NANOTECHNOLOGY HORIZONS IN FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING Volume 3 Trends, Nanomaterials, and Food Delivery Nanotechnology Horizons in Food Process Engineering, Set of 3 Vols ISBN: 978-1-77491-064-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77491-065-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00330-545-3 (ebk) Nanotechnology Horizons in Food Process Engineering, Vol 1: Food Preservation, Food Packaging, and Sustainable Agriculture ISBN: 978-1-77491-060-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77491-061-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00330-537-8 (ebk) Nanotechnology Horizons in Food Process Engineering, Vol 2: Scope, Biomaterials, and Human Health ISBN: 978-1-77491-062-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77491-063-4 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00330-538-5 (ebk) Nanotechnology Horizons in Food Process Engineering, Vol 3: Trends, Nanomaterials, and Food Delivery ISBN: 978-1-77491-098-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77491-099-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00330-540-8 (ebk) Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering NANOTECHNOLOGY HORIZONS IN FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING Volume 3 Trends, Nanomaterials, and Food Delivery Edited by Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE Santosh K. Mishra, PhD Satish Kumar, PhD First edition published 2023 Apple Academic Press Inc. CRC Press 1265 Goldenrod Circle, NE, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 USA 760 Laurentian Drive, Unit 19, 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Burlington, ON L7N 0A4, CANADA Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN UK © 2023 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Apple Academic Press exclusively co-publishes with CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors, editors, and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors, editors, and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Nanotechnology horizons in food process engineering / edited by Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE, Santosh K. Mishra, PhD, Satish Kumar, PhD. Names: Goyal, Megh R., editor. | | Mishra, Santosh K., editor. | Kumar, Satish (Lecturer in food science and technology), editor. Series: Innovations in agricultural and biological engineering. Description: First edition. | Series statement: Innovations in agricultural and biological engineering | Includes bibliographical references and indexes. | Contents: Volume 3. Trends, nanomaterials, and food delivery. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20220408009 | Canadiana (ebook) 20220408033 | ISBN 9781774910641 (set) | ISBN 9781774910993 (v. 3 ; softcover) | ISBN 9781774910986 (v. 3 ; hardcover) | ISBN 9781003305408 (v. 3 ; ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Food—Biotechnology. | LCSH: Food industry and trade—Technological innovations. | LCSH: Nanotechnology. Classification: LCC TP248.65.F66 N36 2023 | DDC 664—dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data CIP data on file with US Library of C o ngress ISBN: 978-1-77491-098-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77491-099-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00330-540-8 (ebk) ABOUT THE BOOK SERIES: INNOVATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING Under this book series, Apple Academic Press Inc. is publishing book volumes over a span of 8–10 years in the specialty areas defined by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (www.asabe. org). Apple Academic Press Inc. aims to be a principal source of books in agricultural and biological engineering. We welcome book proposals from readers in areas of their expertise. The mission of this series is to provide knowledge and techniques for agricultural and biological engineers (ABEs). The book series offers high-quality reference and academic content on agricultural and biological engineering (ABE) that is accessible to academicians, researchers, scientists, university faculty and university-level students, and professionals around the world. Agricultural and biological engineers ensure that the world has the necessities of life, including safe and plentiful food, clean air and water, renewable fuel and energy, safe working conditions, and a healthy environment by employing knowledge and expertise of the sciences, both pure and applied, and engineering principles. Biological engineering applies engineering practices to problems and opportunities presented by living things and the natural environment in agriculture. ABE embraces a variety of the following specialty areas (www.asabe. org): aquaculture engineering, biological engineering, energy, farm machinery and power engineering, food, and process engineering, forest engineering, information, and electrical technologies, soil, and water conservation engineering, natural resources engineering, nursery, and greenhouse engineering, safety, and health, and structures and environment. For this book series, we welcome chapters on the following specialty areas (but not limited to): • Academia to industry to end-user loop in agricultural engineering; • Agricultural mechanization; • Aquaculture engineering; • Biological engineering in agriculture; vi About the Book Series • Biotechnology applications in agricultural engineering; • Energy source engineering; • Farm to fork technologies in agriculture; • Food and bioprocess engineering; • Forest engineering; • GPS and remote sensing potential in agricultural engineering; • Hill land agriculture; • Human factors in engineering; • Impact of global warming and climatic change on agriculture economy; • Information and electrical technologies; • Irrigation and drainage engineering; • Micro-irrigation engineering; • Nanotechnology applications in agricultural engineering; • Natural resources engineering; • Nursery and greenhouse engineering; • Potential of phytochemicals from agricultural and wild plants for human health; • power systems and machinery design; • Robot engineering and drones in agriculture; • Rural electrification; • Sanitary engineering; • Simulation and computer modeling; • Smart engineering applications in agriculture; • Soil and water engineering; • Structures and environment engineering; • Waste management and recycling; • Any other focus areas. For more information on this series, readers may contact: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE Book Series Senior Editor-in-Chief: Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering E-mail: [email protected] OTHER BOOKS ON AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING BY APPLE ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Management of Drip/Trickle or Micro Irrigation Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE, Senior Editor-in-Chief Evapotranspiration: Principles and Applications for Water Management Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE, and Eric W. Harmsen, Editors Book Series: Research Advances in Sustainable Micro Irrigation Senior Editor-in-Chief: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE • Volume 1: Sustainable Micro Irrigation: Principles and Practices • Volume 2: Sustainable Practices in Surface and Subsurface Micro Irrigation • Volume 3: Sustainable Micro Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines • Volume 4: Management, Performance, and Applications of Micro Irrigation Systems • Volume 5: Applications of Furrow and Micro Irrigation in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions • Volume 6: Best Management Practices for Drip Irrigated Crops • Volume 7: Closed Circuit Micro Irrigation Design: Theory and Applications • Volume 8: Wastewater Management for Irrigation: Principles and Practices • Volume 9: Water and Fertigation Management in Micro Irrigation • Volume 10: Innovation in Micro Irrigation Technology Book Series: Innovations and Challenges in Micro Irrigation Senior Editor-in-Chief: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE • Engineering Interventions in Sustainable Trickle Irrigation: Water Requirements, Uniformity, Fertigation, and Crop Performance • Management Strategies for Water Use Efficiency and Micro Irrigated Crops: Principles, Practices, and Performance viii Other Books on Agricultural and Biological Engineering • Micro Irrigation Engineering for Horticultural Crops: Policy Options, Scheduling, and Design • Micro Irrigation Management: Technological Advances and Their Applications • Micro Irrigation Scheduling and Practices • Performance Evaluation of Micro Irrigation Management: Principles and Practices • Potential of Solar Energy and Emerging Technologies in Sustainable Micro Irrigation • Principles and Management of Clogging in Micro Irrigation • Sustainable Micro Irrigation Design Systems for Agricultural Crops: Methods and Practices Book Series: Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering Senior Editor-in-Chief: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE • Advanced Research Methods in Food Processing Technologies • Advances in Food Process Engineering: Novel Processing, Preservation and Decontamination of Foods • Advances in Green and Sustainable Nanomaterials: Applications in Energy, Biomedicine, Agriculture, and Environmental Science • Advances in Sustainable Food Packaging Technology • Analytical Methods for Milk and Milk Products, Volume 1: Sampling Methods, Chemical and Compositional Analysis • Analytical Methods for Milk and Milk Products, Volume 2: Physicochemical Analysis of Concentrated, Coagulated and Fermented Products • Biological and Chemical Hazards in Food and Food Products: Prevention, Practices, and Management • Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Technologies in Sustainable Soil Management, Volume 1: Fundamental Aspects and Contaminated Sites • Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Technologies in Sustainable Soil Management, Volume 2: Microbial Approaches and Recent Trends • Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Technologies in Sustainable Soil Management, Volume 3: Inventive Techniques, Research Methods, and Case Studies • Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Technologies in Sustainable Soil Management, Volume 4: Degradation of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls Other Books on Agricultural and Biological Engineering ix • Dairy Engineering: Advanced Technologies and Their Applications • Developing Technologies in Food Science: Status, Applications, and Challenges • Emerging Technologies in Agricultural Engineering • Engineering Interventions in Agricultural Processing • Engineering Interventions in Foods and Plants • Engineering Practices for Agricultural Production and Water Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Approach • Engineering Practices for Management of Soil Salinity: Agricultural, Physiological, and Adaptive Approaches • Engineering Practices for Milk Products: Dairyceuticals, Novel Technologies, and Quality • Enzyme Inactivation in Food Processing: Technologies, Materials, and Applications • Field Practices for Wastewater Use in Agriculture: Future Trends and Use of Biological Systems • Flood Assessment: Modeling and Parameterization • Food Engineering: Emerging Issues, Modeling, and Applications • Food Process Engineering: Emerging Trends in Research and Their Applications • Food Processing and Preservation Technology: Advances, Methods, and Applications • Food Technology: Applied Research and Production Techniques • Functional Dairy Ingredients and Nutraceuticals: Physicochemical, Technological, and Therapeutic Aspects • Handbook of Research on Food Processing and Preservation Technologies: Volume 1: Nonthermal and Innovative Food Processing Methods • Handbook of Research on Food Processing and Preservation Technologies, Volume 2: Nonthermal Food Preservation and Novel Processing Strategies • Handbook of Research on Food Processing and Preservation Technologies, Volume 3: Computer-Aided Food Processing and Quality Evaluation Techniques • Handbook of Research on Food Processing and Preservation Technologies, Volume 4: Design and Development of Specific Foods, Packaging Systems, and Food Safety • Handbook of Research on Food Processing and Preservation Technologies, Volume 5: Emerging Techniques for Food Processing, Quality, and Safety Assurance