OXFORD WORLD'S CLASSICS OXFORDW ORLD'CSL ASSICS NATURATLH EOLOGY WILLIPAAMEL Yw asb orinnP eterboirn1o 7u4gH3hi. sfa thewra sa clergwyhmoba enc aamh ee admaIsn1t 7e5rh9.ew enttoC hriCsotl'lse ge, Cambriwdhgeehr,eew ons cholaarnspdhr iipzasen gsdr, a duaasSt eendi or Wrangtlhbeeer ss,tt u doefhn iytse ianrt hper estmiagtihoeumsca otuircsael. Hew aosr daidneeadci on1n 7 6a6n,ed l ecatf eedlo lfoh wic so llTehgeer.e withhifr si eJnodh Lna wh eu ndertteoaockhe isnpge,co ifma olrlpayhl i l­ osopIhny1 .7 7L5a wfa'tsh eErd,m unBdi,s hoofCp a rloiffselrePe,ad l ey ap osatsav icIan1r 7.7h 6el eCfatm briadnmgdae r,r JiaenHdee wiItn1t 7.8 5 hep ubliTshhPeer di ncoifMp olreaasln Pdo liPthiciallo sboapshoeyndh, i s Cambrildegcet Iutrs eoslv.de rwye laln,md a dhei nsa maesa c leaanrd acceswsriibtHleewer a .ps r omottobe eAd r chdeoafCc aornl Iin1s 7l9eh1.i s widfiee lde,a vhiinwmgi tehi gchhti ltdobr reinun pga, n idn1 79h5em arried CatheDroibniena ssho isnse cownidfT eh.em yo vetdoB ishWoepa rmoau th, well-enpdaorwiweshdhe h,re es petnhtre e osfht i lsi fe. Palpeuyb liEsvhieddeo nfCc hersi stiin1a 7n9ia4tn yid rt a pibdelcyaa m e clasdseiaclw,ii nttghhfu el filmoefpn rto phmeicrya,ac nltdeh sre,e liaobfi lity thBei bNlaet.u rTahleo laopgyp eairn1e 8d0A 2s.a c lasstsaitc eomfte hnet argumfoerin ntt eldleisgiiegwntnat ,as h ugseu ccaensadsm ,a jsopru tro CharDlaersw itnh'isn kPianldgei.yei dnL incion1l 8n0 5. MATTHEDW.E DDiYsL ectuirnte hHrei staonrPdyh ilosoofSp chiye nce anadn a ssoocfit haCete en tforrte h Hei stoofMr eyd icainnDdei seaatts hee UniveorfDs uirthya Hmeh. a mso srte cehnetlfldey l loawtst hhDieip bsn er Insti(tMuItTHe)a ,r vaUrndi vertshiMeta yxP, l anIcnks tifotrtu htee HistoofrS yc ie(nBceer lainndw) i,tt hh Uen iverosfNi ottyrD ea me's ErasmIunss tiHteuh tawesr. i tntuemne raorutsi ocnle eisg hteaenndt h- nineteentihn-tceelnlhteiucsrttyMuo oarslyrt .e cehneth layes d it(ewdi th DavMi.dK nigShcti)ea nncBdee liFerfio:Nm a tuPrhaill ostooNp ahtyu ral Scie1n7c0e0-,1 90(02 00a5nhd)e i sc urrewnrtiltayib nogoo knt hien ter­ actiboent wemeend icpihniel,o saonpdgh eyo,l iongE yn lightenment Edinburgh. DAVIMD.K NIGHiTEs m eriPtruosf eosfts hHoeir s taonrPdyh ilosofo phy Scieanttc hUeen iveorfDs uirthyaH meh. a esd ittheBedr itJiosuhrfo nrat lh e HistoofrS yc ieanncesd,e rvaesPd r esiodfte hnBetr itSioschifo ertt yh e HistoofSr cyi eInn1c 9e9.a7 n 1d9 9h8ew aasw arpdreidbz yet shT ee mple­ toFno undafotrih oicnso urosnSe c ieanncdRe e liignit ohnne i neteenth centaunridyn2 , 0 0h3er ecetihvAeem de riCchaenm iScoacli eEtdyel'sst ein AwarfodrH istoofrC yh emisHtehr ayps.u blinsuhmeedr woourskh si;s single-abuotoihknoscr leAudtd oema sn dE leme(n1t9s6 T7h)eN, a tuorfe Scie(n1c9e7O 6r)d,e rtihWneog r (l1d9 8T1h)Aeg, eo fS cie(n1c9e8N 6a)t,ur al ScieBnocoeki snE ngli16s0h0-,1 90(01 98S9c)i,ei nnct ehR eo manEtrai c (199a8nS)dc ,i eanncSdep irit(u2a0l0i4t)y. OXFORD WORLD'S CLASSICS For over IOO years Oxford World's Classics have brought readers closer to the world's great literature. Now with over 700 titles-from the 4,000-year-old myths ofM esopotamia to the twentieth century's greatest novels-the series makes available lesser-known as well as celebrated writing. The pocket-sized hardbacks of the early years contained introductions by Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, Graham Greene, and other literary figures which enriched the experience of reading. Today the series is recognized for its fine scholarship and reliability in texts that span world literature, drama and poetry, religion, philosophy and politics. Each edition includes perceptive commentary and essential background information to meet the changing needs of readers. OXFORD WORLD'S CLASSICS WILLIAM PALEY Natural Theology or Evidence of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, collected from the appearances of nature Edited with an Introduction and Notes by MATTHEW D. EDDY and DAVID KNIGHT OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD VNIVERSPIRTEYS S GreCalta reSntdroeOnex tfo,ro dx 26 DP OxforUdn ivePrrseiistassyd epartomfte hnUetn iveorfOs xifotryd . Itfu rthtehrUesn iverosbijteyco'tfesi x vcee lilnre ensceeas rcchho,l arship, anedd ucabtypi uobnl iwsohrilndgiw ni de OxforNde wY ork AucklCaanpdTe o wnD aersS alaHaomn Kgo nKga rachi KuaLluam puMra drMiedl bouMrenxeiC ciotN ya irobi NewD elShhia ngThaaiipT eoir onto Witohffi ceisn ArgenAtuisntaBr riaazC ihliC lzee Rcehp ubFlriacnG cree ece GuatemHaulnag aIrtyaJ layp aPno laPnodr tuSgianlg apore SouKtohr eSaw itzeTrhlaainldTa unrdk Uekyr aiVniee tnam Oxforidas r egisttrearmdeaedr o kfO xforUdn ivePrrseistsy int hUeK a nidnc ertoatihcneo ru ntries Publiisnth heUedn itSetda tes byO xforUdn ivePrrseiIstnsycN .e,wY ork Editomraitae©lr M iaatlt hDe.Ew d dayn Dda vKindi g2h0t0 6 Them orrailg ohftt hsae u thhoarvbsee eans serted DatabraisgOehx tfo rUdn ivePrrsei(stmsya ker) Firpsutb liassah nOe xdfo rWdo rlCdl'ass psaipcesr 2b0a0c6k Alrli grhetsse rNvope adro.tft hpiusb licmaatybi ero enp roduced, stoirneard e trsiyesvtaoelrtm r,a nsmiinat ntfoyer dmo, rb ya nmye ans, withtohupetr ipoerr misisnwi rointo ifOn xgfo rUdn ivePrrseistsy, ora se xprepsesrlmyib tylt aeowdr,u ndteerr amgsr eweidtt hha ep propriate reprogrraipghohirtcgssa niEznaqtuiiocrnoi.ne cse rrneipnrgo duction outstihdseec oopfte h aeb osvheo ublesd e nttot hRei ghDtesp artment, OxforUdn ivePrrseiastttsy h, ae d draebsosv e Yomuu snto cti rctuhlbaiotsoe ik na noyt hbeirn doircn ogv er anydo muu sitm potshesi asm ceo ndiotnai noaync quirer BritLiisbhrC aartya loignPu uibnlgi cDaattiao n Dataav ailable LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa liongP iunbgl icDaattiao n PalWeiyl,l i1a7m4,3 -1805. Natutrhaelo :le ovgiydeofnt cheeex istaennadct et riobftu htdeee sic toyl,l efcrtotemhd e appearoafnn acteu/sWr iel lPiaalm;ee yd iwtietdah ni ntrodauncndto itobenys MatthDe.Ew d dayn Dda vKindi ght. p.cm. Inclubdiebsl iogrreafpehriecnacle s. 1.N atutrhaelo lIoEg.dy d.My a,t th1e9w7,2 I-IK.n igDhatv,Mi .d IITIi.t le. BLl83.2P030562 IO-dc22020 5026316 TypeisnEe htr hardt byR efineCLaitmcihtB eudn,gS auyff,o lk. PrinitnGe rde Barti tbayi n ClaLytsd S.tI, v eplsc ISB0--N1 9-280598748--0---139 -280584--3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Weo ffers pae ctihaalnt kots hm ea ny studceonltlse wahagonu de s encouruastg oep du rstuheip sr ojpeacrtt,i ctuol atrhloys e who respotnood ueirdn ietmiaaillt she eai rsnlt ya ogfe so ur arneds earch tot hfoel lowsicnhgo lars wchoon soiffdmeeorrreasadbul lp ep ort anadd viJcoehH:n.B rooGkeeo,ff Nr.eC ya ntBoertR,ha inReoyg,e r NorrJiosn,a tThoapnh aAmi,l eFeynfeW ,i llHi.aB mr ocPke,t er JB.owlAenrd,r eas-RoigEe.Jr o nMaatLehohawlneSe ,i, m oPn. JameAsn,d rPeaanst azMaotmomvseo, Sn y doSwt,e pWh.eS ny kes, PauMlu rrCaoyl,Gi .nC rowdReorbI, l iAffnet,h oGnrya fAtnonn, BlaainrAd,l isMtcaGirra Rtehs.o uarncfuden sd fosr o ur research wergee nersouupsplblyyi eUtdnh iev eorfDs iurthya tmh,De i bner Instfoirtt uhHteie s toSrcyi eotnfhcM eea ,xP lanIcnks tfoirtt uhtee History otfhR eoS tcaiIrenynt ceer,nA amtbiaosnsaalSd cohroilaalr s PrograPmrmien,c Tehtoeolno gSiecmailn arUyn,i vtehroesf ity Edinbulrigbhrs'aysrs yt( etmSh pee cCioalll ecDteipoanrsta mnednt NewC ollege LibrHaarryv)Ua nraidnv edLr istbihrtesay yr syt em (e spectihaHeli llLyli ebsr wahriyc,h parg orvaiptdhieosdt oocfopy thfier setd itoifoN na turTahle olFoignya)ol.ul rty h,a nakrse extendDeidm ittGorr iiogso rowphoogu rlaocsi,to ruasnlsyal lalted LatainndG reeqku otattioGo enosff,rS ecya rwrheo, lueshn its perscoonpaoylJf o hRna yT'hsWe i sdoofGm o (dL ond1o7n1,a4 n)d, toD icWka tswohno, rtehdaerd a offtt h ien trodauncmdta idoen helpsfuulg gesfotrii tiosmn psr ovement. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Introduction ix Note on the Text XXX Select Bibliography xxxii A Chronology of William Paley xxxvi NATURAL THEOLOGY I Appendix: Further Reading Explanatory Notes This page intentionally left blank INTRODUCTION Bucta tnh ebreae n pye rs.o.wn.h oc acno nstihdreee rg ular movemeonftt hhsee avbeondliyte hpser, e sccroiubreosdfte hse staarnssd,e h eo wa lills inaknebddo unidn ats oi nsgylset em, antdh edne ntyh tahte irasen c yo nscpiuorupisont s heai nssd a y thiaittts h weo rokfc hance? MarcTuusl lCiiucse( r1o0 6B---e4D)3e,N atuDreao rum [T]Ahlem igdhitsyc omvoerorefhs iW si sdionfom r misnugca h vasmtu ltiotfud dieff erseonrottf Cs r eataunrdae lswl,i th admiraanbidlr er eprAorvttah,ba ilnfe hh eac dr eabtuaetfe d w ; fort hdiesc ltahrgeer se atanneudsn sb ouncdaepda ocfih tiys Understanding. JohRna yT,hW ei sdoofGm o d( 1691) AB riHeifs tooNfra yt uTrhaelo logy NatuTrhaelo liotsgh ype r acotfii ncfeer rtihneg existence and wis­ domo fG odfr omt hoer daenrbd e auotfy wt ohreWl idl.l Piaalmie sy sos troindgelnyt wiifitnehad t utrhaelo ltohgahyte is sometimes thoutgohh atv ien veinwtth eedhn ep ubliNsahteudTr haelo liong y 1802fa.c tnI,an t utrhaelo lhoaags y l hoinsgt gooriybn,ag c k well beforteht ei meJ eosfTu hsu.s i,np hilosoofrp ehlyi cgoiuorns es todsatyu deanrtteas u gthhtat th earrete h ree different kinds of arguments tdheamto nsstethereka teetx oi sGtoedcn:oc sem oo­f logitcealle,o laongodin ctaoll,oT ghiefic ratslwt.ho a vbee eanr ound sintcheae n ciGernetew khsi,tl hele a wsatms o sctl eaforrlmyu lated byA nseolfCm a nteribnu retylh eev ceenntthTu hrecy o.s mological argumheonlttd hsat thw eo rladn,de veryitnhi itdn,eg p enond s sometfohrii ntegsx istTehni'csse .o metmhuisbntegG 'o dS.o me formosf atrhgeu mgeon te ven anfudsr attyhh eatrth p eh ysical causoepse raitni nntgah teu wroarll( cdo swmoesrs)et arbtyae d divfiirnsect a u(sGeo adt)s ompeo intth peia nsT th.et eleological argumheonltd st htneha attuw roarallp dp etaohr asvb ee edne signed, orc reabtyea d ,d essiogmnfoeer rm;os f t haer gumenatffi raml so thatthw eo rwladcs r eattose edr svoem e osfdo irvti inneslpyi red en(dt elTohseo) n.t olaorggiucmahelon lttd hsae tx istence is entailed byt hceo ncepGto d-omafo vweh icihn heraesnstulmtyeh sa t