THE NAUTILUS 1 17(3):91-9«, 201)3 Paue 91 New and little known speeies of Pseudolividae (Gastropoda from the Tertiaiy of Chile Sven N. Nielsen Daniel Frassinetti (;ciili)'4ist'li-l';ila()iit(>li)pseli('s liisdtiil MllM'i) \;i(l(ili;il (Ic llislDil.l N.ltlirul 1111(1 Muscuiii ( i.iMli.i 7S7 UiiivcrsitUt Ihuiiliuit; Saiitiaiio Biiii(l('sstnissc 55, 2()l4(i Ihiiiilnir^ ciiiLr-: CKHMAW cllrassiiU'tti(«'niuliii.c! iii('lsi'ii@a'()\\iss.mii-lKiiiil)iirsi.(lc AHS'IHACT lippi, 1887), (he .Miocene iisldlliuin ci'p/i (Soweiin. Mm 184fi), which also occurs in Peru, and the Pliocene Tcs- T\M> iiiw species (il I'sciulolixiilar. run icniiciji and Iriiiiii- taUhiiH vsailoniii Nermeij aiul DeN'ries, 1997. pliis iiiriitniliiliiiciisifi. are deserihed and li'j;ured liiini Miocene deposits ol the \a\idad Formation, central (.'liile. Both are StilrchiKiiiiinii i'(1ii\uiii conies Iroin strata near the anions Hie oldest known representatives ot tlu'ir respective village ol Algarrobo 1 l-'ii^^ure I), north ot San Antonio. genera. |ii\enile specimens ol the .Miocene species TcsUiUiuiii Chile. From an interlid.il platloini ol that village. Va)- ccpa iSnwiain. 1846) and the holotxpe of the Eocene Snlrcih- cene and Late ( jclaceoiis sediments are known. Be- iir-i-iiiiim nliiMiiii (Philippi, l.SST) are fisjnred for comparison. cause no material olhei ihan the holot\pe is known, and ()nc ol till' three s\nt\pes oiMaiuiccnix Djiiiiiiiiii lliipe, 1S54. the genus Siilcohiicriniini d'Orbignv, 1850, is known anil the lioiotxpe ol MitiiociTiK hlhUllr lliipe IS5I, holli pre- from the Cainpanian onwartl (Wrmeij, 1998), the age ol \'ioirsK iiinsidrred s\n(Mi\ms ol I'l^liill'iinii icpii arc li'411led lor the species remains unclear. However, N'ernieij (1998) the firsl lime and s\iioii\iii\ is confinned. regarded this species as ol earlv Eocene age. Gastrkliiim rcfiisiim Philippi, 1887. was reassigned to Biiccincrhi'-: Conrad. 18fS5, bv Wrmeij and DeWies (1997), a genus ixriionucTiox later considered to be a SNnion\m ol Siilcobitcciniiin (Wrmeij, 1998), However, the holot^pe of G. irfusiiiu II1C earlirst tlcscriptions ofTertian' ga.stropcids nf (."iiile (Figures 13-14, S(;().PI.7fi5, height 43 nun) has never Will' li\ (I'Orliiiiiu- (1S42). Sowerh\- (lS4(i), lliipe been figured since tin' original drawing was published (1S54), and Philippi (1887). SuliseqiienlK, a major re- In Philippi 1887). The remaining species reported here \Hiesiromn o(i19F6l9i)o.feNiiie'/WPlceoilslteoccteinoenslaomliaMsiwoacseneeoii^daisitcrtoepdod1.)s\ come from (tlie Navidad Formation (Figtu'e 1). from Clliile niatle h\- the senior author ami Klaus Baiulid ABBREXI.ATIONS (Ilaiiil)iir<i, (lernianx) and collections housed in the Mii- seo Xaeional de Historia Natural (Sauti,nj;o, ( diile) made MNHN-IjCi: Mnseiim iial a! d llistoire natniclle. La- li\ the junior author and tlie kite X'ladmiii' (lovaeexnch boratoire de (Geologic, Paris, France. SCO.PL Mnseo (Sautia'j;o, ( 'hile), iuchule a muiiher ol 111idi'suilied spe- Nacional de Historia Natural. Departamento de Paleon- cies, aiuonu; them the tAvo new pseiidolixid speeies de- tologfa de Invcrtebrados, Santiago, (diile. S.MF: Seuck- scribed herein. Tlie lamil\- Psendolixiilae was reeentK' enberg Museum. Fraiikliirl. (icrmanv. revised In N'ermeij (1998) who presented a reevaluation aolndthleosseinltisrpeecliaemsiKa'ndbahsisedcloasnsisfhieclalticonhairsafcotlelroswoeld hReerceeinnt. SYSTEMATK : P\LF,( )N l( )L( )(:V Wrmeij 1998) attributed the lamiK-name Pseiulolixidae Faniilv Pseudolividae de (hcgorio, 1880 in his abs(tract to f'ossmann ( 1901 ' and in the sxstematie (ienus Macron H. and .\ \dams. 1853 section to Fischer (1884'. However, it was dv (irei^orio T\pe Speeies: l\(ii(liilii n krllillii \ .\dams, 1855 = (1880. p. 104) who first introduced this name and the Bufchnini miliu'iis Reeve. lS47i: Receiil, West Mexic(o. lamiK is consequentlv attributed In him .AlthouiJ;h there is a eoiilimioiis psciidnlivul record in Mtiii'on icnnciji new specii'S hSaovuethbe.eAmnerdiecsacrsiibnecde (t\h"eennLeaitje. (1,9'i9(7t.aee1o9i9i8si..lOeiwiKsptehcrieees 1 Figures 7, S, 10, 1 1) Chilean Tertian' species are known Niiiiieii and Di-- Description: Slull medinm-si/.ed, ovate, spire low. V'ries, 1997): the Eocene Sulcoluu t iuiiin rrhiMiin (Phi- cousistni'' ol five lo six whorls, Heitilit-to-witlth ratio Page 92 THE NAUTILUS. \ol. 1 17. No. 3 I'liiger et ak, 2003). The aecoiupanyinggastropod lauua indicates maiulv a sluillow-water environment but .some possible deep-water species are present (Nielsen and l)e\'ries. 2002), such as Xnioplwra piiuliiuiv Nielsen and DeX'ries, 2002. .\ deeji-water enxironnient is also indi- cated b\ bentliic l^'oraminilera. the ostracod a.sseniblage I l''inger et al.. 20031, and the presence ofotoliths ol fish species in the genus Stciiulacliiwria (Noll. 20021. This contrasting evidence mavbe due to slumpingof shallow- water sediments into deeper water, a model supjiorted b\ the presenei' of reworked mudstone clasts. The sed- imentolog\ of these deposits was discussed elsewhere (iMicinas et ak, 2003i. FlMiu)l<>g\: Ncuni'il m honor ol (i. |, \ermeij (Uni- \ersit\ ol (.'alilornia. Da\is. Ceolog)) who contributed 'j;reatK to the knowledge ol tlie Psendolividae. Discussion: .\nother possibK conspecilic specimen is S( i( ).l'l,7(i(i (i''igure 5, height 30.9 nun) from Na\idad. Other species trom tlu' Teitiarx olC^hile resemblingA/«- (;•())/ icnucij are the Eocene Sulc(>l)ucriiiuin rctiisinii. and the Pliocene Tcstalliiiin csciilouiti. Siilcohiicciuitin Figure 1. T\pe localities ofMdcrcii vcnnciji and Triiiinplii rcliisiini has the pseudoli\id groo\e situated high on the iiKiihiiliiliucti.sis and other loealities nientioned in (he text. last whorl and is smooth inside the outer lip. linenHe speeiniens of t'cshillium ccpd i I'ignres 4. (i. 9. 12. both |)art of S(;O.PI.(3714) ol'about the same size as presnm- 1.25. Wlioiis scpaiatcd In nariciw siitiiic. Last wIkiiI aliK adult Macron vcnnciji diller in not having lirae in- large, conijirising Ho7c ol total .slu'll ln'ight, rouiuli'd. side the outer lip. in ha\iug more numerous .spiral ele- con.stricteil hasalK abcnc .siphonal laseiok'. Fseiuiolixid ments Ik4o\\ the pseiidoli\4d groo\e. and in ha\ing the groove situated low on l.ist wliorl. (cnninating in distinct eolumellar callus secreted (jnto lormer whorls, rather lahral tooth. Spiral senlpturc consisting of three eorils than culling deepK into them. Most ol the larger spec- below pseiRlolixid groo\e and \v\\ lain! threads ahtnf. imens ol 'icsliiUinm ccpa (Figures 2, 3, part of locial sculpture absent except lor laint growth lines. Pro- S(;O.Pl..')714. height l(i nmi) ha\'e additional spiral <>l- toconch iniknowii. Outer lip [)lanar. .Vnterior notch pre- eiuents above the pseudolivid groove and a more glo- sent. I'elleeted as groove inside last quarter ol last whorl. bose aiipearance, characters that are even more promi- Interior ol outer lip lirate. C.'oluniellar callus cutting ni'ut in adults, 4lie I'liocene Tcstalliuni cscalonia has a deepK in(o loinier whorl, having two weak tokls at en- liighei' spire. sli"on<j;er spiral sculpture and no lirae inside trance to siphonal canal. (jilninella with t^\() weak tokls (lie outer lip. at entrance lo siphonal canal. Siplional laseiole jironii- 4'lie spue niMiiiTiin icnnciji is relati\el\ nuieh lower nent, lionnded al)o\e li\ keel. Vnterior noleli deep, no than lli.it ol .iii\ previousK known species ol Miicnni nniliiliens. (height-to-width r.itio 1.25 in M. unnciji compared witii T\pe Material: ilolotvpe Sr.O.PL598S (height 24 1.9 to 4.1 in other species) anil its last whorl is relatively nun. width UJ niiii'. paral\])e S(;().PI..'571-4 (height 22.5 larger (S3'7f of total shell height compared with (iS to iniU; togetlierwith nine jn\enile speeiniens ol Tcsltilliilin 7I'( ill olhei' species) so that the diagnosis of the genus ccjHi). EarK' late Miocene i Tortonian). \a\idad l''orina- ij;iveii b\ \<'iineij ( 199(S) must be emended to include tioii. this species. Macron icnnciji extends the geographic distribution Type L^)c•alit^ (Figure 1): \l)(int one kilonieler north ol the othenvise strictlv northern Pacific gemis Macron oxi(elNahditEaonr/naisa.tiC'ohuiie(.seeEaFrrKasslianteettMiioacnednOen(aTcoertvoincihan)(,19N9a3-) ciinetso tohfeMsaocutrhoenastaenrdn tPhacuisficc.losItelivs trheeselomwbelsets-.s.psijireecdie.sspoel- lor more details on the localit\). I'scnilolira Swainson, IS40, from wliieli it mainly dillers Occurrence: Siiecinieiis ol lln' new species ol Mncniii l)\ liie III,lie interior ol its onler lip. It is nol onlv inler- were collected on an intertidal platlorni aboni 1 km mediate iii slieil-h)riii but also comes Irom ,iii area gi'o- north of the \illage ol Matau/.as as described b\ I'las graphicallv belween the iiiamlv northeast Pacific .\/r/er()/i sinetti and OAiicevich (1993) and from a lossil-bearing and the .South .Mrican t'scndolira These genera have letis about 2 ni higher in the section. That lens, however. their origins in the (lower) Miocene of Ncne/nela (Ma- \va.s severelyeroded the lollowing\ear It has been dated cron: (ubson-Smith et ak. I997i and Madeir.i il'scudo- as Tortonian (n|)|)er Miocene! based on i'"orarninih'ia lira: \erniei|, I99S). S. N. Nielsen and D. Frassinetti, 2003 Pa,^e 93 Figures 2-12. PsiMiddlixldac linm llic- N.inkLuI l-'niiii.iliini. 2—4, (i, 9, 12. Trslulliiiiii rijin (Sowciin. 1S4(-)I. 2, .3. \(liill s|H'c-iiiit'n SC;O.P1..37l4, hcK^lit 46 iiiiii. 4, ». lii\(iiilc spi'cinifii S(;O.PI.3714. Iicijjlit 2(1.3 iiiiil fi, 12. |iivcnllcspcciTin-ii S(;0.n.3714. height 23.5 nun. 5. 7, S, 10, 11. Miuinii iriniiiji new species. 5. el. Macron el. vi'miciji plaslei easi of S(;().PI.7(i(i. hei<Thl .30.9 nnn (phi.to ei.nrtesN ofT. J, DeWies. 7, 10. Fanitxpe SCO,IM,3714, hei'.;ht 22.3 nini. S, 11. IhiKilxpe S(U) I'l .39SS. Iiei<;hl 24 nnn.) Page 94 THE NAUTILUS, \'o\. 117, No. 3 Fijijurcs 13-20. I'scndoluidac Irorii the CliilcMii Tcr(i;ii-\-. 13, 14. Siilcohiicciiium rcliisiiin ,I'liilippi. ISS7K llolotvpc.S(;(XPI.Vfi5. hcisilit l.'i mill. I(), 19. 'rhntiipliis iiHiilriilrtliuciisis sp. no\. Il<)l()l\pr SCOM'l ."5523. lici<j;lif 29 iiiiii, 15, 17, 1<S, 20. Tcsl/illiuiii rcpd (,So\vfii)v, 1S46). 15, 17. S\w{\-\m- i){Monoccros opwiuin lliipr, l's.")l, \l\ll\ I C (;.42()()27(1, liri<;lil r,S IS, 20. Ilolohpcof Monocems lahialc llupr, rS54. MMIX-I.C (;n2()()2/71. licisjlit SO iiiiil - S. \. Xii'lsfii and D. Frassinetti. 2()(« 'am^ 95 (iciiiis Tc^ldlliiiiii \criiicij and OiAVies. H)i)i Occurrence: Thi' new species ol i'riinnjiliis was col- lected about 500 m south ol Fsleio .Maileulahue to the T\pt' Spi'C'it's: Ciislliiiiiiin ccpa SowciIin, IS4fi: Mio- uorlli ol liio llapel ial the uppei' margin ol l''i'j;ure 1). cene. (.'Inle. 'I'liis sp(^'cific localitv has not been ilated, but nearbv lo- calities intlicate a Tortonian (np[)i'r .Miocene) age (Fin- TcstaUiniH cijtd iSii\\it1i\. lS4(ii ger et ak, 2003). (Fitinics 2^, H. 9. 12. 15. IT. IS. 20) Etymoloj5\: Named alter the (\\tv localitv near the Discussion: TcsttiUinm ccpa lia.s lieen di.scn.ssed in ilc- I'^steio .Maitenlahue. (^Inle. tail li\ \ernieij ami DeWies (1997) and it i,s present at Discussit)n: iniunphi\ has been included m the 1am- most Miocene localities Iroin sontliein Peru (DeWies ilv Buccinidae Hafines(|ne. 1S15 bv most woikers (e.g. a(Fnrda.ssFirnaeststiin.et2ti0.01lii)ia)n^\d taohnInsdlaanSttoiknest,hesoNuat\hierdnad(lFl-i'iolie- dKoeleinv.ida1e97a1ni).lbtuhtisWirsnifeoliljow(e1d99-hSe)ret,ra.n\spfaerrtretdronitittohePs\e\uv-- niation. IIo\\e\er. jn\i'nile specimens (Fit^ures 4. fi, 9, cent tvpe species. Trhunphi\ ilisUirln. onlv one poorlv nnL1oCo2c1;cfchCnai;i,\wsii)';lo2anp(h)oii0fti2in/l7biu0en:ielhnlenHipfugeiph.getu.r15SeSd5148an5nm(4diF)i(tgFhuaierngedutslrute'IhseSe.e1h2s5o0\.;lnot1Mt\7\;pNpeeHMsNNooff-H'AALN//ooG--- pT(MrrAiideoudsiciiecetrponvlteeitid,sols(1l9piK7se0elco)rii.inmfTier(nii,un'nooibulnpetliv'i.rnihgsi(ici'iioanKnphilsiiiotlicrrsiuiiiclsatdple,ihdiaiIsbcrnesobikmsemedtnihftefhreeernpsiroiifrtirkltlgoelemde- (:g20()2/71; height SO mm), put into s\non\ni\' with 7e.v- like shoulder, m having subetjual spiral oinanieiit. and liilliiiiii ccpa h\ X'ermeij and DeWies (1997). were nn- in having a well-defined siphonal canal. It dikleis from av.iil.llile at th.it time Iiecanse the loeadon ol the colk'C- species ol tlu' similar genus Xicciiui Woodriiig. 19(i4. bv tion tlescrihed In 1M1iiN[HH'Nw-asLGunknown, l\edisco\en ol having its ridge-like shoulder as .tn exterioi" projection of Ilupe's t\pes in the allows us lo figure those the posterior notch at the suture and not below the specimens lierein, confirming the inlerretl s\iK)n\ni\. notch and sutui'e. Xiii'iiid v\as (.'onsiilered to lielong to .According to new tlata its stratigraphic range is lower- the Imccinid snblamilv Photinai- Troschek 1S67. In \'er- most (DeN'ries and Frassijietti. 2003) to upper Miocene meij (199S). Tiiiiiiiphi.s nuiitcnldliiicnsis could be an in- (Finger et ak. 2003). termediate species between T tlistoild and tlu' genus Niccnui: hov\'(ner. as Wrmeij 199S) adecjuati'lv ob- ( (ieiius rriiiiiijilii\ (u'a\, 1S57 sened, "anatomical data and molecular se([uences will be needetl to confirm the phvlogenetic affinities of T>pe Species: Biicciiiuiii ili\Uu1iini Wood. 1S2S: He- niuiupltis" (p. 73). and "anatomical obsenations on the cent. ('aril)hean Sea. living .\ \uliri>\lrdld will be needi'd to confirm assign- ment of \icciiiii to the Photinae" (p. 74). iiiiuHj>lu\ iiiiiilciiliiliiicii^i.s new spi'cies (Figures IH. 19) ACKN()\\I.F1)(;.MENTS Dcscrijition: Sliell motlerateh large with stepped Klaus iiaudel is thanked tor discussions and companion- whorl prcjKle. Protoconch unknown. Whorls with steep, ship in the fielil. S. Kiel for connnents on an earlv ilratt ahnost straight. sliglitK concaxe sides. Fast whorl with of the manuscript, and E. X'inx for taking some of the strong, riilge-like shonlder. Whorl slightK constricted photographs (all Cieologisch-Paliiontologisches Institut helow slioulder. forming a concave area lollowed In'con- und Museum, liniversitat Hamburg. Germanvl. .\lan G. vex, globose region. Whorl anteriorlv constricted and lien (Lov\er Hntt. New Zealand! mack' vei"\' valuable thus well defining short. slightK tvvisted sijihonal canal. conuiients including those ol a linguistic nature. Piiilippe Broad. Hat piiman spiral eoids jiresent on whole whoil. Bouchet coufiiined attribution ol Pseuck)livic!ae to de U\n to three finer secondan cords betvs'een them. .\.\ial (Jregorio. ('omments bv T. DeXiies and two anonv sculpture of low. binnt nodes between suture and pe- mons revieweis are gratefullv] ackmnvledged. This work ripheiy present on earK whorls, becoming obsolete on w.is fin.inci.iliv supported bv tlie Deutsche Forscliungs- last whorl, .\perture o\al. cohmiella sn th with weak gemeinschaft (DFG) grant Ba 675/25. a grant of tlie lold at opening ol siphonal eanak ()ntei lip unknown. Universitv of Ham!)urg and a COLPARSYST-grant to Siphonal lasciole strongK developed. Psendoumbilicus stuck the collections in |-'aris. lonned bv lasciole and inner lip might be an artifact caused In eiosicju. Height 29 nun. LITERATI' CITED BJ-. Tvpc Material: llok.lvpe S(;(),P1.5523. Type Locality (Figure I): Ivnlv late .Miocene iTor- Adilicott, \\ (), 15)70 Miocene gastro]iotls and liiostratii^raphv 5to0n0ianml.soXuatvhidoaldtkh'eorrIi'i.asttieoron.M.a\ittetnhelahcouaes,lai<:ltnllitef taobotuh<t' Cossi1ii1ci1aallnlnSi.cunKMec.ivii19I'0lr1ii.nileerFssssairoacii'isaa.ldOcPaalpiIk'eiarrlre(iiiii4ac2.o:ncLl1'il-oi1li7ot4tc^d.icSt(a.t'eosiii(piaeroecl'oij4.- north ol' Hio Rapel. at loialitv 14097(S.4 ok (jivacevicli l^aris. .\!. (^iissiiiann. 29.) pp. and Fra.ssinetti (19Sfi). Ginacevicli, \'. ami iJ. Frassincttr UJSh. ['A 'rywcro ('diiccllnriii Paw 96 THE NAUTILUS, \ol. 117, No. 3 en el .Mioceno de Chile eon deseiipeion de enatri) espe- genera Macron (Pseudoli\idae) and Scorapaua (Murici- eies nue\a.s (Gastropoda: Caneeliariidae). Hevista (Jeolo- daei from the Cantaure Formation (EarK Miocene) of gica de Chile 2S-29: 3:3-67. \eue/uela. The \eliger40: 358-363. do Gregorio, A. ISSO. Fauna di San (Jitnanni llarionc (I'arisi- llcnii I) 1969. .Marines Plioziin mid Pleistoziin in Nord- und anoi. Parte 1(1), Palermo, i-x.v\iii. I III) \lillrl-Cliile unter hesonderer Ueriicksichtigung der En- d'Orhiilnx, .\. D. 1S42. \'o\age dan.s l.-Vniericjue iiicrididnalr. Iwicklmig der Mollusken-Fanuen. Zilteliana 2: 1-159. \ol. 3. Part 4. Paleontologie. Paris, 187 pp. llupe, II. 1854. .Malacologia \ con(|niliologfa. In: C. Gav (ed.) De\lies, T. J. and D. Frassinetti. 2003. Range extensions and llistoria h'sica \ poli'tiea di' Chile. \'ol, 8 and .\tlas (Zool- hiogeographie iniplieations ol Chilean Neogeiie niollnsks ogfal. Mauldi' et Kenou. Paris, 449 pp. found in Peru. Boleti'n del .Vluseo Naeioiial de llisloiia Keen. .\. M 1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America: Ma- Naturid de Chile 52: 119-135. rine Mollnsks Irom Baja California to Peni. Second edi- Eneinas, A., K. Finger. S. Nielsen, M. Suarez. O. Peterson .uid lion Stanford Uni\ersitv Press, Stanford, 1064 pp. ]. Le RoiLx. 2003. Evoluei6n tectono-sedinientari:i de l.i Nielsen, S. N. and T. J. DeWies. 2002. Tertiar\ Xenophoridae Cuenea Neogena de Na\idad (3.3°4()' S-.34°15' SI, Chile (Gastropoda! ol western South .\nierica. The Nautilus eentral. 10" Congreso Ceologieo Chileno. 2003. Concip- 116: 71-78. eion. Chile. Noll 1). 2002. Fossil record and p.ileobiogeograpln ol Slciii- Finger. K.. D. Peterson, .-\. Fneinas and S. Nielsen. 2003. Mi- ildrliiwria (Pisces. Gadilormes). ('ourier Forsclunigs-ln- erolaunal indieations ol late Mioeene deep-water l)asins stilnt Senckenlierg 237: 89-95. off the eentral coast ol Chile. 10" Congreso (Jeologieo I'hilippi, H .\, 1887. Die tertiiiren nud (juartiireu X'ersteine- Chileno. 2003. Coneepeion. (Iiile. rungiii Chiles. F. .\. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 266 pp. Fiseher, P. 1884. Manuel de (^onelnliologieel de p.ilc cmtologie So\\crl)\. C B.. 1. 1846. Descriptions ol Tertian' fossil shells eonelnliologiqne on histoire natnrelle des inollns([ues \i- Irom South .America, p. 249-264. .Appendix to C. Darwin, vants et I'ossiles. Faseieule \'II. Paris. F. Saw. (109-688. Geological ohsenations on South .America. Smith. Elder Frassinetti, D. 2001. Molnseos l)i\al\()S \ sastropmlos del Mio- 6v' ('o.. fjondon. ceno niarino de Isla Stokes, Snrde (,'hile. Bolelin del .Mn- N'eiineij. G. |. 1997. Decline and contraction; the histon ol the .seo Nacional de llistoria Natural de Chile .50: 73-90. relictnal gastropod laiiiiK l\cU(loli\iclae. (leohios.30:997- F"rassinetti, D and \'. Co\ace\ich. 1993. BixaKos ik'l Mioceno 1002. de Matanzas (Formacion Navidad, Chile Central). Boleti'n \ermeij, C. |. 1998. Generic revision ol the neogastropod lam- del Mnseo N:K'ional de llistoria Natnnil de (liile 44: 7.3- il\ l\eu(loli\i(lae. The N:uitiliis III: .5.3-84. 97. Wrnieij, (i. I .md T |. I)e\ries. 1997. Taxonomic remarks on Cihson-Sinith. |.. W. (lihson-Siuilh and (i. |. \enneij. 1997. (^eno/oic pseudolixid gastrojioils Irom South .\meriea. Pacific Mexican alfinities ol new species ol the gastropod The \Vliirer40: 2.3-28.'