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Research reports Native grassland at Safety Beach, Mornington Peninsula, Victoria Steve Sinclair ArthurRylahInstituteforEnvironmentalResearch 123BrownSt,Heidelberg,Victoria,3084 [email protected] Abstract Small patches ofremnant vegetation at Safety Beach, on the Mornington Peninsula, are described, rloristicand historical evidenceareexamined, inanattempttoreconstructthevegetationol'thisarea before colonisation. There is strong evidence that the plains between the slopes ofMt Martha and Arthurs Seat once supported patches ofseasonally ‘boggy’ naturalgrassland sparsely timberedwith BlackwoodAcacia melanoxylon. The plain also supported patches ofSwamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericijoha scrub, and numerouswetlands. Previous mapping exercises have not identified grasslands on the Mornington Peninsula. The observations presented here add to a growing awareness that patches of grassland were once scattered through low-lying areas ofSouth Gippsland. The ecology of these areas is discussed, along with the prospects for their conservation on the Mornington Peninsula. This paper records the presence ofseveral significant plant taxa, including Golden Cowslips Duins behrii (vulnerable in Victoria) and Purple Blown-grass Lachnagrostis punicea subsp.punicea(rareinVictoria).(TheVictorianNaturalist124(3),2007, 132-149) Introduction bSeaftewteyenBetahechproocmciunpeinets gtrhaenictoiacsthailllsfloaft bneeiftohreeruarsbaitniaspapteiaorns.tCodaalyd,erno(r19h7o2w, i1t9w7a4s, Arthurs Seat and Mt Martha, on the 1975), in her studies ofvegetation across Mornington Peninsula (Gippsland Plain the Mornington Peninsula, makes little Bioregion). The low, near-coastal land sur- mention ofthe area, but suggests that the face is composed largely of heavy, dark- low-lying flat was once a large scrub of coloured clays, derived from Quaternary Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia. swamp and stream deposits. In places, low The available broad-scale (1:100 000) rep- prominences ofsand and gravel occur. The resentation ofthe deduced pre-1750 vege- plain extends eastward over a kilometre tation (Department of Sustainability and inland, before the land surface gently rises Environment (DSE) 2001a) did not make at the commencement ofthe ‘Baxter sand- specific allowance for this heavy-soil flat. stone', which extends across much ofthe Instead, the area is represented as a transi- northern halfofthe Mornington Peninsula tional zone between Coast Banksia (Geological SurveyofVictoria, 1967a,b). Woodland (Ecological Vegetation Class Safety Beach has been largely urbanised (EVC) 2, see Table 1) and Grassy for many years; however, on several Woodland (EVC 175, which occurs on the ‘vacant’ blocks, remnant native vegetation Baxter Sandstone and the granitic areas; has survived. This vegetation is see fable 1). Even cursory examination increasingly under threat of destruction. confirms that the remnant vegetation pre- Some was destroyed in -2004 with the sent at Safety Beach is markedly different constructionofthenew MtMarthaMarina, from either ofthese vegetation types. The while other patches were developed for most recent mapping ofcurrent vegetation housing between2000 and2007. did not capture these remnant areas at all, During a recent project undertaken for due to the broader scale ofthis mapping the Mornington Peninsula Shire (Sinclair (1:25,000) (DSE 2001b; Oates and et al., 2006) it was necessary to map all Taranto,2001). native vegetation on the Mornington Detailed investigation of the flora of Peninsula at a scale which captured these Safety Beach was thought warranted now, remnant patches (1:10,000). It was evident since future opportunities for understand- that previous studies had not adequately ing the natural vegetation ofthis area will considered the vegetation ofSafety Beach. become increasingly limited as urban 132 The Victorian Naturalist Research reports development proceeds This project used these sites, quadrats were taken. These information from histo;rical survey maps data are held in DSE’s Flora Information and old aerial photographs along with System(FIS)(quadratsE03403-E03412). detailed field investigations in an attempt Vegetationdescription to reconstruct former natural vegetation Victoria’s DSE currently uses EVCs to patterns. This approach has been very use- describenativevegetation. Thistypology is ful in other studies aimed atreconstructing employed in this report. All EVCs men- nativevegetation in long-modified areas of tioned in the text are summarised in Table CloowolkandansdouYthuegronvViicct2or0i0a3;(e.Yg.ugLouvntic19a9n7d; 1. Forclarity,however, the specific vegetation patterns ofSafety Beach are generally Mitchell2006). describedhere inasmuch detail aspossible Methods withoutrelianceontheEVCtypology. HistoricalInformationandGISwork Results Historical survey plans (drawn between Historicalinformation tm1ii8oc0nr3so)fainoldfm1Sa8at5f7te,hteyReSsBtuaeltaetcsLhainbwrdearrRyeefoevfrieVeniwcceetdorsieoacn.- DePhauirlellyipt,VoiSciattfsoerptioyasnBietsiauocrnhveoiysnwmtealhples.rceopTarhseteseoenaftrelPdioeorsntt Aerial photographs taken before urbanisa- maps ofthe area that make reference to its tion were also consulted (State Rivers and vegetationweredrawnwellbeforeextensive Water Supply Commission, State Aerial settlementofthearea, althoughtheyprovide Survey ofVictoria. Photographs prepared few annotations of ecological interest. by Department ofLands and Survey from Charles Grimes, who explored Port Phillip pShheoettosg:rWaepshtsemtpakoernt Aoln,1A23;JaSnourarrenyto19B547).. iAnrt1h8u0r2s,SseaitmpalnydlMabtelMsarthtehaaraesa‘bSewtawmepe’n TalhoensgesihdiestmooridcealmsGoIuSrc(egseowgerrapehiecxaalmiinnfoerd- (Grimes, 1803). Tuckey (1804) provides a slightlymoredetailedrenderingofthevege- meadtbioynDsSyEs,temi,ncAlrucdivnigewhy3d.r2o.l)odgaitcaa,l,protvoipdo-- tation, and delineates a crescent-shaped area extending along the coast and about a kilo- graphic and cadastral features; and soil m1a96p7sa,(bG).eoWlhogeircealneScuesrsvaeryy,ofaeVriiacltoprhioa-, msMaewrattmrhpea’,.inTFluuarnctdkh,eeryanidndrlaalnwads,beaaltsTtaihtreg‘beeaxslteaegonofsoinMv’te. tographs and images ofthe historic plans were scanned and introduced into a GIS Cross (1827), shows three small creeks, and environment using TmageWarp’ to geo- againlabelstheareaas ‘swampy’. The first detailed survey ofthe area was referencetheimages. made in 1841 by Thomas Nutt, for the Fieldexaminations squatter Hugh Jamieson, who took up one The remnant vegetation at Safety Beach is of the first runs on the Peninsula. The often treeless, and not easily detected on boundary ofNutt’s survey was marked aerial photographs. Every street in Safety with blazed trees, and these boundaries are Beachwastravelled, and all ‘vacant’ house faithfully retained in today’s property and blocks were briefly examined from the infrastructure layout. The certainty with road. Over 50 were found to contain some which these bounds can be recognised nativevegetation. Mostoftheseareaswere today, along with the sketched courses of on private land. These were examined somecreeks, allowthe annotationsonveg- closelywhere itwas clearthatpublic entry etation to be accurately positioned in dis- was frequent and/or unhindered, while crete portions ofthe landscape. Along the those blocks which were fenced were not coast, Nutt (1841) shows a narrow ‘Sandy examined. Most blocks contained few Beach’, with a ‘swampy flat’ immediately native species in low abundance, and were inland, markedwith small dots and sketch- not investigated in detail. Twenty-seven es of tussocks. This area is drained by accessible sites were identified that were three small creeks, one ofwhich (Brokil considered to be informative in recon- Ck (or Tassel Ck)) is labelled ‘salt water’. structingthe pre-settlement flora. Atten of Further inland, he records a ‘Fine Flat’, Vol. 124 (3) 2007 133 ^ Research reports |i c" o c3 3.2 3-q Woodland20m to cu_Q s '£Cq~O9Cc5O-3Q£0Xcoâ3i.. |C;^^•SL0SCQ^>S§b".)t0.’,£k--IiV£|Q^^§QQsv:>-:3g<.-s|-c^^§gtR^~QSSu3J3.O VLIk111S8'qjS1•^:•51l-.-.o'lI•b&cscRf§61!15xtS*,i<~-~Ô1t5£HoC1agS>tS>3lC^.5X§^c£S,j c*^’^pgOa$§S3o>§cxoS§3aQo-48Q$lSS5a3? 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Poa saCOi. &-T3 S.s2:^«J sso_?o ^„‘.sSo ovata, ,and grasses 3 i§" s § INI*! -IVO. -Q5g*.' |<Q->Jassj-lf>t5 ca“a:x,°s-QaJSC‘O facl2^, «Vfôôcn5-.,Sta3h5o "a*d5>r, &ocx Goodenialabillardiereicordifoliaand J!1I§-a_s«B?2,o•êCI&acaO§SI^5<-§>îas3't^^~7£—U§q2-.>.3Oca&RgÔ2. o.ti1&gacjl2oq-Stl^<&ag3*o.oqg.l^q§â-rig^^<O8agô^,>-~o5j2poEgâqXx,jTic«SC3o0£33> <«g&aaSO1r,!o-^qQaaq53.-"r.s^sO2SS23 §-CP*Sag5--S-r-sS. aal-D9sq-ssau,i-:^bS^â531Ol^~aoQaoo3a,"t-^|SvS«s«~23iu) ^~SO23CeaS;S3r, kc=qia.Meerliacliefuo,claiaPCaoaprperaexssa,CGeanshtenpliplaa.,thioneulnerdrabtainsotn £e £ >, TSOs_«£D"3,.g^^—§£0.«34*5&0c>gM)o ct2;£ s£ aoccflooi^G&au££3J*) i*c5 '-l10Occs3oôs3ooJ='~c5r0&WO^GO~)0)§U^ i3£r.tScni T1GGO3)OO ~'-Oo£O0T2Sr3t'•-cSc>cUJCooo3>1T—J§c£Os3Z3o X0<L0> $£C3p —c>(cd3U“_.~î1H*0o3 ."cwr«c>£Ou_>--'0bSriC3>Ô.3-O>-Mc<ia_Oui .^£>£>-^G=c3£).To&Sc3jo X-4cMC>^ro—oO*aj1stc£.Oss0§sJ1-•'r".—SU*^^§SS£- SW0r^C1*. aoo^so_31 ng J2 _2 o o cO X <U iOcShnicuS S0(0N3-I-sC93oO-Woo3E O^w>S2•. & Ss£5C^-ccoo WGSt(o-o£ScCOoO ca C/3 [2 Vol. 124 (3) 2007 135 Research reports Fig 1. The survey plan ofSmythe (undated). The text on this image has been sharpened by hand. Thisisoneoftwonear-identicalhand-drawnplans,bothofwhichwereusedincomposite.Theword ‘Baggamanjarrawah’ (or ‘Baggamahjarrawah’) is ofunknown significance, but may be a place name. The dotted line around the word ‘paddock’ roughly corresponds to the mapped sandy rises, (seeFig.2)butprobablyshowsonlyafenceline,andmaynotcorrespondtoanynaturalfeature. FieldSites • Grassland + SwampScrub a SandyRises jjfr (woodlandsite-seetext) AreasshowninFigures4and5 MajorRoads /V t EVCidentificationlocallytentative F~or1merVegetation SANDYRISES(inc.beach) WMSVAWRAIMOPUSSTCERRURBESTRIALVEGETATION(notassignedhere) MARSH(andstreams) ]GRASSLAND 1000 Meters Fig.2.Thededucedpre-settlementpatternsofnativevegetationpresentatSafetyBeach. Thetwenty -seven fieldsitesexaminedduringthisstudyaremarkedonthemap,assignedtodifferentvegetation types.Theseincludethe 10quadrats,forwhichthepreciselocationdetailsareheldbytheauthorand in theFISdatabase. Majorroadsarealsoshown forthepurposeoforientation. Figs 1 and2 arepre- sented in the same orientation (butare cropped slightly differentlyto betterincludecertain details). TheslopinglineonFig. 1 representstheedgeofNutt’s(1841)earliersurvey,andthislineisretained exactly in the present alignments ofNepean Flwy and Dunns Ck Rd. Mt Martha is immediately north,andArthursSeatimmediatelysouth,ofbothFigs. 1 and2. 136 The Victorian Naturalist Research reports is densely stippled, and possiblyrepresents awetlandorscrub. The most informative early map is an undated map drawn by George Smythe (Fig. 1). It shows the boundary ofNutt’s pre-existing survey (1841), but shows less developed infrastructure than in 1857, sug- gesting that it was surveyed between 1841 and 1857. On this map, comments on the vegetation relate to clearly defined areas. Patches of ‘Tea Tree Scrub’ and ‘Marshy Plains’ are shown with detailed boundaries. Given the great precision with which the courses ofall the creeks are plotted across the Peninsula, as seen when Smythe’s plan is aligned to modern GIS layers, these boundariesarelikelytobereliable. All the maps agree in the basic layout of the vegetation at Safety Beach, allowing the informationto be broughttogether into acoherentwhole. Behindthenarrowsandy coastal strand, on the heavy clay soils, extending about a kilometre inland and covering several hundred hectares, was a Fsiwga.rd3..atGroanseslraenladtiavtelSyafheitgyh-Bqeuaaclhi.tyTshieteg(rFaIsSs ‘flat’, variously represented as being Quadrat E03403) is shown. The letter (d) ‘swampy’, ‘fine’ or ‘grassy’, and clearly shows the most conspicuous example in the distinct from areas of ‘tea tree scrub’. photograph ofa gilgai depression, supporting Smythe describes this area as being ‘rich Coast Tussock-grass and Prickfoot, and the black soil timbered with lightwood’ (dis- lKoawnegrarloetoteGrr(ars)s,shaoswdsisacursasieseddinartehae,tseuxtp.porting cussed below), while no other reference is made to trees or shrubs on this area. Three with areas of ‘Tea Tree Scrub’ flanking it or four small creeks entered Port Phillip to the north and south. This ‘Fine Flat’ is from this flat, at least one ofwhich (Brokil located coast-ward of the present-day Creek) was brackish. All around this flat Moorooduc Hwy. Further inland, Nutt were areas of ‘tea tree scrub’ along records various areas of ‘Swampy’ land, drainage lines, and furtherareas of‘marsh’. forests andwoodlands. Further inland (roughly beyond the The Crown Lands Office produced Mornington Peninsula Freeway, north of another detailed map in 1857 (Anon. Bruce Rd and south ofNepean Hwy, see 1857). This map shows the boundary of Figs 1 and 2) vegetation descriptions most- Nutt’s previous survey, and represents the lyrelatetowoodlandsandscrubs,remnants infrastructure then present. The near- ofwhich persist in various condition states coastal flat is again labelled ‘swampy flat’ across the Peninsula, while most ofthe and marked with lines ofdots. The inland ‘flat’ has been cleared. The focus ofthis side of this flat is flanked by an area paperis the original vegetation ofthe ‘flat’ tlhaebenlolretdh‘oTneathtereleowsecrrubs’l.opIetsiosfbMotunMdaerdthtao (mFeingtsed.1 and 2), which remains undocu- by a ‘fine flat moderately timbered with Given these descriptions and its position Honeysuckle [probably tree form Banksia inthelandscape,the ‘flat’ probablysupport- marginata]' and to the south near Arthurs ed vegetation referrable to Plains Grassland Seat by a ‘sandy rise’ and an area ‘thickly (South Gippsland) (EVC 132_62) and/or wooded’ with ‘Oak [Allocasuarinci spp.] Brackish Grassland (EVC 934) along with jaunndctHioonneyosfucNkelpe’e.anNeHawrytheancdoaDstr,oamtatnhae Pblraoiands Gsreansses)y W(eFrtoloadn,d (19E9V1C; O12a5t,esinatnhde Pde, an un-annotated area(now urbanised) Taranto, 2001). Such grassland communi- Vol. 124 (3) 2007 137 ' Research reports ties have not been previously mapped on apogon and the herbs Slender Speedwell , the Mornington Peninsula, and will be the Veronica gracilis. Milky Beauty-heads focusofthispaper. Calocephalus lacteus. Wiry Buttons Leptorhvnchostenuifolius. Varied Raspwort Vegetation ofthe coastal flat at Safety Haloragis heterophylla. Small Loosestrife Beach-pastantipresent Among the 22 sites examined in detail, Lspytahffr.uemxilhiysss(ogpliafborleisace,ntW)o,oda-nsdoTrarlellSuOxnadleiws areas representative of several distinct Droserapeltata subsp. peltata. Shrubs are vegetation types were found, corresponding rare, the most common being Hop closely to the vegetation described in the Goodenia Goodenia ovata and Swamp historical record. As described below, each PaperbarkMelaleucaericifolia. ofthese is generally assignable to one or According to the present EVC typology, more EVCs. Table 2 presents species lists these areas are accommodated largely forthethesemapped ‘zones’. These listsare within the broad conception of Plains each derived from several sites examined Grassland (South Gippsland) (EVC withineachzone, shownonFig. 2. 132 62) (Frood, 1991; Oates and Taranto, Grassland 2001; CookandYugovic, 2003). Fourteen sites supportnative grasslands, on Some grassland areas dominated by heavy soils with an undulating or ‘gilgai Coast-tussock grass also include species surfacethattendsto bewaterlogged inwin- characteristic of(sub-)saline areas, such as ter and deeply cracking in summer. Across Shiny Swamp-mat Selliera radicans and most ofthe sites investigated (FIS quadrats Australian Salt-grass Distichlis disti- E03403-E03408), the native graminoid chophylla. Some ofthese areas are proba- layer is dominated by a combination of bly best described as Brackish Grassland Coast Tussock-grass Poapoiformis (dis- (EVC 934). in the more pronounced cussed below), Wetland Wallaby-grass depressions, the vegetation is probably Notodanthonia semiannularis, and best described as wetland, as discussed KangarooGrass Themedatriandra. Even in below. the small remaining patches, the floristic SwampScrub composition varies notably at a fine spatial The survey plans all show areas of ‘Tea scale (several metres). This variation seems Tree Scrub’. This vegetation is unequivo- to be determined largely by surface micro- cally identifiable as Swamp Scrub (EVC topography. Fig. 3 showsthegrass swardat 53) (Oates and Taranto, 2001). Two large tThheellaarbgeelsstsrheomwaianirnagisesidtearaetaS(agfilegtayiB‘epaucfhf.) aPraepaesr-(b7.a3rkhareamnadin1 ihna)SaoffemtaytuBreeacSh,waamnpd and a slightgilgai depression. On theraised clearly correspond to areas delineated as area, Kangaroo Grass dominates strongly, ‘Tea tree Scrub’ by Smythe (undated). and is accompanied by other species usual- Onlyoneoftheseareaswasabletobevisit- ly found in drier habitats, including ed, andwas found to be highlymodified by Creeping Bossiaea Bossiaeaprostrata and weeds. Two ofthe smaller ‘house’ blocks Cranberry Heath Astroloma humifusum. In surveyed in detail also supportremnants of the depression. Coast Tussock-grass and Swamp Scrub (FIS quadrats E03409 and Wetland Wallaby-grass dominate, along E03410). They contain species typical of with several herbs tolerant of seasonal Swamp Scrub (such as Swamp Paperbark, waterlogging, such as Prickfoot Eryngium Prickly Moses Acacia verticillata and vesiculosum and Pennywort Centella Slender Tussock-grass Poa tenera), but cordifolia. As discussed below, some of also a few species more typical of open, these low-lying areas approach wetlands in grassy wetlands, notably Common Blown theirecologyand composition. Grass Lachnagrostisfiliformis. This is Despite weed invasion, many native readily explicable, given that much ofthe species in addition to those noted are rela- Swamp Paperbark cover has been tively common throughout these grassland removed and suppressed by mowing, leav- patches, including Mat Grass Hemarthria ing these swampy areas open to uncinata Common Bog-rush Scheonus invasion by open wetland species, and 138 The Victorian Naturalist Research reports Table2. PlantSpeciesfoundatSafetyBeachin2005-6.AllnamesareusedaccordingtoRossand Walsh(2003). ‘r’ indicatestaxarareinVictoria, ‘v’vulnerableinVictoria.Thelackofacheckmark foranyspeciesagainstagivenvegetationtypeshowONLYthatthespecieswasnotrecordedinthat typeonthissurvey,NOTthatthespecieswouldneverhaveoccurredthere. Common Swamp Sandy Species Name Grassland Marsh Scrub rises FERNS Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridiumesculentum AustralBracken o MONOCOTYLEDONS Cyperaceae Baumeaarticulata JointedTwig-sedge 0 0 Carexappressa Tall Sedge 0 0 0 Carexbrevicnlmis CommonGrass-sedge 0 0 Eleocharisacuta CommonSpike-sedge 0 0 Ficinianodosa KnobbyClub-sedge Gahniafilum ChaffySaw-sedge 0 0 Isolepiscernuavar. Broad-fruitClub-sedge 0 platycarpa Isolepisinundata SwampClub-sedge 0 Isolepismarginata LittleClub-sedge 0 0 0 Lepidospermalaterale VariableSword-sedge 0 var.majus Lepidosperma?gunnii SwordSedge 0 Schoenusapogon CommonBog-sedge 0 0 0 Schoenustesquorum SoftBog-sedge 0 0 Juncaceae Juncusamabilis HollowRush 0 0 Juncusholoschoenus Joint-leafRush 0 0 Juncuspallidus PaleRush 0 0 Luzulameridionalisvar. CommonWood-rush 0 densiflora Juncaginaceae Triglochinstriata StreakedArrow-grass 0 Liliaceae Caesiacalliantha BlueGrass-lily 0 Caesiaparvifoliavar. PaleGrass-lily parvifolia Dianellabrevicaulis Small-flowerFlax-lily 0 0 Dianellalaevis SmoothFlax-lily 0 Dianellarevoluta Black-antherFlax-lily 0 subsp.revolutas.l. Hypoxishygrometrica GoldenWeather-glass 0 Hypoxisvaginata YellowStar 0 var. vaginata Tricoryneelatior YellowRush-lily 0 Orchidaceae vDiurisbehrii GoldenCowslips 0 Microtisarenaria NotchedOnion-orchid 0 Microtisparviflora SlenderOnion-orchid 0 Microtisunifolia CommonOnion-orchid 0 0 0 Thelymitraantennifera RabbitEars 0 Thelymitrapaucifloras.l. SlenderSun-orchid 0 Vol. 124 (3) 2007 139 Research reports Table2(cont.) Common Swamp Sandy Species Name Grassland Marsh Scrub rises I’oaceae Austrodanthonia Common-Wallaby-grass 0 caespitosa Austrodanthoniageniculata Kneed Wallaby-grass 0 Austrodanthonialaevis Smooth Wallaby-grass 0 Austrodanthoniaracemosa SlenderWallaby-grass 0 0 var.racemosa Austrodanthoniasetacea BristlyWallaby-grass 0 var.setacea Austrostipaflavescens CoastSpear-grass 0 Austrostipapubinodis Tall Spear-grass 0 Austrostipasemibarbata FibrousSpear-grass 0 Dislichlisdistichophvlla AustralianSalt-grass 0 Elymusscaber CommonWheat-grass 0 Eragrostisbrownii Commonlove-grass 0 Hemarthriauncinata MattGrass 0 Lachnagrostisfiliformis Common Blown-grass 0 0 var. 1 rLachnagrostispunicea PurpleBlown-grass 0 subsp.punicea Microlaertastipoides WeepingGrass 0 0 Notodanthoniasemianmdaris WetlandWallaby-grass 0 0 Phragmitesaustralis Commonreed 0 Poalabillardierei CommonTussock-grass 0 0 Poa ‘poiformis’ CoastTussock-grass 0 0 Poatenera SlenderTussock-grass 0 Pentapogonquadriftdus Five-awnedSpear-grass 0 Themedatriandra KangarooGrass 0 Xanthorroeaceae Lomandralongifolia Spiny-headedMat-rush 0 0 0 DICOTYLEDONS Aizoaceae Carpobrotussp. Pigface 0 Apiaceae Centellacordifolia Pennywort 0 Eryngiumvesiculosum Prickfoot 0 0 Asteraceae Brachyscomegraminea GrassBrachyscome 0 Calocephaluslacteus MilkyBeauty-heads 0 Cassiniaaculeata CommonCassinia 0 Cassinialongifolia ShinyCassinia 0 Euchitoninvolucratuss.s. StarCudweed 0 Ozothamnusferrugineus TreeEverlasting 0 0 Pseudognaphalium JerseyCudweed 0 luteoalbum Leptorhynchostenuifolius WiryButtons 0 Senecioglomeratus Annual Fireweed 0 Solertogynedominii SmoothSolenogyne 0 Convolvulaceae Dichondrarepens KidneyWeed 0 0 Droseraceae Droserapeltata PaleSundew 0 subsp.peltata Epacridaceae Astrolomahumifusum CranberryHeath 0 140 The Victorian Naturalist Research reports Table2(cont.) Common Swamp Sandy Species Name Grassland Marsh Scrub rises Euphorbiaceae Ampereaxiphoclada BroomSpurge Fabaceae Bossiaeacinerea ShowyBossiaea Bossiaeaprostrata CreepingBossiaea Kennediaprostrata RunningPostman Viminariajuncea GoldenSpray o Geraniaceae Geraniumretrorsums.l. GrasslandCranesbill o Geraniumsp.2 VariableCranesbill o o Goodeniaceae Goodeniaovata HopGoodenia o o Sellieraradicans ShinySwamp-mat o o Haloragaceae Haloragisheterophylla VariedRaspwort o o Lythraceae Lythrumhyssopifolia SmallLoosestrife o o o Mimoscaeae Acaciamelanoxylon Blackwood o o Acaciaverticillata PricklyMoses o Myrtaceae Eucalyptusovata SwampGum o Eucalyptusviminalis MannaGum o Leptospermumlaevigatum CoastTea-tree o o Leptospermumcontinentale PricklyTea-tree o Melaleucaericifolia SwampPaperbark O o Onagraceae Epilobiumbilliardierium VariableWillow-herb o subsp.intermedium Oxalidaceae Oxalissp.aff.exilis ShadyWoodsorrel o o (glabrescent) Proteaceae Banksiaintegrifolia CoastBanksia o Ranunculaceae Clematismicrophylla Small-leavedClematis o Rosaceae Acaenaovinavar.velutina AustralianSheep’sBurr o Acaenanovae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgee o O Rubiaceae Asperulaconferta CommonWoodruff o o Operculariaovata Broad-leafStinkweed o Operculariavaria VariableStinkweed o Santalaceae Exocarposstrictus Pale-fruitBallart o Scrophulariaceae Gratiolaperuviana AustralBrooklime o Veronicagracilis SlenderSpeedwell 0 0 0 Solanaceae Solanumlaciniatum LargeKangarooApple o ALGAE (incomplete) Charasp. Stonewort o Vol. 124 (3) 2007 141