This page intentionally left blank NARRATIVE AND IDENTITY IN THE ANCIENT GREEK NOVEL TheGreekromancewasfortheRomanperiodwhatepicwasforthe archaic period or drama for the classical: the central literary vehicle for articulating ideas about the relationship between self and com- munity. This book offers a fresh reading of the romance both as a distinctivenarrativeform(usingarangeofnarrativetheories)andasa paradigmaticexpressionofidentity(social,sexualandcultural).Atthe same time, it also emphasises the elasticity of romance narrative, its abilitytoaccommodatebothconservativeandtransformativemodels of identity. This elasticity manifests itself partly in the variation in practice between different romancers, some of whom are tradition- ally Hellenocentric and others more challenging; but ultimately, it is argued, it reflects a tension in all romance narrative, which char- acteristically balances centrifugal against centripetal dynamics. This bookwillinterestclassicists,historiansofthenovel,andstudentsof narrativetheory. tim whitmarsh is a leading literary and cultural critic of the Greek world during the time of the Roman empire. A specialist in both ancient texts and modern theories, he has written over fifty articles and five books, including Greek Literature and the Roman Empire(2001)andTheSecondSophistic(2005);hehasalsoeditedor co-editedfourbooks,andeditstwobookseries. GREEK CULTURE IN THE ROMAN WORLD Editors susan e. alcock,BrownUniversity jaS´ elsner,CorpusChristiCollege,Oxford simon goldhill,UniversityofCambridge TheGreekcultureoftheRomanempireoffersarichfieldofstudy.Extraordinaryinsights canbegainedintoprocessesofmulticulturalcontactandexchange,politicalandideological conflict,andthecreativityofachanging,polyglotempire.Duringthisperiod,manyfun- damentalelementsofWesternsocietywerebeingsetinplace:fromtheriseofChristianity, toaninfluentialsystemofeducation,tolong-livedartisticcanons.Thisseriesisthefirst to focus on the response of Greek culture to its Roman imperial setting as a significant phenomenoninitsownright.Tothisend,itwillpublishoriginalandinnovativeresearch intheart,archaeology,epigraphy,history,philosophy,religion,andliteratureoftheempire, withanemphasisonGreekmaterial. Titlesinseries: AthleticsandLiteratureintheRomanEmpire JasonKo¨nig DescribingGreece:LandscapeandLiteratureinthePeriegesisofPausanias WilliamHutton ReligiousIdentityinLateAntiquity:Greeks,JewsandChristiansinAntioch IsabellaSandwell HellenisminByzantium:TheTransformationsofGreekIdentityandtheReceptionofthe ClassicalTradition AnthonyKaldellis TheMakingofRomanIndia GrantParker Philostratus EditedbyEwenBowieandJa´sElsner ThePoliticsofMunificenceintheRomanEmpire:Citizens,Elitesand BenefactorsinAsiaMinor ArjanZuiderhoek SaintsandChurchSpacesintheLateAntiqueMediterranean:Architecture, Cult,andCommunity AnnMarieYasin GalenandtheWorldofKnowledge EditedbyChristopherGill,TimWhitmarshandJohnWilkins LocalKnowledgeandMicroidentitiesintheImperialGreekWorld EditedbyTimWhitmarsh HomerBetweenHistoryandFictioninImperialGreekLiterature LaurenceKim EpiphanyandRepresentationinGraeco-RomanCulture:Art,Literature,Religion VerityPlatt NarrativeandIdentityintheAncientGreekNovel TimWhitmarsh NARRATIVE AND IDENTITY IN THE ANCIENT GREEK NOVEL Returning Romance by TIM WHITMARSH cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521823913 (cid:2)c TimWhitmarsh2011 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2011 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Whitmarsh,Tim. NarrativeandidentityintheancientGreeknovel:returningromance/Tim Whitmarsh. p. cm.–(GreekcultureintheRomanworld) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-521-82391-3(hardback) 1.Greekfiction–Historyandcriticism. 2.Narration(Rhetoric)– History–To1500. I.Title. pa3267.w55 2011 883(cid:3).0109–dc22 2010052774 isbn978-0-521-82391-3Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. 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Contents Preface pageix Listofabbreviations xi Introduction 1 part i returning romance 1 Firstromances:CharitonandXenophon 25 2 Transformingromance:AchillesTatiusandLongus 69 3 Hellenismattheedge:Heliodorus 108 part ii narrative and identity 4 Pothos 139 5 Telos 177 6 Limen 214 Conclusion 253 Appendix: Theextantromancesandthelargerfragments 261 References 265 Index 295 vii