The Writing module Asa student a college or universiy, you will ve: preduce alot of written material. As sameune who may soon be living or working in country wine-e English is widely used, an abiicy to communicate effectively in writing wil also be essential Some writing may be Inthe form of lercers, emails, short essays or reports Other pieces of writing will be longer and will euuire considerable planning wnd attention (o detail, Iwill therefore be important for youto be able to express ourself elecry, write ina variety of ses and organise Your ideas care“ully: You will uso need to be fauly accurate {mn your writing so that your mesange is not obscured by grammatical error The 16LAS Writing medules test your ab ty to produce ova quite ier gives of writing in airy shoet period fim. Before applying to sit the test yon need to decide whether take che Asacemie nr te General Trainirg edule. Fach module is divided inso ewe parts and yor have only ane hour t complete bath pieces of writing, In ot Academic and General Training modvles, Task 2 is longer than Task 1, and worth more maeks, You see herefore advised to apend approximately 0 rinttes on Task 2and 20 animales on Task 1 ‘The Writingexsminers mark your werk:an Seale 1-9 in fourareass Fonte, organisation, vocabulary ard gramrrar (Ser pages 82 and 99) This book explains Joh diese teres mean and hews they ate applies in rhe Writing test Academic Writing Task 1 ts defi part, you ae given a tas hase on some graph or plctorkl informacion, ‘ware expecied wo wrteasanery of Ua inecnation pride i east 10 words Acadomic Writing Task 2 ‘The second cask ismore demsding, You ae expected fo praduce a written argument on agiven capic and to organise your answer clearly giving sara texauples W suppont yous points, You have (o aie at least 25 words, General Training Writing Task 1 Inte first part, you always have 1 write a lever based ona situation described to you in dhe task, Yow an expected tv wete lester of ui Teast 150 woe’ in at approprinte style General Training Writing Task 2 asks an essay based on a given tepic. You should prganise your answer eleuny, ving suuae exaaples suppout sour points You have to write a least 250 words. you are studying for the General Imining module, you should hegin with Writing Units 5 and 6. Then go on co Units 7-10 or Task?, a | Writing DES Wing Tak sesanent cri ‘Thora are four aess (called the assessment criteria wich the axaminar wl fos cn when IrarkingTask 1 of he Acadoric Writing tes. These same four areas are also use to esses8 tha Caner! Training Writ'g ocule, eventhough Task Vin GaneralTaning av Academie ae Aterent. Inbot maculs, each ofthe four ares is worth a quater ofthe otal marks for Task 1 In Academie Wiig Tate, the diagrams, hers, raph orablas are ahvays inroduced onthe ‘question paver, You ao shan nsirie ‘Summarise the Information ty selecting and repotng the man features, ane meke comparisons where leant 1. Look a: the table and the box below. The table shaws the four assesses criteria {or Writing Task 1 and the box shows alist of skis and strategies Academic Wailing candidates must use inorder to get a goad math, Maich wach ofthe skills “rnd strategies, AI to one ofthe lour assessment eriteria. Th frst to have heen dane for you, ——_ Skilsandstrategies | peremegugl [fomciig Use incers ap prooitely ee Coase te righ words Content Use he eorestpunctuston Organstion heose words tial yo wll together Vocebalony Include data t sport paints | — Use the ight nse ae ice ry 5 c D E F & Use paray-as anprmpriaey H Provide an averwaw othe intormatior 1 dsewerdsis the corect‘orm 4 Ise complex senences K_Isereference werdsto avod repeiion Ise the right presoscions 1M. Spall words corecty Select the mastimparsrtintamation 0 Use comparative structures corezty P Uso revise words and xprassions Write atleast 60 vorde R._Prasen: information i nga ardor 2 Worcwitha partnes Tngether, disenss tase questions 42 What dr you think ce de most important sklls fora good writer to have? bb Which of the fourertesia do you fine most eilivult when writing fn Figs? '= General rising Wrting ask 1 dal th in Writing Units § and "Exercises tohelp you improve your wrtng in these araas a’ alsa be fund nthe Werkaeok 2 IELTS Writing Task 2 ‘Assessment criteria “Te instructions fo Acedemie and Genera Training Task2 are the sume. You havo ta wis iseursiveossayof 3 east 250 wards, There may te mor than cre pal 1 the tes ‘Asin Task there ara four equally woightec era ad wach one hes up o nine bands, Hoiever, te skis ad ststeses fur content are ferent in Task Dssesenont cen Skilsand statoaios What you mst not do ‘on Showa clear onehenor Wie esthan 20 eres foe tans vies was om |tecnottemeniies —— atdovee Inmsuendcosue te | She ira onves ta ing in Task 2 than in Tas. ‘= Unde Orgentsabor, mare emahasis spaced an para You cannot scare abeve Bara 5 you do nt use any p3ragraphs. Yow enna scare above Bara Bf your parsgraphs do net avo ac ear carta ope. Diherwiae, the stra for Organisation, Grammarand Vocabularyare the same es Task. 3. Work witha partner, Logether, see which of the skllsund strategies (A-R on poge 2) yu ean ald io the able below from your work on Task ‘Assossment Shile and strategies ‘Organisation Thre main supporting ants | Vossbalary | Use fess common vezatulery | | gu of sestence Nes | | 4. Why do you thinkthe markngerieria hrennent ave different in Task 2! 8 rr “= Wliy do I have tointarpret graphic information in Task 1? ® What do! noodta krow? You need to develop a cood understanding af ettarent ‘types of visual data. Collac: some examplas o* graphs, ‘charts and diagrams to help you da ths, / tnepieteg Yue fereeton ere are some examples of the main ypes of cers tablas, graphs and degra that you may {etn ELTS Whiting Task. Mako sure youknow how tointernes trem. Ina bar chert the valu are given lana one axis ara each bar ropresents whet is boing easured along tho other axis, The bars can then be conpared ‘= Crars, tables end groshs present fects, wich re objective nd ute ivalve measurement example, tha bar ener nn the right shows hata aroun o students think about afm they 1a¥e just swen, We can intorpratthe soursteyy as information by saying that hatte siudants peal rat ie de nor by saying that ily percent oe ofthe students oe narite tha fin, We sen ve Ok Tony ie ¥en more specific nd state that fiheen out of Seu oon ‘hay ster do otk ee i ind out some facral information about ‘your class nuembers or your ‘tials und amy. How many of them enjoy taking puts the aetivites shown in the table fon the right? Pucacck (against each | Shaping activity the people ike doing and ties [Painting ‘write the rota in the Jorai eatin, Paying bedninon Listening tomas Writing 1 2 Use the information inthe rable ro make a bar chart, 3. Make some factual statements wi dhe sat Try so use the following steuccures, men Fiteaut often cast Fifty per cent of peonteenioy rescnons A sthd ofthe 4 Now take some general observations using the sarme data. For example: The most The second most popular cetiity is The third most Tie ist The matarigy of A large aumber of ast people enjoy Very few Hardly rey ple chan is arathar way of yresening informatio bt the syns ae always peroetages of a wnole.Tagether thay raprasent 130% 5 Dray the lwaredart on theprevigus Bobs Muse Ste:sales am paeasa pie chan teu {© rad dh Fst cp andthe Fenprove your ei toritnhar, Use the inormation in he moa | pile duit of sales opposite la complete sentences md below. prove your writing Maka sure ye know haw ous par cendand peroetago. + percent cares aera rumber + gercemagecomas ater arts ike mea tis, tha e214 is on receded by an adeesve, 29. hig percantane of costa + Bud! yo wit the prapsitan ut Common erat! Nearby aOpoizentage ofthe beoks were ren: & ‘When iting rutbers or parcerages, ue mores up tame tnbet tee. eh percent ardthen figures. 9, 1Zper cent Howva, auays wre rumgrat is baying of sontencein Worcs eq Twelve percent 1 Accaudirg ta the chact, of ow shupsales are DVDS, 2 Cos eecount for a muck smaller tse 2 While PC games aceon for cofthe store sales the ‘of CDs sold is ony 1. 4 Posters ippresenr tne ‘foods sok Witing 1 7 Dawa pie chan ta show roughly what peresetage of tine you spend an the Zollawing scutes in an average week: wading TY, working. study, sleeping, using the huerret, diy spar, doiag other activites 8 Swap charts with a pariner and lock at what he or sie doesnt un average week, tego. ‘Ot i ‘Write some sentences that deserih2 your partner's chart. ems ther eat ah Dime te Tables prasent information abour diferent categories. Sometimes tables can 3e turned into charts but sometiras tha catogerias are to d erento a tis 9 4 number of secondary schcols in three countries conducted a survey about how ‘heir students travel ta school, Here are the results, ‘Method of eave by % Walking Work with a partner, agethes discuss the s milaites and diftrenees in che ‘able and then say whether you could turn this table into a chart 410 Thesentences below describe the facts inthe table in exercise 8. Camplete the sentences using the informacion inthe table and the words in the box Ast tp. percent onfoct pereertage figures mostleastzommon pooulr baat 1 the earis de reens of anspor for Bris and Austrliat sehooteitdren with of studers in oth countries eting {sche in tis ay. 2 Ircenteastonly cf Singaporean students use cars ad thisishe ‘method of transport there ROEM) 2 There are considerable diffewncesin the for public transport. sort Sor sodng MANO tf shudenis in Singapore use public transport opel hen Ie Buta sre Australie iguees for public iranspoct are owes, being ‘nd respoctivel: 6 Less chan of stutents wallet school in Britain and ‘sustalia, 7 For Singaporeans, walking isthe sooand quaner nf th stents traveling te sehool ‘Guess wt he gases angat be for your wn comnery and add them tothe table In oxereiae 9, Write some sentences comparing the fgunes wiry another country Writing 1 Line graphs show how nfarmation or data ctange overtime, They highlight rand. ‘= The lne raph ante ight shows te charging trandin the level of caraomershipio, Brian. Elogksvory simple = ™ ' bot trmey nb 12 Work witha partner s logether, discuss the Test tip questions, You mast rik Sire yo a Isthe graph about ides ht peoplecrvehisles? = pra oh b Whacdo the numbers $15 A i represent before alongthe horizontal You shart writ ais present: 5 Nonever, you Whatdo the numbers 1 dovet vad to on the vertical axis be ts ots romrescrt? ‘that be oho fr vial the 14 Rest yourstaterentin vo newsentences whiciaduce dese words nd ES phrases 18 Whitea short, merall stement abou car ownership in Britain. bb vera. period between 150-ana 2005 15 Ninw reswrite your wo sentences, aan b, to nchide the number of car awaer, You will have :0 re-erganise your sencences to da this In Task ou will not aivays be asked to intrprefactulinfarmation fom a char able or ‘raph. Younay be ested ta deseibs a diagram which ilustrata a process orwhiah sons haw Something works. You should examina the diagram and ay infation you cen soo carefully You "must make sure you urderstend te diagram befara you write yeur answer 16 Work with a partner agate, lis the questions 2 9 What does the process diagram below show? PONE 3 51 do the artows represent? 3 i © What does the scale arthe side of the diagiaun describe? Nerds bat yo reo to produce your om words, Bich as verbs, the vat to yaaa ‘7 Complete this short destription ofthe diagram by firs choosing the most stitable verb from the ba for eack gap and then putting tin the correct form: vwduwe pass hepoen rs dovelop burn sary] polute — uucure —ralaate = give allow attack ‘This diagram shows how carbon oxide 1 the worlds oceaas. ilions of tons of carbon dios de and ather toxic substances 2 into the air every year fiom the fos Fels thas 3 n our factories, homes and eas, These gases eventually 4 lito the oceans and form a weal acid, which 3 plankton and the shells of marine creatures, causing serious damage, Experts predce that the acd levels of the oceans 6 considerably berween now and 2100. This aappens 100 acidic, nach of the coral and plankton that lve within few decades “Then to organise t of your answer, which NN shuld inl the Ge ates acl ati ‘trondis}. Wratisa trend? Irends are noticeable changes ina situation orinthe way something usually behaves, e.g downloading music trom the Infornetis now much more common than buyirg COs. An overviews an overal summary ofthe information ends ferent fram an introsuction, sahich simply staes what the sagram or ahert siaus, The examiner will expect find an oxoriow as part of your ansiter 0 Task', 4 Vaokat the bar chart and say what information is being shawa, Here are rn descriptions of the overall trend shown in the Ear chart, sa smi Add considerabyta the first sentence and considerable ta the second sentence, ‘What efleet do these words hevet Re-wille the iso sentences abou! tourism in Bri inchiee a refstece ta rime and to the number of tourists in igues, Took at the table below and say whut information is being shown. Write neo seotences which describe the information and provide an overview. ‘Total Number of Japanese Tourists Travelling Overseas 2005, Jul-Aug Sep Oct ord oud Tis etn 142220 1534000 1634800 1502.790 1500700 1 hielo tourists tse murs 1 oor mr is Cr a Nan 383600 1388,700 1.57700 1.250000 1386) Writing 2 Using approp bulary Tho oxamicer wll wait to see that vou know a ange of words to daserie ard intoreret ‘sual infonnation and that you can make precise statements in your answorusie agjatves, avr an phrases 5 Loakat those words and phrases which will help you deseribe tends. aie ‘fall fivncrease —aeraa asuys 2aecine aguett agin ‘orise wial Tone oherosse adres tosuge——adacine worm cod ‘afcctuston— ayarivéf | a pltseu aviraton —sabity | slatwaur Tofucwiate — tostabilse | 0 pelos mos Twshnwan— toshewe Tereachs —toshawsane | wramay | wrench pware ved | eoamwerdione pack Thewaten? | ale’ platoaw torte ovest varaton | constant cplavelat Tore ater out tontstough satay) esceg sharstiv) ‘stoadyly) | relativvill | considerabielably) | the second | sight} t nighest | geri and raatclally) ST santicarthy) ‘emir | lise owe 6 Use che nauns and adjecsives ftom the rable tn help you desesibe the trends in Hine yraphs 2-8, dfSerent varb tod 4 5 6 7 Descrihe each trend again, ris time using the ves sul aeveibs foun eaeteise 5, eg 1 falls sharp 100