NATURAL PRODUCTS Essential Resources for Human Survival TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk NATURAL PRODUCTS Essential Resources for Human ~ ~ editors Yi-Zhun Zhu Benny K-H Tan Boon-Huat Bay National University of Singapore Chang-Hong Liu Nanjing University, China World Scientific - - MEW JERSEY LONDON * SINGAPORE * BElJlNG * SHANGHAI * HONG KONG TAIPEI * CHENNAI Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office; 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. NATURAL PRODUCTS Essential Resources for Human Survival Copyright 0 2007 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereoj may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN-13 978-981-270-498-6 ISBN-10 981-270-498-1 Printed in Singapore by Mainland Press Chis book is lovingly dedicated to our Children Julia andLinda zMU Woel and Wig e l' BAY 'BamzaGas, 'Beatrice, Bernice adsernad'ine l2.N Nin LIU for their constant understanding and encouragement in all our endeavours Id TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk vii Contents Foreword Note from the Editors Phytonutrients - The Natural Drugs of the Future .............................. 1 Tracy Gibbs Research on the Supercritical CO, Extraction of Xinyang MaoJian Tea .............................................................................. 27 Liu Zhongdong, Yang Jing, Liu Peng, Chen Zhaotan and Meng Qinghua Applications of RNAi Technology .................................................. 3 5 Daina Lim, George W Ep and Boon-Huat Bay Enhancing Bioactive Molecules in Medicinal Plants .......................... 45 M Z Abdin Biotransformation of Taxanes from Cell Cultures of Tmus sp ......... 5 8 Jungui Dai, Dean Guo, Masayoshi Ando and Lin Yang Biotransformation of Terpenes and Steroids by Fungi ...................... 7 1 Paul B Reese Rapid Analysis of Triterpenoid Saponins in Plant Extract Using ESI-MS" and LC-MS" 77 ............................................................................................................ Bin Li, Zeper Abliz, Meijun Tang, Guangmiao Fu and Shishan Yu HPLC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Constituents of PhyZZanthus Amarus ..................................................................................... 8 1 Guangying Chen, Guoyuan Zhu, Guoying Li and Wangfun Fong Structure Elucidation of Norditerpene Alkaloids from Ranunculaceae Species .............................................................. 8 5 Peter Forgo, Kutalin E Kovkr and Judit Hohmann Quantitative Detection of Isoflavones in the Extract of Red Clover by HPLC/ESI-MS ................................................ 101 Zhang Guifeng, Liu Tao and Su Zhiguo ... Vlll Contents Measurement of Bioactive Constituents in Traditional Chinese Medicines by CE with Electrochemical Detection ...................... 109 Gang Chen and Xiaohong Chen Chemical Constituents of Aegiceras corniculatum ....................... 127 Zhang Daojing, Zhang Si, Wu Jun and Yang Jin Norditerpenoids from the Soft Coral Nephthea chabroli ............... 134 Wei-Hun Zhang, Kevin Pan and Chun-Tao Che The Metabolites of the Mangrove Fungus Xylaria sp (2508) ........ 142 Zhi-gang She, Yong-cheng Lin, Zhi-yong Guo, Xiong-yu Wu and Yan Huang Phytochemical Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulations Using HPTLC ................................................................................... 149 Milind S Bagul and M Rajani Application of Chromatographic Fingerprint to Quality Control for Clematis chinensis ............................................................ 177 Zhi Zeng and Jiuwei Teng The Bioactive Pigments from Marine Bacteria Pseudomonas sp .... 18 8 Hou-Jin Li, Wen-Jim Lan, Chuang-Hua Cai, %Pin Zhou and Yong-Cheng Lin Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Sponges .......................... 195 Shixiang Bao, Biwen Wu and Huiqin Huang Anti-Inflammatory and Neurotrophic Alkaloids fi-om Higher Plants and Fungi ....................................................................... 206 Matthias Hamburger Effects of Bovine Kidney Heparan Sulphate and Shark Cartilage Chondroitin-6-Sulphate on Palatal Fibroblast Activities ............. 223 George W Ep, Xiao-Hui Zou, Weng-Chiong Foong, Tong Cao, Boon-Huat Bay and Hong- Wei Ouyang Inhibition ofAflatoxin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus Flaws by Phenolic Natural Products ........................................................ 23 1 Russell J Molyneux, Noreen Mahoney, Jong H Kim and Bruce C Campbell Cont ents ix Effects of the Cultured Cordyceps Exopolysaccharide Fraction (Epsf) on Some Parameters of Mouse Immune Function In Evo and In Etro ................................................................ 252 Wei-yun Zhang, Jin-yu Yang, Jia-ping Chen, Pei-hua Shi and Li-jun Ling Lactobacillus rhamnosus Induces Differential Anti-proliferative Responses and Interleulun-6 Expression Levels in SV-40 and Malignant Uroepithelial Cells .............................................. 25 9 Eng-Jing Yong, Ratha Mahendran, Yuan-Kun Lee and Boon-Huat Bay Cruciferous Vegetables and Chemoprotection- ARole of ITC-Mediated Apoptosis ......................................................... 267 Peter Rose Tanshinone I and Tanshinone IIA from Salvia Miltiorrhiza Inhibit Growth of K1735M2 Murine Melanoma Cells via Different Pathways ................................................................... 285 Zhenlong Wu, Eng Yung, Ruolin Yang, Guoliang Xia, Liping Xie and Rongqing Zhang New Pesticidal Compounds from Limonoids ................................. 296 Trevor H Yee Insecticidal Properties ofAnacardiurn Occidentale L. .................. 3 12 Shamima A Parveen, Masaru Hashimoto, Nurul Islam, Toshikatsu Okuno and M Khalequzzaman Antibacterial Effect of Extracts fiom Persimmon Leaves ................. 324 Li-Lian Ji, Qiang-Hua Zhang, Xu Gu and Meng Wang Protective Effect of Crocin on Rat Heart Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury:P ossible Mechanisms ..................................................... 33 5 Guang-Lin Xu and Zhu-Nan Gong Protective Effects ofHerba Leonuri in Ischemic Models ............... 347 Xian Hu, Jim Chun Mao, Shun Hong Huang, Jian Sun, Ya Jun Wu, Wei Duan, Todd On and E Zhun Zhu