Bull.Br.arachnol.Soc.(2006)13(8),281–292 281 New species and synonymies in the genus owingtothedescriptionofeveryspecimenasaseparate Synagelides Strand in Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 species by the latter author. We have been able to (Araneae: Salticidae) re-examineBohdanowicz’stypesof14species(typesfor two species have not been traced) and found that six of Dmitri V. Logunov them should be synonymised. At the same time, for some species described from single females (e.g. S. ManchesterMuseum, UniversityofManchester, wuermlii, S. wangdicus, etc.) we could not come to a OxfordRoad,Manchester,M139PL certain solution (see below). Thus, the present paper is intended (1) to clarify the taxonomic status and reveal and new synonymies for a number of Synagelides species previously described from the Nepalese Himalayas, and James Hereward (2)todiagnoseand(re)describenineSynagelidesspecies SchoolofBiologicalSciences, from the Oriental Region. UniversityofManchester, Itislikelythatsomeofthespeciestreatedordescribed OxfordRoad,Manchester,M139PL below,e.g.S.palpaloidesorS.sumatranus,couldequally wellbeassignedtothegenusAgoriusThorell,1877.The Summary problem of interrelationships between Agorius and Synagelides needs special attention, as the two genera Taxonomic notes are provided on sixteen Synagelides speciesfromtheOrientalRegion.Amongthese,sevennew may need to be synonymised and, if so, all the species speciesofSynagelidesarediagnosed,figuredanddescribed: names of Synagelides would be transferred to Agorius. S. bagmaticus sp. n. (_\, Nepal), S. darjeelingus sp. n. We have not scrutinised this problem here, as it is (_\,India,WestBengal),S.doisuthepsp.n.(_\,Thailand), outside the scope of the present study and it will be S.kosisp.n.(_\,Nepal),S.kualaensissp.n.(_,Malaysia), S.lehtinenisp.n.(_,India,TamilNadu)andS.sumatranus addressedproperlybyoneofus(DL).Atthispoint,itis sp. n. (_\, Indonesia, Sumatra). Six new synonymies are necessarytonotethatallthenewlydescribedspeciesare established: Synagelides dhaulagiricus Bohdanowicz, 1987 related to those previously placed in Synagelides by (\), S. himalaicus Bohdanowicz, 1987 (_), S. jiricus various authors. Bohdanowicz, 1987 (\), S. thodungus Bohdanowicz, 1987 Specimens for this study were borrowed from or dis- (_) and S. wyszynskii Bohdanowicz, 1987 (_) are syno- tributed among the following museums and personal nymised with Synagelides martensi Bohdanowicz, 1987; S. gorapanicus Bohdanowicz, 1987 (_) is synonymised with collections: BMNH=Department of Entomology, Synagelides oleksiaki Bohdanowicz, 1987. The male of British Natural History Museum, London, UK (Ms J. Synagelides palpaloides Peng, Tso & Li, 2002 is described Beccaloni); MHNG=Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, forthefirsttime. Genève, Switzerland (Dr P. Schwendinger); NHMB= Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland (Dr A. Hänggi); RMNH=National Natural History Museum, Introduction Leiden, The Netherlands (Dr C. L. Deeleman- According to Platnick (2005), the genus Synagelides Reinhold); SMFM=Naturmuseum und Forschungs- StrandinBösenberg&Strand,1906currentlycomprises institutSenckenberg,FrankfurtamMain,Germany(Dr 30validspecies,primarilyfromtheNepaleseHimalayas P. Jäger); ZMUM=Zoological Museum of Moscow and China. More than half of them (18 species) remain University, Moscow, Russia (Dr K. G. Mikhailov); knownfromsinglesexes.Especiallyproblematicarethe ZMTU=Zoological Museum, University of Turku, species described by Bohdanowicz (1978, 1987) from Turku,Finland(DrS.Koponen). Bhutan and Nepal; of the 16 species described by him, Abbreviations used in the text: AME=anterior only four were diagnosed from both sexes. We are of median eye, ap=apical, Mt=metatarsus, PLE= the opinion that the problem arose partly because posterior lateral eye, Tb=tibia, v=ventral. For the leg Bohdanowicz did not even try to consider variation in spinationthesystemadoptedisthatusedbyOno(1988). thecopulatoryorgansofSynagelides,whichisknownto Thesequenceoflegsegmentsinmeasurementdataisas be a universal phenomenon in Salticidae rather than an follows: femur+patella+tibia+metatarsus+tarsus. All exception. He clearly stated (Bohdanowicz, 1987: 67) measurements are in mm. that, concerning Nepal, ‘‘Synagelides appears to be one of those nightmare genera in which every specimen seems to be a separate species and in which, most Survey of species puzzling,wehaveatpresentnoindicationhowtomatch Synagelides bagmaticus sp. n. (Figs. 1–6) sexes.’’ As a result he described some species from specimens of opposite sexes collected from the same Types: Holotype _ (ZMTU) from Nepal, Bagmati, localities, e.g. the _ holotype of S. himalaicus and the \ Shivapuri, Mohanpokhari, 2000m a.s.l., mountain holotype of S. jiricus were collected from the same bush, 14 May 1979, P. T. Lehtinen. Paratypes: 1_ locality in Nepal, Mt. Chordung near Jiri. (ZMTU), together with holotype; 2\ (ZMTU), Nepal, We have no doubt that the species diversity of Bagmati, Phulchoki Mt., 2050m a.s.l., moist stony Synagelides, especially that of the cavalerieri species brook valley, 12 May 1979, P. T. Lehtinen; 5_ 2\ group (sensu Bohdanowicz, 1987), is extremely high in (ZMTU),samelocality,2000ma.s.l.,drylitterofsparse the Himalayas, but it has definitely been overestimated bush, 12 May 1979, P. T. Lehtinen. 282 NewspeciesandsynonymiesinSynagelides Etymology:Namedafterthetypelocality,Bagmatiin light band around anterior lateral surface, light band Nepal. medially, two light spots between; venter yellow-brown, Diagnosis:Thisnewspeciescanbeeasilydistinguished no pattern. Book lung covers, spinnerets and legs from the described Synagelides species by the strong, yellow-brown. Palp orange-brown, structure as in wide and deeply notched posterior cymbial outgrowth Figs. 1–4. (Fig. 3), the absence of visible tibial apophyses (Fig. 4) Female(paratypefromPhulchokiMt.):Carapace1.38 and grooves in the epigyne (Fig. 5), as well as by the long,0.80wide,0.53highatPLE.Ocularfield0.88long, relatively simple structure of the spermathecae, consist- 0.85 wide anteriorly, 0.82 wide posteriorly. Diameter of ing of winding insemination ducts and bean-shaped AME 0.30. Cheliceral length 0.33. Clypeal height 0.05. receptacles (Fig. 6). Abdomen 1.35 long, 0.78 wide. Length of leg segments: Distribution: Nepal: Phulchoki Mt. and Shivapuri. I 0.75+0.53+0.56+0.32+0.32; II 0.60+0.35+0.38+ Description: Male (paratype from Phulchoki Mt.): 0.35+0.25; III 0.63+0.32+0.38+0.48+0.32; IV 0.78+ Carapace1.35long,0.82wide,0.53highatPLE.Ocular 0.43+0.73+0.65+0.33. Leg spination: I: Tb v 2-2-2, field 0.75 long, 0.85 wide anteriorly, 0.78 wide Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration as in male, except abdomen, posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.28. Cheliceral length which has a small chevron behind medial band. 0.35. Clypeal height 0.05. Abdomen 1.25 long, 0.73 Palps yellow-brown. Epigyne and spermathecae as in wide.Lengthoflegsegments:10.93+0.53+0.63+0.38+ Figs. 5, 6. 0.25; II 0.63+0.38+0.38+0.43+0.28; III 0.63+0.25+ 0.45+0.48+0.28; IV 0.95+0.33+0.75+0.63+0.33. Leg Synagelides darjeelingus sp. n. (Figs. 7–11) spination: I: Tb v 2-2-2ap, Mt v 2-2. Coloration: Carapace orange-brown, fovea not visible. Eye field Types:Holotype_(ZMTU)fromIndia,WestBengal, orange-brown, black around eyes. Sternum, maxillae Darjeeling, Manibhanjan, 2100m a.s.l., low bush, and labium orange. Abdomen: dorsum brown, 1 May 1979, P. T. Lehtinen. Paratypes: 1\ (ZMTU), Figs. 1–6: Synagelides bagmaticus sp. n. (paratypes from Nepal, Bagmati, Phulchoki Mt.). 1 Male palp, ventral view; 2 Ditto, mesal view; 3 Cymbium,dorsalview;4Malepalp,retrolateralview;5Epigyne;6Spermathecae,dorsalview.Scalelines=0.1mm. D.V.Logunov&J.Hereward 283 Figs.7–11: Synagelidesdarjeelingussp.n.(_holotypefromIndia,Darjeeling,Manibhanjanand\paratypefromIndia,Darjeeling,Ghoom).7 Malepalp,ventralview;8Cymbium,dorsalview;9Malepalp,retrolateralview;10Epigyne;11Spermathecae,dorsalview.Scale lines=0.1mm. West Bengal, Darjeeling, Bhanjan road, c.4km W of fovea well-marked. Eye field red-brown, black around Ghoom, 2300m a.s.l., cloud forest, 1 May 1979, P. T. eyes.Clypeusred-brown.Sternum,maxillaeandlabium Lehtinen; 3\ (ZMTU), West Bengal, Darjeeling, orange-brown. Abdomen: dorsum brown, white band c.1.5km from Sukhiapokri, 2350m a.s.l., cloud forest aroundanteriorlateralsurface,twolightspotsmedially; with stones, 1 May 1979, P. T. Lehtinen. venter yellow, brown line in centre and two either side. Etymology: Named after the type locality, Darjeeling Book lung covers yellow. Spinnerets light brown. Legs in West Bengal. orange-brown, tibiae dark brown. Palp red-brown, Diagnosis: This species can be easily distinguished structure as in Figs. 7–9. fromallthedescribedSynagelidesspeciesbythestrong, Female (paratype from Sukhiapokri): Carapace 1.53 hook-shaped proximal process of the cymbium (Fig. 8), long,0.93wide,0.75highatPLE.Ocularfield0.88long, and the very thin and inconspicuous embolus hidden 0.93 wide anteriorly, 0.95 wide posteriorly. Diameter of underneath the curved finger-like median apophysis AME 0.33. Cheliceral length 0.35. Clypeal height 0.03. (Fig.7)inmales,aswellasbytheveryshortandlightly Abdomen 1.73 long, 1.18 wide. Length of leg segments: sclerotised insemination ducts and the oval receptacles I 0.98+0.55+0.73+0.45+0.28; II 0.73+0.35+0.48+ in females (Fig. 11). Also, this species seems to display 0.38+0.25; III 0.75+0.23+0.48+0.55+0.28; IV 0.98+ oneofthesimplestconformationsofthefemalecopula- 0.33+0.75+0.70+0.38. Leg spination: I: Tb v 2-2-2, tory organs, comparable only to some Chinese species, Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration as in male, except abdomen: no such as S. huangsangensis Peng et al., 1998 or S. constriction;dorsumbrown,whitebandaroundanterior lushanensis Xie & Yin, 1990 (see Peng et al., 1993: lateral surface, two small lines in chevron shape medi- fig. 815; 1998: fig. 13). ally;venteryellow-brown,withtwolinesofdotsrunning Distribution: India: Darjeeling. from epigyne to spinnerets, brown dot between, two Description: Male (holotype): Carapace 1.48 long, brown lines either side. Palps orange-brown. Epigyne 0.98wide,0.65highatPLE.Ocularfield0.95long,0.98 and spermathecae as in Figs. 10, 11. wide anteriorly, 0.95 wide posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.35. Cheliceral length 0.25. Clypeal height 0.05. Synagelides doisuthep sp. n. (Figs. 12–17) Abdomen 1.43 long, 0.78 wide. Length of leg segments: 1 1.05+0.53+0.73+0.48+0.38; II 0.68+0.35+0.53+ Types:Holotype_(MHNG)fromnorthernThailand, 0.48+0.33; III 0.72+0.25+0.48+0.63+0.35; IV 0.93+ Chiang Mai Province and District, Doi Suthep-Pui 0.38+0.88+0.85+0.38. Leg spination: I: Tb v 2-2-2, National Park, Doi (=Mount) Suthep, evergreen hill Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration: Carapace red-brown, stippled, forest near Pin Pak Pai Waterfall, 1180m a.s.l., pitfall 284 NewspeciesandsynonymiesinSynagelides traps, 28 June–28 July 1986, leg. P. J. Schwendinger. yellow. Leg I: femora, tibiae and metatarsi brown, Paratypes: 1\ (MHNG), together with holotype; 1\ patellae, tarsi and coxae yellow. Remaining legs yellow, (MHNG), same locality, 1180m a.s.l., 28 June–28 July withfemorabrownonanteriorandposteriorsides.Palp 1986, P. Schwendinger. brownish yellow, structure as in Figs. 12–15. Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition Female (paratype from Doi Suthep): Carapace 2.13 taken from the type locality, Doi Suthep in northern long,1.45wide,0.88highatPLE.Ocularfield1.35long, Thailand. 1.48 wide anteriorly, 1.43 wide posteriorly. Diameter of Diagnosis: This species can be easily distinguished AME 0.48. Cheliceral length 0.43. Clypeal height 0.13. from all the known Synagelides species by the peculiar Abdomen 2.88 long, 1.85 wide. Length of leg segments: conformation of the embolar division, in which the I 1.5+1.13+0.93+0.52+0.38; II 1.03+0.48+0.33+ embolus, tegular and median apophyses are extended 0.65+0.33; III 1.03+0.43+0.73+0.88+0.38; IV 1.13+ distally and are subparallel (Figs. 12, 13), and by the 0.53+1.13+1.15+0.52. Leg spination: I: Tb v 0-2-2-2, short, triangular tibial apophysis (Fig. 15) in males, Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration as in male, except abdomen: and by the (cid:1)-shaped epigynal grooves, the rather dorsum light brown, no constriction, brownish chevron short insemination ducts and the narrow, elongated medially, two bold spots anteriorly; venter light brown, receptacles in females (Figs. 16, 17). withtwofaintlinesrunningfrombooklungstospinner- Distribution: Thailand, Doi Suthep. ets.Legswithdarkbrownishbandonprolateralsurface, Description: Male (holotype): Carapace 2.20 long, palps yellow-brown. Epigyne and spermathecae as in 1.40wide,0.88highatPLE.Ocularfield1.45long,1.50 Figs. 16, 17. wide anteriorly, 1.48 wide posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.53. Cheliceral length 0.55. Clypeal height 0.05. Synagelides gosainkundicus Bohdanowicz, 1987 (Fig. 19) Abdomen 2.20 long, 1.30 wide. Length of leg segments: I 1.58+1.30+1.00+0.65+0.35; II 1.03+0.53+0.65+ SynagelidesgosainkundicusBohdanowicz,1987:78–79,figs.45–46(_ holotypeinSMFM;examined). 0.73+0.37; III 1.00+0.51+0.70+0.85+0.38; IV 1.25+ 0.63+1.10+1.15+0.40. Leg spination: I: Tb v 0-2-2-2, Type: Holotype _ (SMFM, 33173) from Nepal, Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration: Carapace yellow-brown, with Rosuwa Distr., Irisuli Valley, ascent to Syng Gyang, brown margins. Black around eyes. Sternum yellow. Gosainkund, 2000–2100m a.s.l., 23 April 1973, J. Maxillae, labium and chelicerae yellow, tinged with Martens. brown. Abdomen: dorsum and sides grey-brown, with Comments:ThisspeciesismostsimilartoS.kosisp.n., thin transverse white line in area of poorly-marked from which it can be easily distinguished by the thicker constriction;venteryellow;dorsumcoveredwithbrown- and stronger tibial apophysis (cf. Figs. 19 and 21). Of ish scutum. Book-lung covers and spinnerets brownish the species described previously, S. gosainkundicus is Figs.12–17: Synagelidesdoisuthepsp.n.(_holotypeand\paratypefromThailand,DoiSuthep).12Malepalp,ventralview;13Embolardivision, mesal view; 14 Cymbium, dorsal view; 15 Male palp, retrolateral view; 16 Spermathecae, dorsal view; 17 Epigyne. Scale lines=0.1mm. D.V.Logunov&J.Hereward 285 Figs.18–24: Synagelidesspp.18S.walesaiBohdanowicz,1987(_holotypefromNepal,LalitpurDistr.,PhulchokiMt.),malepalp,retrolateral view;19S.gosainkundicusBohdanowicz,1987(_holotypefromNepal,RosuwaDistr.,Gosainkund),malepalp,retrolateralview; 20S.oleksiakiBohdanowicz,1987(_holotypefromNepal,RamechapDistr.,ThodungnearThose),malepalp,retrolateralview. 21–24S.kosisp.n.(_holotypeand\paratypefromNepal,Kosi).21Malepalp,retrolateralview;22Malepalp,ventralview; 23Cymbium,dorsalview;24Epigyne.Scalelines=0.1mm. ratherclosetoS.walesaiBohdanowicz,butdiffersfrom very close to those of S. martensi Bohdanowicz and S. it in the longer and slightly narrower tibial apophysis ullerensisBohdanowicz,butthespermathecaeareclearly andtheclearlylargerembolus(cf.Figs.19and18).For larger, with more strongly developed C-shaped slcero- description of the species see Bohdanowicz (1987: 78). tisedloops(arrowedinFig.32)andlongerinsemination ducts (cf. Figs. 32 and 31, 33; all the spermathecae are illustrated at the same scale). Synagelides kosi sp. n. (Figs. 21–24, 32) Distribution: Nepal: Kosi. Types: Holotype _ (NHMB) from Nepal, Kosi, Description: Male (holotype): Carapace 1.70 long, Phkode N of Bhalukhop, 27(24#N/87(25#E, 3100m 1.10wide,0.73highatPLE.Ocularfield1.10long,0.96 a.s.l., sifting of vegetation debris and moss in forest, wide anteriorly, 1.10 wide posteriorly. Diameter of 15–17 June 2001, exp. Basel. Paratypes: 4\ (NHMB), AME 0.33. Cheliceral length 0.33. Clypeal height 0.10. together with holotype; 1\ (NHMB), Nepal, Kosi, Abdomen 1.68 long, 1.08 wide. Length of leg segments: Pakhribas (=Pakhri Bash), 27(03#N/87(18#E, 1700– I 1.03+0.78+0.83+0.45+0.33; II 0.73+0.38+0.50+ 1900m a.s.l., sifting vegetation debris in ravine in very 0.50+0.28; III 0.78+0.38+0.50+0.61+0.30; IV 1.03+ degraded montane forest, 27–28 May 2001, exp. Basel; 0.48+0.53+0.80+0.35. Leg spination: I: Tb v 0-2-2-2-2, 1\ (NHMB), Nepal, Kosi, Chauki, 27(11#–12#N/ Mtv2-2ap.Coloration:Carapaceyellowishbrown,with 87(27#–28#E,2600–3000ma.s.l.,sweeping&beatingof brownish veins; eye field darker (brown), black around vegetation, 22–24 June 2001, exp. Basel; 1_ (NHMB), eyes. Sternum, maxillae, labium and chelicerae yellow, Nepal, Kosi, Gufa Pokhari (=Gupha Pokhari), tinged with brown. Abdomen yellow-grey, without 27(17#N/87(30#E, 2900m a.s.l., sifting of leaf litter, marked pattern; dorsum with two rounded scuta moss, dead wood and branches of Rhododendron/Abies (anterior and posterior). Book-lung covers and spinner- forest, 21 June 2001, exp. Basel. ets brownish yellow. All legs yellow, but anterior sides Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition of all femora brown. Palp yellow, structure as in taken from the type locality, Kosi in Nepal. Figs. 21–23. Diagnosis: The male of S. kosi is most similar to that Female (paratype from Nepal, Kosi, Phkode N of of S. gosainkundicus, but can be distinguished by the Bhalukhop): Carapace 1.63 long, 1.20 wide, 0.73 high narrowertibialapophysisandtheslightlysmallersizeof at PLE. Ocular field 1.10 long, 1.05 wide anteriorly, thebulbus(cf.Figs.21and19).ThefemaleofS.kosiis 1.20wideposteriorly.DiameterofAME0.35.Cheliceral 286 NewspeciesandsynonymiesinSynagelides length 0.50. Clypeal height 0.08. Abdomen 2.40 long, S. lehtineni this new species can be easily distinguished 1.53 wide. Length of leg segments: I 1.03+0.70+0.88+ by the absence of the long, movable dorsal tibial apo- 0.48+0.30; II 0.80+0.41+0.51+0.55+0.28; III 0.83+ physis (cf. Figs. 30 and 27) and by the different confor- 0.40+0.58+0.68+0.30; IV 1.06+0.51+0.90+0.93+0.38. mation of the embolar division (cf. Figs. 28 and 25). Legspination:I:Tbv0-2-2-2-2,Mtv2-2ap.Coloration Distribution: Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur. as in male, but slightly lighter; there is no abdominal Description: Male (holotype): Carapace 1.63 long, scutum, and femora of all legs yellow anteriorly. Palps 1.08wide,0.55highatPLE.Ocularfield1.12long,1.10 yellow. Epigyne and spermathecae as in Figs. 24, 32. wide anteriorly, 1.05 wide posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.38. Cheliceral length 0.18. Clypeal height 0.03. Abdomen 1.48 long, 0.75 wide. Length of leg segments: I 0.95+0.75+0.75+0.35+0.25; II 0.62+0.25+0.45+ Synagelides kualaensis sp. n. (Figs. 28–30) 0.48+0.25; III 0.58+0.25+0.35+0.58+0.25; IV 0.75+ Type: Holotype _ (ZMTU) from Malaysia, Kuala 0.25+0.82+0.55+0.38. Leg spination: I: Tb v 0-0-2-2, Lumpur, Templer’s Park, 28 August 1980, coll.? Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration: Carapace red-brown, stippled, Etymology: Named after the type locality, Kuala with well-marked fovea. Eye field red-brown, black Lumpur in Malaysia. aroundeyes.Clypeusred-brown.Sternum,maxillaeand Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from labium orange-brown. Abdomen: dorsum brown, con- all other described Synagelides species, except for S. stricted medially, slight red-brown patterning medially; lehtinenisp.n.fromIndia(seebelow),bythepresenceof venter red-brown, pale band 1/3 from anterior end. two, clearly developed tibial apophyses, knob-like ven- Booklungcoversorange-brown.Spinneretspaleyellow, tral and claw-like dorsal (Fig. 30), as well as by the darkening on prolateral surface. Palp orange-brown, unusually wide and strong median apophysis (arrowed structure as in Figs. 28–30. in Fig. 28) and the rather straight embolus. From Female: Unknown. Figs. 25–30: 25–27 Synagelides lehtineni sp. n. (_ paratype from India, Tamil Nadu, Torapata). 25 Male palp, ventral view; 26 Cymbium, dorsalview;27Malepalp,retrolateralview.28–30S.kualaensissp.n.(_paratypefromMalaysia,KualaLumpur).28Malepalp, ventralview;29Cymbium,dorsalview;30Malepalp,retrolateralview.Scalelines=0.1mm. D.V.Logunov&J.Hereward 287 Figs.31–36: SpermathecaeofSynagelidesspp.,dorsalviews.31S.ullerensisBohdanowicz,1987(\holotypefromNepal,ParbatDistr.,Ulleri); 32S.kosisp.n.(\paratypefromNepal,Kosi);33S.martensiBohdanowicz,1987(\paratypefromNepal,DolpoDistr.,Gompanear Tarakot);34S.tukchensisBohdanowicz,1987(\holotypefromNepal,MustangDistr.,Tukche);35S.oleksiakiBohdanowicz,1987 (\paratypefromNepal,RamechapDistr.,ThodungnearThose);36S.walesaiBohdanowicz,1987(\paratypefromNepal,Lalitpur Distr.,PhulchokiMt.).Scalelines=0.1mm. Synagelides lehtineni sp. n. (Figs. 25–27) 0.28+0.28; II 0.43+0.15+0.25+0.25+0.15; III 0.45+ 0.18+0.25+0.32+0.25; IV 0.58+0.25+0.43+0.32+0.25. Types:Holotype_(ZMTU)fromIndia,TamilNadu, Leg spination: I: Tb v 2-2-2, Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration: Nilgiri,Torapata,2550ma.s.l.,montaneforest,22April Carapaceyellow-brown,foveapoorlymarked.Eyefield 1979, P. T. Lehtinen. Paratypes: 1_ (ZMTU), together yellow-brown, black around eyes. Clypeus yellow- withholotype;1_(ZMTU),India,TamilNadu,Nilgiri, brown. Sternum, maxillae and labium yellow. Doddabatta,2700ma.s.l.,onbush,22April1979,P.T. Abdomen: dorsum yellow-brown; sides and venter Lehtinen. yellow, with greyish longitudinal stripes on sides. Book Etymology: The species is named after the famous lung covers yellow, spinnerets and legs yellow. Palp Finnisharachnologist,DrPekkaLehtinen(Turku),who yellow-brown, structure as in Figs. 25–27. collected the type series. Female: Unknown. Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from all other described Synagelides species, except for S. kualaensis sp. n. from Malaysia (see above), by the Synagelides martensi Bohdanowicz, 1987 (Figs. 33, 37– presence of two, clearly developed tibial apophyses, 40) shortventralandlong,movabledorsal(Fig.27),aswell SynagelidesmartensiBohdanowicz,1987:68–69,figs.5–9(_holotype as by the unusual conformation of the embolar division inSMFM;examined). (Fig. 25). From S. kualaensis this new species can Synagelides wyszynskii Bohdanowicz, 1987: 71–72, figs. 17–22 (_ be easily distinguished by the presence of the long, holotypeinSMFM;examined).Newsynonymy. movable dorsal tibial apophysis (claw-like and fixed in Synagelides thodungus Bohdanowicz, 1987: 75–76, figs. 30–34 (_ S. kualaensis; cf. Figs. 27 and 30) and by the different holotypeinSMFM;examined).Newsynonymy. Synagelides himalaicus Bohdanowicz, 1987: 76–78, figs. 35–44 (_ conformation of the embolar division (cf. Figs. 25 and holotypeinSMFM;examined).Newsynonymy. 28).Also,S.lehtineniisthesmallest(lessthan2.3mmin Synagelides dhaulagiricus Bohdanowicz, 1987: 79–80, figs. 49–55 (\ length) representative of Synagelides we have seen. holotypeinSMFM;examined).Newsynonymy. Distribution: India: Nilgiri. SynagelidesjiricusBohdanowicz,1987:83,figs.62–63(\holotypein SMFM;examined).Newsynonymy. Description: Male (paratype from Torapata): Carapace1.15long,0.72wide,0.68highatPLE.Ocular Types: Holotype _ and paratype \ of S. martensi field 0.68 long, 0.72 wide anteriorly, 0.75 wide (SMFM,33167)fromNepal,DolpoDistr.,Gompanear posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.22. Cheliceral length Tarakot, 3300–3400m a.s.l., 2–6 June 1973, J. Martens. 0.20. Clypeal height 0.05. Abdomen 1.13 long, 0.45 Holotype _ and paratype \ of S. wyszynskii (SMFM, wide. Length of leg segments: I 0.52+0.32+0.38+ 33169)fromNepal,SolukhumbuDistr.,Lughla,2950m 288 NewspeciesandsynonymiesinSynagelides a.s.l., 23 October 1970, J. Martens. Holotype _ and Leg spination: I: Tb v 2-2-2-2, Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration: paratype\ofS.thodungus(SMFM,33171)fromNepal, Carapace yellow-brown, stippled, depressed in centre. Ramechap Distr., Thodung near Those, 3200m a.s.l. Eye field yellow-brown, black around eyes. Clypeus [Abies-Tsuga-Rhododendron forest], 3–7 September yellow-brown. Sternum, labium and maxillae yellow. 1970, J. Martens. Holotype _ of S. himalaicus (SMFM, Abdomen: dorsum brown, two yellow spots at anterior 33172) from Nepal, Ramechap Distr., Chordung Mt. and two lighter spots wider apart posteriorly, about near Jiri, 2900m a.s.l., 1 April 1973, J. Martens. Holo- midway; venter yellow, no pattern. Book lung type \ of S. dhaulagiricus (SMFM, 33175) from Nepal, covers yellow. Spinnerets, legs and palps yellow. Palpal Parbat Distr., eastern Dhaulagiri, Thakkhola, between structure as in Figs. 37–40. Gorapani Pass and Ulleri, 2460m a.s.l., 15 December Female (paratype from Nepal, Tarakot): Carapace 1969, J. Martens. Holotype \ of S. jiricus (SMFM, 1.81long,1.25wide,0.70highatPLE.Ocularfield1.15 33178) from Nepal, Ramechap Distr., ascent to Chor- long, 1.09 wide anteriorly, 1.20 wide posteriorly. Diam- dungMt.fromJiri,2600–3000ma.s.l.,16January1970, eterofAME0.38.Chelicerallength0.45.Clypealheight J. Martens. 0.05. Abdomen 1.78 long, 1.15 wide. Length of leg Comments: The five species synonymised with S. segments:I1.15+0.78+0.93+0.48+0.30;II0.85+0.44+ martensi have practically identical structures of the 0.55+0.58+0.30; III 0.65+0.43+0.58+0.70+0.38; IV copulatory organs to those of S. martensi (Figs. 33, 1.15+0.55+0.90+0.98+0.43. Leg spination I: Tb v 2-2- 37–40)andhavetobesynonymisedwithit.ThenameS. 2-2, Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration: Specimen looks faded. martensi has page priority over the other names and Carapaceyellow,tingedwithbrownanddarker(brown) hence is the valid one for this species. on margins. Black around eyes. Sternum, maxillae, Diagnosis: This species is most closely related to S. labiumandcheliceraeyellow,tingedwithbrown.Abdo- oleksiakiBohdanowicz,butcanbedistinguishedfromit men:dorsumandsidesbrownish,venteryellow.Alllegs by the pointed tip of the median apophysis in males yellow with brownish femora. Palps yellow, tinged with (arrowed in Fig. 40; cf. Fig. 20) and the shorter glandu- brown. Spermathecae as in Fig. 33. larductsandstructureoftheC-shapedsclerotisedloops Other material examined: : 2_ (ZMTU), Bag- in females (cf. Figs. 33 and 35). mati, Shivapuzi, Mohanpokhazi, 2000m a.s.l., moun- Distribution: Nepal and northern India (Uttar tain bush, 14 May 1979, P. T. Lehtinen; 1_ (ZMTU), Pradesh). Bagmati, Sunderijal, 1380m a.s.l., pine forest, 13 May Description: Male (Nepal, Shivapuzi, Mohanpok- 1979, P. T. Lehtinen & G. Buddibatar. : 1_ hazi): Carapace 1.35 long, 0.95 wide, 0.58 high at PLE. (ZMTU), Uttar Pradesh, Kumaon Nainital, 1950m Ocular field 0.93 long, 0.80 wide anteriorly, 0.95 wide a.s.l., Quercus litter, 15 April 1979, P. T. Lehtinen. posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.28. Cheliceral length 0.35. Clypeal height 0.08. Abdomen 1.33 long, 0.85 wide. Length of leg segments: I 1.08+0.93+0.83+ Synagelides oleksiaki Bohdanowicz, 1987 (Figs. 20, 35) 0.38+0.32; II 0.63+0.38+0.43+0.40+0.28; III 0.62+ Synagelides oleksiaki Bohdanowicz, 1987: 69–71, figs. 10–16 (_ 0.28+0.42+0.45+0.30; IV 0.93+0.38+0.75+0.68+0.33. holotypeinSMFM;examined). Figs.37–40: SynagelidesmartensiBohdanowicz,1987(_holotypefromNepal,DolpoDistr.,GompanearTarakot).37Malepalp,ventralview; 38Ditto,mesalview;39Cymbium,dorsalview;40Malepalp,retrolateralview.Scalelines=0.1mm. D.V.Logunov&J.Hereward 289 Figs.41–45: SynagelidespalpaloidesPeng,Tso&Li,2002(fromTaiwan,AlishanMts).41Cymbium,dorsalview;42Embolardivision,ventral view;43Malepalp,retrolateralview;44Spermathecae,dorsalview;45Epigyne.Scalelines=0.1mm. Synagelides gorapanicus Bohdanowicz, 1987: 79, figs. 47–48 (_ theseauthorsactuallystudiedthemaleofS.palpaloides holotypeinSMFM;examined).Newsynonymy. ratherthanthatofS.palpalis;theformerwasdescribed Types: Holotype _ and paratype \ of S. oleksiaki by Peng et al. (2002) from a single female. Both (SMFM, 33168) from Nepal, Ramechap Distr., their studied males were collected together with the \ Thodung near Those, 3200m a.s.l. [Abies-Tsuga- holotype of S. palpaloides, i.e. from the Hui-Sun Rhododendronforest],3–9April1973,J.Martens.Holo- Experimental Forest Station (Taiwan), and there is no type _ of S. gorapanicus (SMFM, 33174) from Nepal, doubt that both sexes belong to the same species. Thus, Parbat Distr., between Sikha and Gorapani Pass, S. palpalis does not occur in Taiwan, as currently 2300–2700m a.s.l., 11 July 1973, J. Martens. accepted (Platnick, 2005), and is restricted to Vietnam Comments: The _ holotype of S. gorapanicus has an andtheChineseprovinceofHainan(Song&Chai,1991; identicalpalpalstructuretothatofthe_holotypeofS. Song et al., 1999; Peng & Li, 2003). oleksiaki (cf. Fig. 20 with Bohdanowicz, 1987: figs. Diagnosis: This species is most similar to Synagelides 47–48) and hence the name S. gorapanicus should be palpalis Z~abka, 1985 from Vietnam, but males can synonymised with S. oleksiaki. For description of the be easily distinguished by the longer, spiral-shaped species see Bohdanowicz (1987: 69). embolus, the stronger, hook-shaped median apophysis Diagnosis: This species is most closely related to S. and the more curved, L-shaped tibial apophysis martensi, but can be distinguished from it by the blunt (cf. Figs. 42, 43 and Z~abka, 1985: figs. 573, 574). The tipofthemedianapophysisinmales(arrowedinFig.20; femalesofS.palpaloidesseemtodifferinhavingawider cf. Fig. 40) and the longer glandular ducts and different epigyne,withW-shapedcourseofitsgrooves(cf.Fig.45 structure of the C-shaped sclerotised loops in females and Z~abka, 1985: figs. 577, 578); however, the differ- (cf. Figs. 35 and 33). ences between females of both species, especially in Other material examined: : 1_ (BMNH), Sikha, the spermathecae, are not obvious. The male of S. 28(25#N/83(41.1#E, c.2480m a.s.l., mixed deciduous palpaloides is described here for the first time. forest(underrottinglogs),21–28May1954,K.H.Hyatt. Distribution: Taiwan (Wushikan, Alishan Mts, Hui-Sun) (Peng et al., 2002; present data). Description: Male (Taiwan, Alishan Mts): Carapace Synagelides palpaloides Peng, Tso & Li, 2002 1.75 long, 1.12 wide, 0.75 high at PLE. Ocular field (Figs. 41–45) 1.15 long, 1.17 wide anteriorly, 1.12 wide posteriorly. Synagelides palpaloides Peng, Tso & Li, 2002: 4–5, figs. 13–16 (\ Diameter of AME 0.40. Cheliceral length 0.28. Clypeal holotype in National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, height 0.08. Abdomen 2.18 long, 1.25 wide. Length of Taiwan;notexamined). leg segments: I 0.95+0.85+0.92+0.35+0.32; II 0.85+ Synagelidespalpalis(necZ~abka,1985;misidentified):Peng,Tso&Li, 0.38+0.58+0.33+0.32;III0.95+0.35+0.72+0.68+0.38; 2002:3–4,figs.9–12(_). IV 1.02+0.42+1.07+0.98+0.52. Leg spination: I: Tb v Comments: Judging from the authors’ illustrations 0-2-2-2-2,Mtv2-2ap.Coloration:Carapacered-brown, (Pengetal.,2002:figs.10–11),itissafetoconcludethat including eye field (eyes surrounded by black). Clypeus, 290 NewspeciesandsynonymiesinSynagelides sternum, maxillae and labium red-brown. Abdomen nidus, 27 November 1997, P. T. Lehtinen; 2_ 1\ constricted: dorsum red-brown, lighter medially; venter (ZMTU), Chiayi Co., Alishan Mts, 2270m a.s.l., moss, lighter red-brown, with light lines laterally. Book-lung lichen and litter on moist rock slope, 4 November covers light red-brown. Spinnerets yellow-brown. Legs 1987, P. T. Lehtinen; 1\ (ZMTU), Yunlin Co., Tauli, andpalpsred-brown.PalpalstructureasinFigs.41–43. S. bottom of stony brook and litter in bamboo, Female (Taiwan, Alishan Mts): Carapace 1.75 long, 3 November 1987, P. T. Lehtinen. 1.12wide,0.75highatPLE.Ocularfield1.02long,1.12 Comparative material: Synagelides palpalis Z~abka, wide anteriorly, 1.07 wide posteriorly. Diameter of 1985: : 1\ (ZMUM), Kat Ba island, Trung AME 0.38. Cheliceral length 0.23. Clypeal height 0.08. Trang Vil., summer 1989, T. K. Sergeeva. Abdomen 2.25 long, 1.25 wide. Length of leg segments: I 0.95+0.88+0.85+0.37+0.32; II 0.82+0.33+0.48+ Synagelides sumatranus sp. n. (Figs. 46–52) 0.42+0.32; III 0.78+0.33+0.55+0.48+0.38; IV 1.02+ 0.42+1.07+0.98+0.52. Leg spination: I: Tb v 0-2-2-2-2, Types: Holotype _ (RMNH) from Indonesia, Mt v 2-2ap. Coloration as in male, except abdomen: Sumatra,Mt.Singalang,Anai,400–520ma.s.l.,second- dorsumlightbrown,noconstriction,twofaintchevrons ary forest, 9–24 June 1994, S. Djojosudharmo. Para- inposteriorhalf;venteryellow-brown,withdarkerlines types: 5_ 7\ (RMNH), together with holotype; 8_ 20\ laterally. Epigyne and spermathecae as in Figs. 44–45. (RMNH), same locality, 400–500m a.s.l., ? June 1994, Material examined: : 1_ (ZMTU), Taichung S. Djojosudharmo. Prov., Wushikan, 1000m a.s.l., litter within Asplenium Etymology: Named after the type locality, Sumatra. Figs.46–52: Synagelidessumatranussp.n.(_and\paratypesfromIndonesia,Sumatra,Anai)).46Maleabdomen,lateralview;47Malepalp, ventral view; 48 Ditto, retrolateral view; 49 Cymbium, dorsal view; 50 Male palp, mesal view; 51 Spermathecae, dorsal view; 52Epigyne.Scalelines=0.1mm.