NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT AFGHANISTAN 2015 AFGHANISTAN 2015 Transparency International is a global movement with one vision: a world in which government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption. Integrity Watch Afghanistan is an Afghan civil society organization committed to increasing transparency, accountability and integrity in Afghanistan. Copyright © 2016 United Nations Development Programme. All rights reserved. UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in more than 170 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. United Nations Development Programme One United Nations Plaza New York, NY, 10017 USA Cover Image: Parliament taken from Darul Aman Palace by Ezatullah Adib This report was authored by Integrity Watch Afghanistan in collaboration with Transparency International. This project was funded by the United Nations Development Programme. Printed on 100% recycled paper. Cover Image: Parliament taken from Darul Aman Palace by Ezatullah Adib This report was authored by Integrity Watch Afghanistan in collaboration with Transparency NATIInOtNeArLn INaTtEioGRnIaTYl aSYnSdT EtMh eAS USEnSiStMeEdN NT AaFtGioHAnNsI SDTAeNv e20l1o5p ment Programme. 1 This project was funded by the United Nations Development Programme. Printed on 100% recycled paper. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 3 ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................................ 5 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................................... 12 FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................. 13 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 14 KEY FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 15 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 18 II. COUNTRY PROFILE: FOUNDATIONS FOR THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY ........................................ 21 III. CORRUPTION PROFILE ..................................................................................................................... 26 IV. ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIVITIES ....................................................................................................... 28 V. NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ........................................................................................................ 31 1. THE LEGISLATURE .......................................................................................................................... 31 2. THE EXECUTIVE .............................................................................................................................. 44 3. THE JUDICIARY ................................................................................................................................ 57 4. PUBLIC SECTOR .............................................................................................................................. 70 5. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ................................................................................................... 86 6. ELECTORAL MANGEMENT BODY (INDEPENDENT ELECTION COMMISSION) ........................ 100 7. THE SUPREME AUDIT OFFICE ..................................................................................................... 115 8. ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCY (HIGH OFFICE OF OVERSIGHT AND ANTI-CORRUPTION) ...... 129 9. POLITICAL PARTIES ...................................................................................................................... 144 10. THE MEDIA ................................................................................................................................... 159 11. CIVIL SOCIETY ............................................................................................................................. 173 12. BUSINESS SECTOR ..................................................................................................................... 185 VI. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 201 VII. ABOUT THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ASSESSMENT .................................................... 206 VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................. 214 2 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL INTEGRITY WATCH AFGHANISTAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our deepest appreciation and gratitude to everyone who has participated in this research and made the necessary arrangements for contacting government institutions and public officials. Our special thanks goes to Qazi Mohammad Omar Babrakzai, Former Supreme Court Justice, for providing extensive time and information and Abdbul Haleem Himmat, Admin and Finance Director at the Ministry of Justice for providing information and making arrangements with various public officials. We would also like to express our profound appreciation to the research team who worked so hard to produce this comprehensive report and to acknowledge the partnership between Integrity Watch Afghanistan and Transparency International. Transparency International’s oversight on the methodology and content of this report, in line with similar assessments conducted in other countries, ensured the production of a high quality piece of research which will provide the foundation for future sector specific research based on the priorities identified here. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the financial support of this project from the UNDP, without which the production of this report would not have been possible. Lead researcher and author Dr. Abdul Qayum Mohmand, Ph.D. Junior researchers Mohammad Naser Timory Sayed Nasrat Reviewers Jeffrey Coonjohn – External Reviewer Timothy Gray – Internal Reviewier Delawar Nazirzoy, Libel Check Lawyer NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ASSESSMENT AFGHANISTAN 2015 3 Project team Sayed Ikram Afzali, Executive Director, Integrity Watch Afghanistan Kowsar Gowhari, Head of Programs, Integrity Watch Afghanistan Ezatullah Adib, Research Manager, Integrity Watch Afghanistan Habibullah Muqbel, Advocacy Manager, Integrity Watch Afghanistan Maren Thompson, Programme Coordinator, Transparency International Andy McDevitt, Research Coordinator, Transparency International Ilham Mohamed, South Asia Regional Coordinator, Transparency International Rukshana Nanayakkara – Regional Outreach Manager, Transparency International Advisory group members Nader Yama, Independent Directorate of Local Governance (IDLG) Mohammad Rafi Amini, High Office of Oversight and Anti-Corruption (HOOAC) Ibrahim Shahab, Organoon Academic and Research Organization Shamshad Khan Haleemzai, Asia Foundation Abdul Saboor Jasoor, Ministry of Finance/World Bank Abdul Bari, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Danish Karokhail, Pajhwok News Agency Rustam Paiman, Independent Joint Anti-Corruption Monitoring and Evaluation Committee (MEC) 4 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL INTEGRITY WATCH AFGHANISTAN ACRONYMS AACN Afghan Anti-Corruption Network ABL Afghanistan Banking Law ABP Afghan Border Police ACA Anti-Corruption Agency ACBAR Agency Coordinating Body for Afghan Relief and Development ACCI Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce and Industries ACCN Afghan Anti-Corruption Network ACSFo Afghan Civil Society Forum-organization ACSI Afghan Civil Services Institute ACSL Afghanistan Civil Service Law ACTA Afghan Coalition for Transparency and Accountability ADS Assets Declaration Strategy AFCAC Afghans Coordination Against Corruption AFN Afghani (Referring to currency) AGO Attorney General’s Office AHAL Audit High Administration Law AIB Afghanistan International Bank AIHRC Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission AISA Afghanistan Private Investment Support Agency AJF Afghanistan Journalists’ Federation AJO Afghan Justice Organization AJSC Afghan Journalists Safety Committee AL The Associations Law ALP Afghan Local Police NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ASSESSMENT AFGHANISTAN 2015 5 ANCB Afghan NGOs Coordination Bureau ANCOP Afghan National Civil Order Police ANJU Afghanistan’s National Journalists Union ANP Afghan National Police APAP Afghanistan Parliamentary Assistance Project ARD Asset Registration Department ARDS Afghanistan Reconstruction and Development Services ASMED Afghanistan Small and Medium Enterprise Development AWCC Afghan Wireless Telecommunication Company AWN Afghan Women Network BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BHC Budget Hearing Committee BSA Bilateral Security Agreement CCSS Code of Conduct of Civil Servants CDR Commission of Dispute Resolution CEO Chief Executive Officer CMO Contract Management Office CMS Case Management System CSCC Civil Servants Code of Conduct CSHRN Civil Society and Human Rights Network CSL Civil Servants Law CSOs Civil Society Organizations CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CSTC-A Combined Security Transition Command–Afghanistan DAB Da Afghanistan Bank DFID Department for International Development EBC Evaluation of Bids Committee 6 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL INTEGRITY WATCH AFGHANISTAN EL Election Law EPD Equality for Peace and Development EU European Union EUPOL European Union Police Mission in Afghanistan FEFA Free and Fair Election Forum of Afghanistan GDARS General Directorate of Administrative Reform Secretariat GDRPPSA General Department of Registration of Political Parties and Social Associations GI The General Inspection GIAAC General Independent Administration Against Corruption GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit HCM High Council of Media Hizb Hizb-e Islami HOO High Officer of Oversight HOOAC High Office of Oversight and Anti-Corruption IAQCD Internal Audit and Quality Control Directorate IARCSC Independent Administrative Reform and Civil Services Commission ICRC International Committee of Red Cross IDLO International Development Law Organization IEC Independent Election Commission IECC Independent Electoral Complaints Commission IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards IG Inspector General IIPEC Institut International Pour les Etudes Comparatives IMC Independent Media Consortium INGO International Non-Governmental Organizations INL Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs INTOSAI International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ASSESSMENT AFGHANISTAN 2015 7 IPRs Intellectual Property Rights IRA Institutional Risk Analysis ISSAI International Standards for Supreme Audit Institutions ITL Income Tax Law IWA Integrity Watch Afghanistan Jamiat Jamiat-e Islami JEMB Joint Electoral Management Body JSSP Justice Sector Support Programme Junbish Junbish Mili-e Islami Afghanistan LAI Law on Access to Information LBCLLC Law on Business Corporations and Limited Liability Companies LCCSP Commercial Contracts and Selling Property LEA Law Enforcement Agencies LIBOR LIBOR is the average interbank interest rate at which a selection of banks on the London money market are prepared to lend to one another. LLCs Limited Liability Companies LODAIEC Law on the Organization, Duties and Authorities of Independent Election Commission LOIACS Law on Overseeing the Implementation of the Administrative Anti-Corruption Strategy LOTFA Law and Order Trust Fund for Afghanistan LPC Law on Penal Code LRTS Law on Regulation of Telecommunication Services LSA Law on Structure and Authority LSCC Law on the Structure and Competencies of Courts LSIACS Law on Supervision and Implementation of Anti-Corruption Strategy LSRACAR Law on Supporting the Rights of Authors, Composers, Artists, and Researchers LTMR Law on Trade Marks Registration 8 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL INTEGRITY WATCH AFGHANISTAN