Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT §571.108 S10.10 End fitting corrosion resistance dinal axis of the vehicle and tangent to test. Conduct the test specified in S6.9 the forwardmost aiming pad on the using a vacuum brake hose assembly. headlamp. S11. Test conditions. Each hose as- Axis of reference means the char- sembly or appropriate part thereof acteristic axis of the lamp for use as shall be able to meet the requirements the direction of reference (H = 0°, V = of S5., S7., and S9. under the following 0°) for angles of field for photometric conditions. measurements and for installing the S11.1 The temperature of the testing lamp on the vehicle. room is 75 °F. Beam contributor means an indivisible S11.2 Except for S6.6, S8.2, and S10.2, optical assembly including a lens, re- the test samples are stabilized at test flector, and light source, that is part of room temperature prior to testing. an integral beam headlighting system S11.3 The brake hoses and brake and contributes only a portion of a hose assemblies are at least 24 hours headlamp beam. old, and unused. Cargo lamp is a lamp that is mounted [38 FR 31303, Nov. 13, 1973] on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus for the purpose of pro- EDITORIALNOTE: For FEDERALREGISTERci- tations affecting §571.106, see the List of CFR viding illumination to load or unload Sections Affected, which appears in the cargo. Finding Aids section of the printed volume Cutoff means a generally horizontal, and on GPO Access. visual/optical aiming cue in the lower beam that marks a separation between §571.107 [Reserved] areas of higher and lower luminance. §571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, re- Direct reading indicator means a de- flective devices, and associated vice that is mounted in its entirety on equipment. a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting equipment, is part S1. Scope. This standard specifies re- of a VHAD, and provides information quirements for original and replace- about headlamp aim in an analog or ment lamps, reflective devices, and as- digital format. sociated equipment. S2. Purpose. The purpose of this Effective light-emitting surface means standard is to reduce traffic accidents that portion of a lamp that directs and deaths and injuries resulting from light to the photometric test pattern, traffic accidents, by providing ade- and does not include transparent quate illumination of the roadway, and lenses, mounting hole bosses, reflex re- by enhancing the conspicuity of motor flector area, beads or rims that may vehicles on the public roads so that glow or produce small areas of in- their presence is perceived and their creased intensity as a result of uncon- signals understood, both in daylight trolled light from an area of 1/2 degree and in darkness or other conditions of radius around a test point. reduced visibility. Effective projected luminous lens area S3. Application. This standard ap- means the area of the orthogonal pro- plies to: jection of the effective light-emitting (a) Passenger cars, multipurpose pas- surface of a lamp on a plane perpen- senger vehicles, trucks, buses, trailers dicular to a defined direction relative (except pole trailers and trailer con- to the axis of reference. Unless other- verter dollies), and motorcycles; wise specified, the direction is coinci- (b) Retroreflective sheeting and re- dent with the axis of reference. flex reflectors manufactured to con- Filament means that part of the light form to S5.7 of this standard; and source or light emitting element(s), (c) Lamps, reflective devices, and as- such as a resistive element, the excited sociated equipment for replacement of portion of a specific mixture of gases like equipment on vehicles to which under pressure, or any part of other en- this standard applies. ergy conversion sources, that generates S4. Definitions. radiant energy which can be seen. Aiming Reference Plane means a plane Flash means a cycle of activation and which is perpendicular to the longitu- deactivation of a lamp by automatic 239 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00239 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T §571.108 49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–04 Edition) means continuing until stopped either requirements of Appendix A or Appen- automatically or manually. dix B of part 564 Replaceable Light Fully opened means the position of Source Information of this Chapter. the headlamp concealment device in Vehicle headlamp aiming device or which the headlamp is in the design VHAD means motor vehicle equipment, open operating position. installed either on a vehicle or Headlamp concealment device means a headlamp, which is used for deter- device, with its operating system and mining the horizontal or vertical aim, components, that provides conceal- or both the vertical and horizontal aim ment of the headlamp when it is not in of the headlamp. use, including a movable headlamp Visually/optically aimable headlamp cover and a headlamp that displaces for means a headlamp which is designed to concealment purposes. be visually/optically aimable in accord- Headlamp test fixture means a device ance with the requirements of para- designed to support a headlamp or graph S7.8.5.3 of this standard. headlamp assembly in the test position S5. Requirements. specified in the laboratory tests and S5.1 Required motor vehicle lighting whose mounting hardware and compo- equipment. nents are those necessary to operate S5.1.1 Except as provided in suc- the headlamp as installed in a motor ceeding paragraphs of this S5.1.1, each vehicle. vehicle shall be equipped with at least Integral beam headlamp means a the number of lamps, reflective de- headlamp (other than a standardized vices, and associated equipment speci- sealed beam headlamp designed to con- fied in Tables I and III and S7, as appli- form to paragraph S7.3 or a replaceable cable. Required equipment shall be de- bulb headlamp designed to conform to signed to conform to the SAE Stand- paragraph S7.5) comprising an integral ards or Recommended Practices ref- and indivisible optical assembly in- erenced in those tables. Table I applies cluding lens, reflector, and light to multipurpose passenger vehicles, source, except that a headlamp con- trucks, trailers, and buses, 80 or more forming to paragraph S7.8.5.2 or para- inches in overall width. Table III ap- graph S7.8.5.3 may have a lens designed plies to passenger cars and motorcycles to be replaceable. and to multipurpose passenger vehi- Multiple compartment lamp means a cles, trucks, trailers, and buses, less device which gives its indication by than 80 inches in overall width. two or more separately lighted areas S5.1.1.1 A truck tractor need not be which are joined by one or more com- equipped with turn signal lamps mon parts, such as a housing or lens. mounted on the rear if the turn signal Multiple lamp arrangement means an lamps at or near the front are so con- array of two or more separate lamps on structed (double-faced) and so located each side of the vehicle which operate that they meet the requirements for together to give a signal. double-faced turn signals specified in Remote reading indicator means a de- SAE Standard J588e, Turn Signal vice that is not mounted in its entirety Lamps, September 1970. on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or S5.1.1.2 A truck tractor need not be headlamp mounting equipment, but equipped with any rear side marker de- otherwise meets the definition of a di- vices, rear clearance lamps, and rear rect reading indicator. identification lamps. Replaceable bulb headlamp means a S5.1.1.3 Intermediate side marker headlamp comprising a bonded lens and devices are not required on vehicles reflector assembly and one or two re- less than 30 feet in overall length. placeable headlamp light sources, ex- S5.1.1.4 Reflective material con- cept that a headlamp conforming to forming to Federal Specification L–S– paragraph S7.8.5.2 or paragraph S7.8.5.3 300, Sheeting and Tape, Reflective; Non- may have a lens designed to be replace- exposed Lens, Adhesive Backing, Sep- able. tember 7, 1965, may be used for side re- Replaceable light source means an as- flex reflectors if this material as used sembly of a capsule, base, and termi- on the vehicle, meets the performance nals that is designed to conform to the standards in either Table I or Table IA 240 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00240 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT §571.108 of SAE Standard J594f, Reflex Reflec- Standards applicable to such lamps ref- tors, January 1977. erenced in Tables I and III. S5.1.1.5 The turn signal operating S5.1.1.11 A stop lamp that is not op- unit on each passenger car, and multi- tically combined, as defined by SAE In- purpose passenger vehicle, truck, and formation Report J387 Terminology— bus less than 80 inches in overall width Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87, with a shall be self-canceling by steering turn signal lamp, shall remain acti- wheel rotation and capable of cancella- vated when the turn signal lamp is tion by a manually operated control. flashing. S5.1.1.6 Instead of the photometric S5.1.1.12 On a motor vehicle, except values specified in Table 1 of SAE a passenger car, whose overall width is Standards J222 December 1970, or J585e 2032 mm. (80 inches) or more, measure- September 1977, a parking lamp or tail ments of the effective projected lumi- lamp, respectively, shall meet the min- nous lens area, and of the photometrics imum percentage specified in Figure 1a of a multiple compartment stop lamp of the corresponding minimum allow- and a multiple compartment turn sig- able value specified in Figure 1b. The nal lamp, shall be made for the entire maximum candlepower output of a lamp and not for the individual com- parking lamp shall not exceed that pre- partments. scribed in Figure 1b, or of a taillamp, S5.1.1.13 Each passenger car, and that prescribed in Figure 1b at H or each multipurpose passenger vehicle, above. If the sum of the percentages of truck, and bus of less than 80 inches the minimum candlepower measured at overall width, shall be equipped with a the test points is not less than that turn signal operating unit designed to specified for each group listed in Fig- complete a durability test of 100,000 cy- ure 1c, a parking lamp or taillamp is cles. not required to meet the minimum S5.1.1.14 A trailer that is less than photometric value at each test point 30 inches in overall width may be specified in SAE Standards J222 or equipped with only one taillamp, stop J585e respectively. lamp, and rear reflex reflector, which S5.1.1.7 A motorcycle turn signal shall be located at or near its vertical lamp need meet only one-half of the centerline. minimum photometric values specified in Table 1 and Table 3 of SAE J588 S5.1.1.15 A trailer that is less than 6 NOV84 Turn Signal Lamps. feet in overall length, including the S5.1.1.8 For each motor vehicle less trailer tongue, need not be equipped than 30 feet in overall length, the pho- with front side marker lamps and front tometric minimum candlepower re- side reflex reflectors. quirements for side marker lamps spec- S5.1.1.16 A lamp designed to use a ified in SAE Standard J592e Clearance, type of bulb that has not been assigned Side Marker, and Identification Lamps, a mean spherical candlepower rating July 1972, may be met for all inboard by its manufacturer and is not listed in test points at a distance of 15 feet from SAE Standard J573d, Lamp Bulbs and the vehicle and on a vertical plane that Sealed Units, December 1968, shall meet is perpendicular to the longitudinal the applicable requirements of this axis of the vehicle and located midway standard when used with any bulb of between the front and rear side marker the type specified by the lamp manu- lamps. facturer, operated at the bulb’s design S5.1.1.9 A boat trailer whose overall voltage. A lamp that contains a sealed- width is 80 inches or more need not be in bulb shall meet these requirements equipped with both front and rear with the bulb operated at the bulb’s de- clearance lamps provided an amber (to sign voltage. front) and red (to rear) clearance lamp S5.1.1.17 Except for a lamp having a is located at or near the midpoint on sealed-in bulb, a lamp shall meet the each side so as to indicate its extreme applicable requirements of this stand- width. ard when tested with a bulb whose fila- S5.1.1.10 Multiple license plate ment is positioned within ±.010 inch of lamps and backup lamps may be used the nominal design position specified to fufill the requirements of the SAE in SAE Standard J573d, Lamp Bulbs and 241 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00241 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T §571.108 49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–04 Edition) Sealed Units, December 1968, or speci- of each compartment or lamp shall be fied by the bulb manufacturer. at least 22 square centimeters, provided S5.1.1.18 A backup lamp is not re- the combined area is at least 50 square quired to meet the minimum photo- centimeters (73⁄4square inches). metric values at each test point speci- S5.1.1.27 (a) Except as provided in fied in Table I of SAE Standard J593c, paragraph (b) of this section, each pas- Backup Lamps, February 1968, if the senger car manufactured on or after sum of the candlepower measured at September 1, 1985, and each multipur- the test points within each group listed pose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus, in Figure 2 is not less than the group whose overall width is less than 80 totals specified in that figure. inches, whose GVWR is 10,000 pounds or S5.1.1.19 Each variable load turn sig- less, manufactured on or after Sep- nal flasher shall comply with voltage tember 1, 1993, shall be equipped with a drop and durability requirements of high-mounted stop lamp which: SAE Standard J590b, Turn Signal Flash- (1) Shall have an effective projected ers, October 1965 with the maximum de- luminous lens area not less than 2903 sign load connected, and shall comply square mm. (41⁄2square inches). with starting time, flash rate, and per- (2) Shall meet the visibility require- cent current ‘‘on’’ time requirements of ments specified in S5.3.2(c). J590b both with the minimum and with (3) Shall have the minimum photo- the maximum design load connected. metric values in the amount and loca- S5.1.1.20 The lowest voltage drop for tion listed in Figure 10. turn signal flashers and hazard warn- (4) Need not meet the requirements ing signal flashers measured between of paragraphs 3.1.6 Moisture Test, 3.1.7 the input and load terminals shall not Dust Test, and 3.1.8 Corrosion Test of exceed 0.8 volt. SAE Recommended Practice J186a, S5.1.1.21 A motor-driven cycle whose Supplemental High-Mounted Stop and speed attainable in 1 mile is 30 mph or Rear Turn Signal Lamps, September less need not be equipped with turn sig- 1977, if it is mounted inside the vehicle. nal lamps. (5) Shall provide access for conven- S5.1.1.22 A motor-driven cycle whose ient replacement of the bulb without speed attainable in 1 mile is 30 mph or the use of special tools. less may be equipped with a stop lamp (b) Each multipurpose passenger ve- whose effective projected luminous hicle, truck and bus whose overall lens area is not less than 31⁄2 square width is less than 80 inches, whose inches and whose photometric output GVWR is 10,000 pounds or less, whose for the groups of test points specified vertical centerline, when the vehicle is in Figure 1 is at least one-half of the viewed from the rear, is not located on minimum values set forth in that fig- a fixed body panel but separates one or ure. two movable body sections, such as S5.1.1.23-24 [Reserved] doors, which lacks sufficient space to S5.1.1.25 Each turn signal lamp on a install a single high-mounted stop motorcycle shall have an effective pro- lamp on the centerline above such body jected luminous lens area of not less sections, and which is manufactured on than 2258 square mm. (31⁄2 square or after September 1, 1993, shall have inches). two high-mounted stop lamps which: S5.1.1.26 On a motor vehicle whose (1) Are identical in size and shape and overall width is less than 80 inches: have an effective projected luminous (a) The effective projected luminous lens area not less than 1452 square mm. lens area of a single compartment stop (21⁄4square inches) each. lamp, and a single compartment rear (2) Shall meet the visibility require- turn signal lamp, shall be not less than ments specified in S5.3.2(d). 50 square centimeters (73⁄4 square (3) Together have the minimum pho- inches). tometric values specified in paragraph (b) If a multiple compartment lamp (a)(3) of this S5.1.1.27. or multiple lamps are used to meet the (4) Shall provide access for conven- photometric requirements for stop ient replacement of the bulbs without lamps and rear turn signal lamps, the special tools. effective projected luminous lens area S5.1.1.28 [Reserved] 242 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00242 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT §571.108 S5.1.1.29 A trailer equipped with a that, on each side, the minimum unin- conspicuity treatment in conformance terrupted area of exposed surface is not with paragraph S5.7 of this standard less than 3225 sq. mm. The samples are need not be equipped with the reflex re- placed for two hours in a circulating flectors required by Table I of this air oven at 79 ±3 degrees C. standard if the conspicuity material is (g) All outdoor exposure tests shall placed at the locations of the reflex re- be 3 years in duration, whether the ma- flectors required by Table I. terial is exposed or protected. Acceler- S5.1.2 Plastic materials used for op- ated weathering procedures are not tical parts such as lenses and reflectors permitted. shall conform to SAE Recommended S5.1.3 No additional lamp, reflective Practice J576 JUL91, except that: device or other motor vehicle equip- (a) Plastic lenses (other than those ment shall be installed that impairs incorporating reflex reflectors) used for the effectiveness of lighting equipment inner lenses or those covered by an- required by this standard. other material and not exposed di- 5.1.4 Except for multifunction rectly to sunlight shall meet the re- school activity buses, each school bus quirements of paragraphs 3.3 and 4.2 of shall be equipped with a system of ei- SAE J576 JUL91 when covered by the ther: outer lens or other material; (a) Four red signal lamps designed to (b) After the outdoor exposure test, conform to SAE Standard J887, School the haze and loss of surface luster of Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and in- plastic materials (other than those in- stalled in accordance with that stand- corporating reflex reflectors) used for ard; or outer lenses shall not be greater than (b) Four red signal lamps designed to 30 percent haze as measured by ASTM conform to SAE Standard J887, School D 1003–92, Haze and Luminous Transmit- Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and tance of Transparent Plastic; four amber signal lamps designed to (c) After the outdoor exposure test, conform to that standard, except for plastic materials used for reflex reflec- their color, and except that their can- tors and for lenses used in front of re- flex reflectors shall not show surface dlepower shall be at least 21⁄2 times that specified for red signal lamps. deterioration, crazing, dimensional Both red and amber lamps shall be in- changes, color bleeding, delamination, stalled in accordance with SAE Stand- loss of surface luster, or haze that ex- ard J887, except that: ceeds 7 percent as measured under (i) Each amber signal lamp shall be ASTM D 1003–92. located near each red signal lamp, at (d) The thickness of the test speci- the same level, but closer to the mens specified in paragraph 3.2.2 of vertical centerline of the bus; and SAE J576 JUL91 may vary by as much as ±0.25 mm. (ii) The system shall be wired so that (e) After exposure to the heat test as the amber signal lamps are activated specified in subparagraph (f) of this only by manual or foot operation, and paragraph, and after cooling to room if activated, are automatically deacti- ambient temperature, a test specimen vated and the red signal lamps auto- shall show no change in shape and gen- matically activated when the bus en- eral appearance discernable to the trance door is opened. naked eye when compared with an un- S5.1.5 The color in all lamps, reflec- exposed specimen. The trichromatic tive devices, and associated equipment coefficients of the samples shall con- to which this standard applies shall form to the requirements of SAE J578c, comply with SAE Standard J578c, Color Color Specification for Electric Signal Specification for Electric Signal Lighting Lighting Devices, February 1977. Devices, February 1977. (f) Two samples of each thickness of S5.2 Other requirements. each plastic material are used in the S5.2.1 The words ‘‘it is recommended heat test. Each sample is supported at that,’’ ‘‘recommendations,’’ or ‘‘should the bottom, with at least 51 mm. of the be’’ appearing in any SAE Standard or sample above the support, in the Recommended Practice referenced or vertical position in such a manner subreferenced in this standard shall be 243 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00243 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T §571.108 49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–04 Edition) read as setting forth mandatory re- S5.3.1.7 On a motor vehicle on which quirements, except that the aiming the front turn signal lamp is less than pads on the lens face and the black 100 mm from the lighted edge of a area surrounding the signal lamp rec- lower beam headlamp, as measured ommended in SAE Standard J887, from the optical center of the turn sig- School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, nal lamp, the multiplier applied to ob- are not required. tain the required minimum luminous S5.2.2 The words ‘‘Type 1 (53⁄4″),’’ intensities shall be 2.5. ‘‘Type 2 (53⁄4″),’’ ‘‘Type 2 (7″),’’ ‘‘Type 1A,’’ S5.3.1.8 (a) Each high-mounted stop ‘‘Type 2A,’’ and ‘‘Type 2B’’ appearing in lamp installed in or on a vehicle sub- any SAE Standard or Recommended ject to S5.1.1.27(a) shall be located as Practice referenced or subreferenced in follows: this standard shall also be read as set- (1) With its center at any place on ting forth requirements respectively the vertical centerline of the vehicle, for the following types of headlamps: including the glazing, as the vehicle is 1C1, 2C1, 2D1, 1A1, 2A1, and 2B1. viewed from the rear. S5.3 Location of required equipment. (2) If the lamp is mounted below the Except as provided in paragraphs rear window, no portion of the lens S5.3.2, S5.7, and S7, each lamp, reflec- shall be lower than 6 inches below the tive device, and item of associated rear window on convertibles, or 3 equipment shall be securely mounted inches on other passenger cars. on a rigid part of the vehicle other (3) If the lamp is mounted inside the than glazing that is not designed to be vehicle, means shall be provided to removed except for repair, in accord- minimize reflections from the light of ance with the requirements of Table I the lamp upon the rear window glazing and Table III, as applicable, and in the that might be visible to the driver location specified in Table II (multi- when viewed directly, or indirectly in purpose passenger vehicles, trucks, the rearview mirror. trailers, and buses 80 or more inches in (b) The high-mounted stop lamps in- overall width) or Table IV (all pas- stalled in or on a vehicle subject to senger cars, and motorcycles, and mul- S5.1.1.27(b) shall be located at the same tipurpose passenger vehicles, truck, height, with one vertical edge of each trailers and buses less than 80 inches in lamp on the vertical edge of the body overall width), as applicable. section nearest the vertical centerline. S5.3.1 [Reserved] S5.3.1.1 [Reserved] S5.3.2 Except as provided in S5.3.2.1 S5.3.1.1.1 [Reserved] through S5.3.2.4 and in paragraphs S5.7 S5.3.1.2 On a truck tractor, the red and S7, each vehicle must conform to rear reflex reflectors may be mounted the following requirements: on the back of the cab, at a minimum (a) Each lamp and reflective device height not less than 4 inches above the must be installed in a location where it height of the rear tires. complies with all applicable photo- S5.3.1.3 On a trailer, the amber front metric requirements and visibility re- side reflex reflectors and amber front quirements, with all obstructions (e.g., side marker lamps may be located as mirrors, snow plows, wrecker booms, far forward as practicable exclusive of backhoes, and winches) installed on the the trailer tongue. vehicle. S5.3.1.4 When the rear identification (b) A manufacturer must certify com- lamps are mounted at the extreme pliance of each lamp to one of the fol- height of a vehicle, rear clearance lowing visibility requirement options, lamps need not meet the requirement and it may not thereafter choose a dif- of Table II that they be located as close ferent option for that vehicle: as practicable to the top of the vehicle. (1) When a vehicle is equipped with S5.3.1.5 [Reserved] any lamp listed in Figure 19 of this S5.3.1.6 On a truck tractor, clear- standard, each such lamp must provide ance lamps mounted on the cab may be not less than 12.5 square centimeters of located to indicate the width of the unobstructed effective projected lumi- cab, rather than the overall width of nous lens area in any direction the vehicle. throughout the pattern defined by the 244 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00244 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT §571.108 corner points specified in Figure 19 for above the road surface as measured to each such lamp; or the lamp axis of reference, the vertical (2) When a vehicle is equipped with test point angles located below the hor- any lamp listed in Figure 20 of this izontal plane subject to photometric standard, each such lamp must provide and visibility requirements of this a luminous intensity not less than that standard may be reduced to 5 degrees. specified in Figure 20 in any direction S5.3.2.4 As an alternative to throughout the pattern defined by the S5.3.2(b), each passenger car and mo- corner points specified in Figure 20 for torcycle, and each multipurpose pas- each such lamp. The luminous inten- senger vehicle, truck, trailer and bus sity must be measured in accordance that is of less than 2032 mm overall with the photometry test requirements width, that are manufactured on or be- of the applicable SAE Standards and fore September 1, 2011, and each multi- Recommended Practices incorporated purpose passenger vehicle, truck, trail- by reference or subreference in this er and bus of 2032 mm or more overall standard. width that is manufactured on or be- (c) A high mounted stop lamp must fore September 1, 2014, must have each have a signal visible to the rear lamp located so that it meets the visi- through a horizontal angle from 45 de- bility requirements specified in any ap- grees to the left to 45 degrees to the plicable SAE Standard or Rec- right of the longitudinal axis of the ve- ommended Practice. hicle. S5.4 Equipment combinations. Two or (d) High mounted stop lamps required more lamps, reflective devices, or to comply with S5.1.1.27(b) must to- items of associated equipment may be gether have a signal to the rear as combined if the requirements for each specified in S5.3.2(c). lamp, reflective device, and item of as- (e) Backup lamps must be mounted sociated equipment are met, with the on the rear so that the optical center following exceptions: of at least one lamp is visible from any (a) No high-mounted stop lamp shall eye point elevation from at least 1828 be combined with any other lamp or re- mm (6 ft) to 610 mm (2 ft) above the flective device, other than with a cargo horizontal plane on which the vehicle lamp. is standing; and from any position in (b) No high-mounted stop lamp shall the area, rearward of a vertical plane be combined optically, as defined by perpendicular to the longitudinal axis SAE Information Report J387 Termi- of the vehicle, 914 mm (3 ft) to the rear nology—Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87, of the vehicle and extending 914 mm (3 with any cargo lamp. ft) beyond each side of the vehicle. (c) No clearance lamp shall be com- S5.3.2.1 Clearance lamps may be lo- bined optically, as defined by SAE In- cated at a location other than on the formation Report J387 Terminology— front and rear if necessary to indicate Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87, with any the overall width of a vehicle, or for taillamp. protection from damage during normal S5.5 Special wiring requirements. operation of the vehicle, and at such a S.5.5.1 Each vehicle shall have a location they need not meet the photo- means of switching between lower and metric output at any test point that is upper beams that conforms to SAE 45 degrees inboard. Recommended Practice J564a Headlamp S5.3.2.2 If any required lamp or re- Beam Switching, April 1964 or to SAE flective device is obstructed by motor Recommended Practice J565b, Semi- vehicle equipment (e.g., mirrors, snow Automatic Headlamp Beam Switching De- plows, wrecker booms, backhoes, vices, February 1969. Except as provided winches, etc.), and cannot meet re- in S5.5.8, the lower and upper beams quirements of S5.3.2, the vehicle must shall not be energized simultaneously be equipped with an additional lamp or except momentarily for temporary sig- device of the same type which meet all nalling purposes or during switching applicable requirements of this stand- between beams. ard, including S5.3.2. S5.5.2 Each vehicle shall have a S5.3.2.3 For signal lamps and reflec- means for indicating to the driver tive devices mounted less than 750 mm when the upper beams of the 245 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00245 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T §571.108 49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–04 Edition) headlamps are on that conforms to the lamps marked ‘‘U’’ or ‘‘UF’’ are acti- SAE Recommended Practice J564a, vated. On a motor vehicle equipped April 1964, except that the signal color with an Integral Beam headlighting need not be red. system meeting the photometric re- S5.5.3 The taillamps on each vehicle quirements of paragraph S7.4(a)(1)(ii), shall be activated when the headlamps the lower beam headlamps shall be are activated in a steady-burning state, wired to remain permanently activated but need not be activated if the when the upper beam headlamps are headlamps are activated at less than activated. On a motor vehicle equipped full intensity as permitted by para- with a headlighting system designed to graph S5.5.11(a). conform to the requirements of Figure S5.5.4 The stop lamps on each vehi- 17–1 or Figure 17–2, a lower beam light cle shall be activated upon application source may be wired to remain acti- of the service brakes. The high-mount- vated when an upper beam light source ed stop lamp on each vehicle shall be is activated if the lower beam light activated only upon application of the source contributes to compliance of the service brakes. headlighting system with the upper S5.5.5 The vehicular hazard warning beam requirements of Figure 17–1 or signal operating unit on each vehicle Figure 17–2. shall operate independently of the igni- S5.5.9 Except as provided in section tion or equivalent switch, and when ac- S5.5.8, the wiring harness or connector tivated, shall cause to flash simulta- assembly of each headlamp system neously sufficient turn signal lamps to shall be designed so that only those meet, as a minimum, the turn signal light sources intended for meeting lamp photometric requirements of this lower beam photometrics are energized standard. when the beam selector switch is in the S5.5.6 Each vehicle equipped with a lower beam position, and that only turn signal operating unit shall also those light sources intended for meet- have an illuminated pilot indicator. ing upper beam photometrics are ener- Failure of one or more turn signal gized when the beam selector switch is lamps to operate shall be indicated in in the upper beam position. accordance with SAE Standard J588e, S5.5.10 The wiring requirements for Turn Signal Lamps, September 1970, ex- lighting equipment in use are: cept when a variable-load turn signal (a) Turn signal lamps, hazard warn- flasher is used on a truck, bus, or mul- ing signal lamps, and school bus warn- tipurpose passenger vehicle 80 or more ing lamps shall be wired to flash; inches in overall width, on a truck that (b) Headlamps and side marker lamps is capable of accommodating a slide-in may be wired to flash for signaling pur- camper, or on any vehicle equipped to poses; tow trailers. (c) A motorcycle headlamp may be S5.5.7 On each passenger car and wired to allow either its upper beam or motorcycle, and on each multipurpose its lower beam, but not both, to modu- passenger vehicle, truck, and bus of late from a higher intensity to a lower less than 80 inches overall width: intensity in accordance with section (a) When the parking lamps are acti- S5.6; vated, the taillamps, license plate (d) All other lamps shall be wired to lamps, and side marker lamps shall be steady-burning. also be activated; and S5.5.11(a) Any pair of lamps on the (b) When the headlamps are activated front of a passenger car, multipurpose in a steady-burning state, the tail passenger vehicle, truck, or bus, lamps, parking lamps, license plate whether or not required by this stand- lamps and side marker lamps shall also ard, other than parking lamps or fog be activated. lamps, may be wired to be automati- S5.5.8 On a motor vehicle equipped cally activated, as determined by the with a headlighting system designed to manufacturer of the vehicle, in a conform to the photometric require- steady burning state as daytime run- ments of Figure 15–1 or Figure 15–2, the ning lamps (DRLs) and to be automati- lamps marked ‘‘L’’ or ‘‘LF’’ may be wired cally deactivated when the headlamp to remain permanently activated when control is in any ‘‘on’’ position, and as 246 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00246 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT §571.108 otherwise determined by the manufac- (5) If optically combined with a turn turer of the vehicle, provided that each signal lamp, is automatically deacti- such lamp: vated as a DRL when the turn signal (1) Has a luminous intensity not less lamp or hazard warning lamp is acti- than 500 candela at test point H–V, nor vated, and automatically reactivated more than 3,000 candela at any location as a DRL when the turn signal lamp or in the beam, when tested in accordance hazard warning lamp is deactivated. with Section S11 of this standard, un- (b) Any pair of lamps that are not re- less it is: quired by this standard and are not op- (i) A lower beam headlamp intended tically combined with any lamps that to operate as a DRL at full voltage, or are required by this standard, and at a voltage lower than used to operate which are used as DRLs to fulfill the it as a lower beam headlamp; or specifications of S5.5.11(a), shall be (ii) An upper beam headlamp in- mounted at the same height, which tended to operate as a DRL, whose lu- shall be not more than 1.067 m above minous intensity at test point H–V is the road surface measured from the not more than 7,000 candela, and which center of the lamp on the vehicle at is mounted not higher than 864 mm curb weight, and shall be symmetri- above the road surface as measured cally disposed about the vertical cen- from the center of the lamp with the terline of the vehicle. vehicle at curb weight; S5.6 [Reserved] (2) Is permanently marked ‘‘DRL’’ on S5.7 Conspicuity Systems. Each trail- its lens in letters not less than 3 mm er of 80 or more inches overall width, high, unless it is optically combined and with a GVWR over 10,000 lbs., man- with a headlamp; ufactured on or after December 1, 1993, (3) Is designed to provide the same except a trailer designed exclusively color as the other lamp in the pair, and for living or office use, and each truck that is one of the following colors as tractor manufactured on or after July defined in SAE Standard J578 MAY88: 1, 1997, shall be equipped with either White, white to yellow, white to selec- retroreflective sheeting that meets the tive yellow, selective yellow, or yellow; requirements of S5.7.1, reflex reflectors (4) If not optically combined with a that meet the requirements of S5.7.2, turn signal lamp, is located so that the or a combination of retroreflective distance from its lighted edge to the sheeting and reflex reflectors that optical center of the nearest turn sig- meet the requirement of S5.7.3. nal lamp is not less than 100 mm, un- less: S5.7.1 Retroreflective sheeting. Each (i) The luminous intensity of the trailer or truck tractor to which S5.7 DRL is not more than 2,600 candela at applies that does not conform to S5.7.2 any location in the beam and the turn or S5.7.3 shall be equipped with signal meets the requirements of retroreflective sheeting that conforms S5.3.1.7; or to the requirements specified in S5.7.1.1 (ii) (For a passenger car, multipur- through S5.7.1.5. pose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus S5.7.1.1 Construction. Retroreflective that is manufactured before October 1, sheeting shall consist of a smooth, flat, 1995, and which uses an upper beam transparent exterior film with headlamp as a DRL as specified in retroreflective elements embedded or paragraph S5.5.11(a)(1)(ii)) the lumi- suspended beneath the film so as to nous intensity of the DRL is greater form a non-exposed retroreflective op- than 2,600 candela at any location in tical system. the beam and the turn signal lamp S5.7.1.2 Performance requirements. meets the requirements of S5.3.1.7; or Retroreflective sheeting shall meet the (iii) The DRL is optically combined requirements of ASTM D 4956–90, with a lower beam headlamp and the Standard Specification for Retroreflective turn signal lamp meets the require- Sheeting for Traffic Control, for Type V ments of S5.3.1.7; or Sheeting, except for the photometric (iv) The DRL is deactivated when the requirements, and shall meet the min- turn signal or hazard warning signal imum photometric performance re- lamp is activated. quirements specified in Figure 29. 247 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00247 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T §571.108 49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–04 Edition) S5.7.1.3 Sheeting pattern, dimensions, form trailers without bulkheads, and and relative coefficients of retroreflection. Element 3 is not required for trailers (a) Retroreflective sheeting shall be without underride protection devices: applied in a pattern of alternating (a) Element 1: A strip of sheeting, as white and red color segments to the horizontal as practicable, in alter- sides and rear of each trailer, and to nating colors across the full width of the rear of each truck tractor, and in the trailer, as close to the extreme white to the upper rear corners of each edges as practicable, and as close as trailer and truck tractor, in the loca- practicable to not less than 375 mm and tions specified in S5.7.1.4, and Figures not more than 1525 mm above the road 30–1 through 30–4, or Figure 31, as ap- surface at the stripe centerline with propriate. the trailer at curb weight. (b) Except for a segment that is (b) Element 2: Two pairs of white trimmed to clear obstructions, or strips of sheeting, each pair consisting lengthened to provide red sheeting near of strips 300 mm long of grade DOT-C2, red lamps, each white or red segment DOT-C3, or DOT-C4, applied hori- shall have a length of 300 mm ±150 mm. zontally and vertically to the right and (c) Neither white nor red sheeting left upper contours of the body, as shall represent more than two thirds of viewed from the rear, as close to the the aggregate of any continuous strip top of the trailer and as far apart as marking the width of a trailer, or any practicable. If the perimeter of the continuous or broken strip marking its body, as viewed from the rear, is other length. than rectangular, the strips may be ap- (d) Retroreflective sheeting shall plied along the perimeter, as close as have a width of not less than 50 mm practicable to the uppermost and out- (Grade DOT-C2), 75 mm (Grade DOT- ermost areas of the rear of the body on C3), or 100 mm (Grade DOT-C4). the left and right sides. (e) The coefficients for (c) Element 3: A strip of sheeting in retroreflection of each segment of red alternating colors across the full width or white sheeting shall be not less than of the horizontal member of the rear the minimum values specified in Fig- underride protection device. Grade ure 29 of this standard for grades DOT– DOT-C2 material not less than 38 mm C2, DOT–C3, and DOT–C4. wide may be used. S5.7.1.4 Location. (a) Retroreflective S5.7.1.4.2 Side of trailers. sheeting shall be applied to each trail- Retroreflective sheeting shall be ap- er and truck tractor as specified below, plied to each side of a trailer as fol- but need not be applied to discontin- lows: uous surfaces such as outside ribs, (a) A strip of sheeting, as horizontal stake post pickets on platform trailers, as practicable, in alternating colors, and external protruding beams, or to originating and terminating as close to items of equipment such as door hinges the front and rear as practicable, as and lamp bodies on trailers and body close as practicable to not less than 375 joints, stiffening beads, drip rails and mm and not more than 1525 mm above rolled surfaces on truck tractors. the road surface at the stripe center- (b) The edge of white sheeting shall line with the trailer at curb weight, ex- not be located closer than 75 mm to the cept that at the location chosen the edge of the luminous lens area of any strip shall not be obscured in whole or red or amber lamp that is required by in part by other motor vehicle equip- this standard. ment or trailer cargo. The strip need (c) The edge of red sheeting shall not not be continuous as long as not less be located closer than 75 mm to the than half of the length of the trailer is edge of the luminous lens area of any covered and the spaces are distributed amber lamp that is required by this as evenly as practicable. standard. (b) If necessary to clear rivet heads S5.7.1.4.1 Rear of trailers. or other similar obstructions, grade Retroreflective sheeting shall be ap- DOT–C2 retroreflective sheeting may plied to the rear of each trailer as fol- be separated into two 25 mm wide lows, except that Element 2 is not re- strips of the same length and color, quired for container chassis or for plat- separated by a space of not more than 248 VerDate Aug<04>2004 06:57 Oct 20, 2004 Jkt 203209 PO 00000 Frm 00248 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\203209T.XXX 203209T