’s new logo. Fig. 1 courtesy Jonathan Kim/Flickr (CC BY-NC 2.0); Fig. 2 courtesy Chris 73/Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). 8. New Layouts T e new article layouts boldly incorporate the new logo to improve the visibility of the journal and help to raise its prof le. Other new features include article cover pages, wide margins for note-taking, and bibliographic information on each page, designed to improve both readability and usability. 9. Japanese Script Another visible change is the incorporation of Japanese script into the papers. In Volumes 1 to 5, the use of Japanese script was limited to examples cited in linguistics and other language-related papers. T is changed in Volume 6, with ix Japanese-language titles appearing in Japanese script as well as in romanised From the Editors N e w V o i c e s i n Japanese Studies, V o l . 7 , 2 0 1 5 , pp. iv-xix