MrOcb Tiger NATIONAL SYMBOLS ''■l-.V' NATIONAL ANIMAL M(^|cnl — f%[^, tcjvjl, ^IM, TP^ ^Fld, c&eP^^, ^T^, "^aft d'^TT ^ 3TT^ el^ w^ mff^ y^Rdcbi^' wr%?T ^ # I ^ ^Rdct^pj' ^rct ^ ^ ^ h^tt ■'ff^cjHi Wfrt I ^ yc?ry^ yy^ M^-did yyry t aft^ y^fry^ yy ^ryy ypy: fcp^ ^ y^ yfcrfilRd y^ydT 11 yr^TT R y^ anwRyy^ yry^Kw yy^ym y y^ R wRr^y ypRiy vj^y^ y?f arRcqf^^Tyf 1^ yyi 'jR ^ "^yy^ yjeTRyy? ■yRyiyyyKTT R ’^jyy^ ^ i ^ ^Rdchiaft ^ ^rfy yjyy R yr^ y^fry^ y?r ^yRp?r y^ yy yyry feyr w ^ 11 ^jyr^yy ^ i^, ^yyr, yr^ yry yyr yr^ Ry yryy R yycryyr yrypr y^ yryr ^gyR t, RryR yyn yriRyTyyy, yfRyyyy, yryM ^yy> yyr Ryryy^ yjyy y^ yyRRyryRt ynypr f^, ^ yy^ y>y^ R yryy ynfcr R ^fcmryr ^ ayj^ yyr^yyy; yjy, Ry aryyr c^yer yy yr^ty y^fty^ y?r gyyy^ ^ yy ^ yra^ t % Rjyr yyyy yfrf^-yyyyfcT yyi yiRpyyy ^ yrgy y^enyyy, y^, yRyyyy aryyr yyfe y^r yyyicyy? y^ y^ prRy Ryy 11 fTcfr R argypy, yjyeT R aryyr yy yyyt^ Reyfr Ryy y^ y?r yrygyyy ^ yyr gyefyyc?ry dyRid y?r ypg^ y%y y^ yry 1610 ^yr^ ^ yyR yf Ry y^ fRy'<j>'fri ^ ^ ^ yy yryyy t i yyy^ gRyyy yryy yry^ R yRfry wy R ^frryryT y^ yyePcft t, Rryp^ ^ y^fyiy ^r yyty ^ arr^ yr^ RRyy ^eP^ y^ Ryr t yyr ^ ypyry amty^ R y^ afty yy^ yryy y^ yy^Kyy) arRcyRyR y?r wy y'Ryr yryy y^ yyryy yr^ yyjy Ryy 11 yyy^)f^ yy yRram ^ ^ ^ yyyyry y^ ysryyyy Rranyy yyR R yryyyfr yty^aft ysy ayy yryiRiy? ^ yyyrsy yyyRyff ^ yyyr yyyyyfr yy wtry f^yr 11 yyyyry R RyW ^ aRyy^ eftyf ^ y^mdi yft t afry ^ ^ R yR ayyjy yyMy y>y?y % i yp'i^fricb ^ yy yRrayy ^ arw y^ ycymy yyyyyr yfyiy R arw y aryRfy ^Pic^i' yay gyi y^ ^ yryRy y^yyi t, yfr yR^ y?r ayyy t, afty ^yR y^ %TRy^, yr^fRy^, y^yyyy^, yyctyyr #yRR y?r yyy^rf^ yyyyraTt, ayyrff af[y y^ ayyRt yr^^Tsy ^ ^ yrR yicft 11 ^ yyyyry yry^ ^ R ysy ycfryyy y^ ^ yr^ty ylyy nyr yyiRyiy y?r yryyr ycPH y^ yy yyiyr R^ yyr t afty ayyy y?r ypcft t % gyi iRt y^, ^ ayy yp^ R yryy y^ "py? ayr^ ^di R yyr arni’ yriR R fery ClRd yRyr, vji6i yryy ysTT y^ R Rry y^yj^Tiddi, try y ayyy ysy yryf^RR y?r RRemr ^ yr^, y1^4 y ^y^yryyr R Ryy ww y?r Rran ‘^r yy yrRR i y^ gRyyy ^ yr^ R wy ^r^r ytr y^ R ^ yyyjyyy) yrfrrRRyt Rr Rr yf 11 RteT yfiR^yry^ Foreword For the celebration of the 50th year of India's independence, the Centre for Cultural Resources and Training has produced eight small booklets on the National Symbols of India- the Emblem, Flag, Anthem, Song, Calendar, Animal, Bird and Flower. These bring out the beauty and sensitivity represented in India's ancient philosophy and culture. National Symbols provide an identity and the choice of symbols often reflect the values of a particular nation. The National Symbols of India are the manifestations of Man's yearning for spiritual and emotional well being, harmony with nature and are the expressions of his artistic creativity through the ages. An attempt has been made in these booklets to give a brief historical background of the National Symbols of free India. For example, the National Flag, Anthem and Song tell us the story of India's Freedom Movement, where great literateurs, musicians, social reformers and thinkers came together to free India from the colonial rule in a manner unique to the history of mankind. Or, for instance, in the booklets of the National Symbols on the Tiger, Peacock or Lotus, one can see how nature - the flora and fauna have inspired the creative genius of the visual artist, poet, musician or dancer. The culmination of the stylised representation of the Lotus can be seen in the architecture of the Bahai temple in Delhi and the rich heritage of the Mughal miniature painting of the Peacock of circa 1610 C.E. The booklet on the Calendar traces the history of the ancient knowledge of calculating time which has resulted in a variety of calendars in use today and Ashoka's philosophy and the great tradition of artistic expressions of his times have given India its National Emblem. The CCRT has used information provided in the records available with government agencies and other authentic sources to make this publication as informative as possible. Numerous people have helped in the production of the publication and the Centre would like to express gratitude to all of them. The CCRT dedicates this publication to the unknown and unsung soldiers of the Freedom Movement and also to the young generation who are, the hope of the future and will carry forward the cultural traditions, ideals and values of our great scientists, philosophers, artists, freedom fighters into the next millennium. This publication endeavours in creating self¬ esteem and national pride in acknowledging the fact of being an Indian and hopes to inspire the youth to take India forward as a leader among nations ; where tolerance, love, respect for man and nature and the diversity of cultures will instil universal values of truth, beauty and goodness. Each booklet provides suggested activities to enlarge the scope of knowledge of the reader. Surendra Kaul Director General ^ ^ ^ ^ 3TTcf^ ^ jrl^fcri^ - crt ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 11 “^fr ^ ^F%g^ f^a^r ^ ^ ^ ^FTO-^^TfT^ wg;w^ ^ ^H4?ddl ^ 11 ’HKcfl^ f^JiR'ff) ^ ^ ^raY ^ siMicfj ^ ttRrrt t I ^ ^TTET ^ Rj^lld ftcTT«T ^ e?IPT 4 ^ 1972 ^ ^ ylRld ^PIT I ^ W^ cPRqf^ c^cic^cll c^0y vJrR—“HKel ^ c^'cci^ cpft sfk R^lel'i^ ^ wft ^ sfk WT ^ ^ ^ ^ Mi<j)fricb 3TTcrmt ^ ^FTT^^TKTTt I ^'^x’cjd ^T WTT^ WeTywfrr^^^5W^^g^^3Tf 11 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 13ft^ Rr 3ft^ ^ #|t Wfr mfM ^ 11 3M, ■^TRrmr^ #fT ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ar^ ^ ^ afk ^ ^ ^ ^ ?T^ ^ ^ c^ cnk^ ^ cf^ ^ M qw ^ qrq k krd^-^g^, ^Fnkq qm ^ ^TRcT ^ ftkFT wff ^ ^TRfT WTT11 "q^ ^ ^ 13fk ^ ^ qn^ ^ qrk gn^'Jl ^ q?r wrq ^M\ ^ 11 q?r qrfM q^T ^ ^ ^ 11 ^ qN?rq ^ ^ q^ q^ ^ t, qf^ wk ^ qr^ ^ qrk STrgqRiq^ (kkr) qrat ^ ^ Rlcq^d 3TeFT RiRitcidi^qTeTTqrqt I q^^q^qj^, ^T ^ H^ixiMi ^ arqrqq? q^'qqqqrq 1951 ^r^wmi TIGER The Tiger is a symbol of power and strength. Its majestic, graceful movements create an awesome fear in the inhabitants of the forest. Yet, man has sometimes been able to tame the great beast with love and discipline. The Indian tiger (Panthera tigris) accounts for sixty percent of the world's tiger population. Considering the wide distribution of the tiger, it was declared the National Animal of India in 1972, The tiger is found in many habitats; from the mangrove swamps of Sunderbans to the dry thorn forests of north western India and the tall grass jungles in the Himalyan foothills. The Royal Bengal Tiger, found in Sunderbans, is one of the most magnificent animals. It is reddish brown in colour with broad black stripes on his head and back. Its bright burning eyes, powerful jaws and sharp teeth that can effortlessly tear up a buffalo, the blood chilling roar which can be heard for more than two miles, fill one with fear. Similar to the Bengal Tiger, White tiger is also found in different parts of India. It is white in colour and has blue eyes instead of the normal golden brown eyes. The stripes are also lighter in colour. It is not really a new species of tiger but actually a result of two successive genes coming together and showing their characters externally. The first white tiger was sighted quite by accident in 1951 by the Maharaja of Rewa in Madhya Pradesh while hunting. The tiger is often described as the spirit of the jungle. It is said that the status of the tiger in the country is an index of the ecological health of the wilderness. Where the tiger thrives, there will be ample forest cover, regular supply of life nourishing water and plenty of other animals - antelopes, deer, gaurs, etc. that tigers can feed on. The tiger is a carnivorous animal and feeds on various small and big animals. He usually attacks its prey from the back making very slow stealthy advances. He entertains no interference during his meal and after being completely satisfied, he usually doesn't hunt for the entire day or till he is hungry again. A tiger is not a man eater by nature, he only indulges in such a practice when he cannot stalk or hunt down his natural prey, due to an injury or old age. The tiger belongs to the "Cat" Family. The length of a normal tiger ranges between 2.6 mts. to 2.9 mts. and it weighs about 180 kg. Essentially a loner, a tiger and tigress come together in the mating season. A tigress gives birth to five to six cubs at a time, out of which only two to three make it to adulthood. Tiger cubs are tiny, blind and helpless when they are bom and are totally dependent on their mother for food for about three months. 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