New Materials in Civil Engineering New Materials in Civil Engineering Edited by Pijush Samui Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Patna, Patna, Bihar, India Dookie Kim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Structural System Laboratory, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea Nagesh R. Iyer FNAE Dean & Visiting Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India Sandeep Chaudhary Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India Butterworth-HeinemannisanimprintofElsevier TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2020ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-818961-0 ForInformationonallButterworth-Heinemannpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:MatthewDeans EditorialProjectManager:AnaClaudiaGarcia ProductionProjectManager:NirmalaArumugam CoverDesigner:MarkRogers TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India Dedication Dedication in memory of my father Prof. G.R. Ranganatha Iyer (June 26, 1922(cid:1)October 30, 2019) Chief Engineer & Joint Secretary (Retd), Govt. of Gujarat Professor of Civil Engineering, L.D. College of Engineering, Gujarat University & Technical Advisor, World Bank He has been a fountainhead of knowledge, inspiration, philosophy, and an excellent disciple of spiritual learning; a noble soul radiating love and warmth; he has left behind a rich harvest of memories to cherish, honor, and emulate. He was a magnanimous presence, an endearing soul who spread happiness and love with his brilliant smile and words of encouragement. We pray for his soul and salute him for his foot prints on the sands of time! We will remember him in every moment in every walk of our lives, as we continue to be inspired by him, forever. People of his kind never die! Contents ListofContributors xvii 1 Anoverviewofcementitiousconstructionmaterials 1 NageshR.Iyer 1.1 Cementandconcrete 1 1.2 High-performanceconcrete 10 1.3 Geopolymerconcrete 13 1.4 Fiber-reinforcedconcrete 16 1.5 Fiber-reinforcedconcretepolymercomposites 23 1.6 Lightweightconcrete 25 1.7 Ultrahigh-strengthconcrete 40 1.8 Biomimeticsandbacterialconcrete 50 Acknowledgments 61 References 61 2 Computationalintelligenceformodelingofpavementsurface characteristics 65 BehrouzMataei,FereidoonMoghadasNejad,HamzehZakeri andAmirH.Gandomi 2.1 Introduction 65 2.2 Computationalintelligencemethods 67 2.3 Conclusion 75 References 76 Furtherreading 77 3 Computationalintelligenceformodelingofasphaltpavement surfacedistress 79 SajadRanjbar,FereidoonMoghadasNejad,HamzehZakeri andAmirH.Gandomi 3.1 Introduction 79 3.2 CImethods 80 3.3 Methodologyandapplication 84 3.4 ApplicationofCIframeworksinPMS 97 3.5 Conclusion 102 References 104 viii Contents 4 Expandedpolystyrenegeofoam 117 S.N.MoghaddasTafreshi,S.M.AminGhotbiSiabilandA.R.Dawson 4.1 Introduction 117 4.2 EPSproperties 120 4.3 EPSinembankments 131 4.4 EPSinbridgeabutmentsandretainingstructures 138 4.5 EPSinutilityprotection 144 4.6 EPSinotheruses 149 4.7 Conclusions 150 References 151 5 Recyclingofindustrialwastesforvalue-addedapplications inclay-basedceramicproducts:aglobalreview (2015(cid:1)19) 155 M.Contreras,M.J.Ga´zquez,M.RomeroandJ.P.Bolı´var 5.1 Introduction 155 5.2 Industrialwastematerialsasaggregateinclayceramics 158 5.3 Reviewofstudiesintotheincorporationofwastematerials inbrickmaking 164 5.4 Discussion 208 References 209 6 Emergingadvancementoffiber-reinforcedpolymercomposites instructuralapplications 221 KishoreKumarMahato,KrishnaDuttaandBankimChandraRay 6.1 Introduction 221 6.2 Assessmentoffiber-reinforcedpolymercompositesby mechanical,chemical,andthermalbehaviors 224 6.3 Evaluationofspecialstructuralproperties 233 6.4 Environmentaldurabilityoffiber-reinforcedpolymer compositesincivilstructures 241 6.5 Conclusionsandfutureperspectives 261 Acknowledgment 262 References 262 7 Fiber-reinforcedconcreteandultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforcedconcretematerials 273 FrancescoMicelli,AngelaRenni,AbdouGeorgeKandalaft andSandroMoro 7.1 Fiber-reinforcedconcrete 273 7.2 Ultrahigh-performanceconcreteultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforcedconcrete 294 References 310 Contents ix 8 Thesuperplasticizer effectontherheologicalandmechanical propertiesofself-compactingconcrete 315 MouhcineBenAicha 8.1 Introduction 315 8.2 Chemicalstructureofsuperplasticizers 315 8.3 Actionmechanismsofsuperplasticizers 318 8.4 Superplasticizereffectoncementpaste 321 8.5 Superplasticizereffectsonconcreterheology 324 8.6 Superplasticizereffectonconcretecompressivestrength 326 8.7 Conclusion 327 References 328 9 Trendsandperspectivesintheuseoftimberandderived productsinbuildingfac¸ades 333 AnnaSandak,MarcinBrzezickiandJakubSandak 9.1 Introduction 333 9.2 Biobasedfac¸adematerials 335 9.3 Trendsandperspectives 348 9.4 Conclusions 369 Acknowledgment 370 References 370 10 Dynamicresponseoflaminatedcompositeplatesfitted withpiezoelectricactuators 375 S.K.Sahu,A.GuptaandE.V.Prasad 10.1 Introduction 375 10.2 Formulation 378 10.3 Linearstaticanalysisofcross-plylaminatedplates 383 10.4 Dynamicandtransientanalyses 383 10.5 Nonlinearvibrationanalysisofcompositeplates embeddedwithpiezoelectricmaterials 384 10.6 Conclusion 392 References 392 11 Functionalnanomaterialsandtheirapplicationstoward smartandgreenbuildings 395 KwokWeiShah,GhasanFahimHuseienandTengXiong 11.1 Introduction 395 11.2 SustainabilityoftraditionalordinaryPortland cement-basedconcrete 396 11.3 Self-healingconcrete 398 11.4 Nanomaterials 410 11.5 Nanomaterial-basedself-healingconcrete 413 11.6 Sustainabilityofnanomaterial-basedself-healingconcrete 419 x Contents 11.7 Advantagesanddisadvantagesofnanomaterialsfor self-healingconcrete 420 11.8 Economyofnanomaterial-basedself-healingconcretes 420 11.9 Environmentalsuitabilityandsafetyfeaturesof nanomaterial-basedconcretes 421 11.10 Conclusions 422 References 423 12 Productionofsustainableconcretecompositescomprising wastemetalizedplasticfibersandpalmoilfuelash 435 HosseinMohammadhosseini,MahmoodMd.Tahir, RayedAlyousefandHishamAlabduljabbar 12.1 Introduction 435 12.2 Wastemetalizedplasticfibers 437 12.3 Concreteincorporatingwastemetalizedplasticfibers 439 12.4 Applications 454 12.5 Conclusions 454 References 455 13 Alkali-activatedconcretesystems:astateofart 459 R.ManjunathandMatturC.Narasimhan 13.1 Introduction 459 13.2 Geopolymersandalkali-activatedcementitioussystems 460 13.3 Requirementsforalkaliactivationofgroundgranulated blastfurnaceslag 463 13.4 Alkali-activatedslagsystems 463 13.5 Effectofdosageandmodulusofactivatorsolutions 464 13.6 Workabilityandstrengthcharacteristicsofgeopolymers andalkali-activatedcomposites 465 13.7 Alkali-activatedcompositeswithalternativebinders 469 13.8 Alkali-activatedcompositeswithdifferentactivators 471 13.9 Alkali-activatedcompositeswithalternativeaggregates 472 13.10 Durabilitystudiesonalkali-activatedcomposites 473 13.11 Elevated-temperatureperformanceofalkali-activated composites 475 13.12 Behaviourofalkali-activatedcompositesincorporated withfibers 477 13.13 Behaviourofrebar-reinforcedstructuralelementsmade fromalkali-activatedconcretemixes 479 13.14 Summaryofalkali-activatedcompositesystems 480 13.15 FuturetrendsforAAcomposites—researchneeds 482 References 482 Contents xi 14 Porousconcretepavementcontainingnanosilicafromblack ricehuskash 493 RamadhansyahPutraJaya 14.1 Introduction 493 14.2 Literaturereview 496 14.3 Materials 499 14.4 Experimentalplan 501 14.5 Resultsanddiscussions 512 14.6 Conclusions 523 Acknowledgment 523 References 523 15 Porousalkali-activatedmaterials 529 PriyadharshiniPerumal,TeroLuukkonen,HarisankarSreenivasan, PaivoKinnunenandMirjaIllikainen 15.1 Introduction 529 15.2 Porousalkali-activatedmaterials 530 15.3 Characterizationofporosityinalkali-activatedmaterials 541 15.4 Propertiesofporousalkali-activatedmaterials 546 15.5 Functionalpropertiesandapplications 549 15.6 Conclusions 554 Acknowledgments 555 References 555 16 Lightweightcement-basedmaterials 565 TeresaM.Pique,FedericoGiurich,ChristianM.Martı´n,Florencia SpinazzolaandDiegoG.Manzanal 16.1 Introduction 565 16.2 Lightweight/low-strengthaggregates 566 16.3 Lightweight/high-strengthaggregates 575 16.4 Extenders 580 16.5 Outlookandfuturetrends 586 References 587 17 Developmentofalkali-activatedbindersfromsodium silicatepowderproducedfromindustrialwastes 591 ParthibanKathirvel 17.1 Introduction 591 17.2 AlternativeforPortlandcement 592 17.3 Alkalineactivators 593 17.4 Wasteglass 594 17.5 Silicafume 597 17.6 Ricehuskash 597