oi.uchicago.edu ORIENTAL INSTITUTE NUBIAN EXPEDITION * Vol. VI THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Thomas A. Holland * Series Editor with the assistance of Thomas G. Urban * Editor oi.uchicago.edu 1ST Cataract SEA SBugga Aniba EGYPT Abu Simbel Ballana Faras Qasr Ibrim Buhen Dorginarti Semna \Debeira Semna South * 2ND Cataract 3RD Nuri 5TH Cataract NILE RIVER SUDAN 6TH Cataract * Musawarrat es-Sufra * Naqa Khartoum - Map Showing Location of Principal Nubian Sites oi.uchicago.edu CAMPAGNE INTERNATIONALE POUR LA SAUVEGARDE DES MONUMENTS DE LA NUBIE THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ORIENTAL INSTITUTE NUBIAN EXPEDITION VOLUME VI EXCAVATIONS BETWEEN ABU SIMBEL AND THE SUDAN FRONTIER KEITH C. SEELE, DIRECTOR PART 6: NEW KINGDOM REMAINS FROM CEMETERIES R, V, S, AND W AT QUSTUL AND CEMETERY K AT ADINDAN by BRUCE BEYER WILLIAMS with a contribution by WILLIAM J. MURNANE Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CHICAGO * ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 68-3148 ISBN: 0-918986-86-9 The OrientalI nstitute, Chicago ©1992 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1992. Printed in the United States of America. Editor'sA cknowledgments The Oriental Institute once again thanks Cleo Huggins of Mountain View, California for providing the hieroglyphic fonts used in Appendix B to reproduce the inscriptions on the coffin fragments. Cleo's cooperation and generosity are deeply appreciated. The font used for the remainder of the text, CuneiformOriental, was created by Lloyd Anderson of Ecological Linguistics (P.O. Box 15156, Washington, D.C. 20003). Dr. Emily Teeter, Assistant Curator of the Oriental Institute Museum, offered several valuable suggestions for the design of this volume, one of which was to include an additional map of Nubia showing many of the Nubian sites mentioned in the text; this map is given as the frontispiece and was created by Mary Carlisle, former Preparator of the Oriental Institute Museum. The addition of a list of objects registered by the Oriental Institute Museum and Cairo Museum was also suggested by Emily. Special thanks are due to John Darnell, Epigrapher of the Epigraphic Survey, and his wife Deborah for their help with the interpretation of the glyptic on the scarabs. The illustrations were prepared for publication by Lynn Michaels of Color Concept Company. James Willis, Publications Assistant, assisted with the paste-up of the illustrations. oi.uchicago.edu DEDICATION to Mrs. Elizabeth Tieken oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... xi xiii LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................. PLATES xix LIST OF ................................................................................................ OF TABLES.............................................................................................. LIST xxi BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................... xxxiii PREFACE......................................................................................................... xxxv CHAPTER 1. CHRONOLOGY AND BURIAL CUSTOMS .................................................. I A. THE PROBLEM OF CULTURAL ORIENTATION IN THE NEW KINGDOM ............................ 1 I. Egyptian Burial Customs ............................................................................... 3 2. Non-Egyptian Burial Customs.......................................................................... 4 B. CHRONOLOGY AND THE PROBLEM OF SETTLEMENT IN THE NEW KINGDOM................... 5 1. The Hyksos Period .................................................................................... 6 2. The Early New Kingdom ............................................................................... 7 3. The Era of Thutmose III................................................................................. 9 10 4. The Reign of Amenhotep II ............................................................................ 5. The Reign of Thutmose IV............................................................................. 11 6. The Reign of Amenhotep II I....................................................................... 12 12 7. The Amamna and Post-Amamna Periods ............................................................... 8. The Late New Kingdom ................................................................................ 13 9. Dating the Groups at Qustul and Adindan ............................................................ 14 C. BURIAL CUSTOMS AT QUSTUL AND ADINDAN........................................................ 20 CHAPTER 2. POT[ERY........................................................................................ 23 A. POTITERY IN NEW KINGDOM NUBIA..................................................................... 23 B. MANUFACTURE OF NEW KINGDOM POTTERY......................................................... 24 1. Clay ....................................................................................................... 24 2. Treatment.............................................................................................. 25 3. Temper .............................................................................................. 25 4. Shaping .............................................................................................. 26 5. Drying ..................................................................................................... 26 6. Surface Treatments and Decoration ................................................................... 26 vii oi.uchicago.edu viii NEW KINGDOM REMAINS FROM QUSTUL AND ADINDAN (cont.) CHAPTER 2. POTTERY 28 B. MANUFACTURE OF NEW KINGDOM POTTERY (cont.) Firing 7. Post-Fi.r.i.n.g.. ................................................................................................ Treatments.................................................................................. 8. 29 CLASSIFICATION NEW POTITERY 29 C. 1. AND KINGDOM ..................................................... 31 inN ew Kingdom Pottery............................................................... Form-Groups Special Groups inE gyptian Ordinary Pottery........................................................ 2. 33 3. Classification of the Corpus............................................................................ 33 Bowl D. THE NEW KINGDOM POTTERY SHAPES................................................................. 34 Jar...................................................................................................... 37 I. ...................................................................................................... 34 2. 3. Stand ...................................................................................................... 46 Hob.................................................................................................... 4. Coarse Platter and Platter-Stand and Burner......................................................... 47 56. C. rucible 447 7 ...R...o...a..s..t.i.n...g.. ......................................................................... 47 Baking or Tube............................................................................... 7. CHAPTE8R. DokOaB oJrE CCoTaSr se Tray.................................................................................. 4897 13. . ............................................................................................ ....... ...... ........................................................................ 89 A. FSUTNELEAREAFR.Y. .E.Q.U.I PMENT .... ...... Coffins................................................................................................. B. ................................................................................. 89 89 CF2.. S UhawRI"aiNti.....I....T......U.......R.......E...... .......................................................9 92 ............................................................................................. 92 1.iHeadrests.............................................................................................. 2Iv.o ry Inlays 93 COSMETIC CONT..A.....I...N.....E....R....S.... ................................................................... 93 D. KTohulb es..... ............................................................................ 9934 1. ............................................................................................... Stone 2. Vessels............................................................................................ OTHER COSMETIC IMPLEMENTS 97 E. 1. ......................................................................... 97 Applicators or Kohl Sticks.............................................................................. 97 Mirrors 97 2. Tweezers ............................................................................................ Razors 3. .................................................................................................... 4. ............................................................................................... 99 oi.uchicago.edu LIST OF FIGURES ix 3. OBJECTS (cont.) CHAPTER G. METAL VESSELS ........................................................................................... 101 1. Bowls ..................................................................................................... 101 2. Stand ................................................................................................ 101 3. Pitcher........................................................................................ .... 101 H. SINGLE PIECE JEWELRY................................................................................. 102 1. Bracelets ............................................................................................. 102 1. 2. Hair Rings/Earrings................................................................................... 102 GLYPTIC ............................................................................. 104 1........................ J. AMULETS AND PENDANTS................................................................................. 118 1. TaweretAmulet ...................................................................................... 118 2. Bes Amulet.......................................................................................... 118 3. Falcon Amulet........................................................................................... 119 4. Hathor Symbol Amulet................................................................................. 119 6. 5. Wedjat-Eye Amulet................................................................................... 119 Scarab Amulet........................................................................................... 119 7. Heart Amulet ............................................................................................ 120 8. Fish Amulet.............................................................................................. 120 9. Fly Amulet............................................................................................... 120 10.Nfr1Amulet 120 ........................................................................................... 1l. Poppy Head/Cornflower Pendant ..................................................................... 121 12. Pendants ............................................................................................. 121 ................... K. BEADS 1..................... ..... ........ 1.........1.......1................ f ........ 123 I.F aience .............................................................................................. 123 2.Gl ass ................................................................................................ 123 3E.gy ptian Blue 125 ........................................................................................... 45.MO e.ta lt ....h.....e......r..... ............................................................................ 125 Materials 125 ......................................................................................... L. MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS AND SAMPLES ............................................................ 131 1.F aience Vessels......................................................................................... 131 2. Stone Objects ........................................................................................... 131 3.G alena Fragments .................................................................................... 131 4A.ni mals 132 .............................................................................................. oi.uchicago.edu x NEW KINGD)OM REMAINS FROM QUSTUL AND ADINDAN CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 141 A. CHRONOLOGY .............................................................................................. 141 BA. TRADTITION S IN NEW KINGDOM NUBIA ................................................................ 145 APPENDIX A: HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE DATE OF THE GREAT TUMULI KER MA ............................F......R.......A........G........M....... ENT......S........ ............... ...... ..149 OFFIN DS APPENDIX B: INSCRIBED COFFIN .......................................................... 153 REGISTER .............................................................................................. 159 .......... CEMETERY 160 A. R..............r..r....s.................... ................... f................... CEMETERY V B. ....... r.............................................. ........ . .............. .................. 254 CD.CC EM.E ETERYM ETER...Y...... ..................... 61 3 CEMK. ..... E1.1 ..T.... E... fR...... Y........ ............. ....... ......... S............................................................................................ 378 E. W ............................................................................................... 3~93 LIST OF REGISTERED OBJECTS 453 ............................................................................... A. OCRIEANTMALUI ISNRESTUITOMUT.E.. . .M..U..S..E..U..M.. ........................................................................................................................................... ......... 447583 B. (CAIRO) ...... ................ 479 C. FIELD NUMBERS ....... .............................. r....s...............