Nanostructured Materials and Coatings for Biomedical and Sensor Applications NATO Science Series A Series presenting the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Science Programme. The Series is published by lOS Press, Amsterdam, and Kluwer Academic Publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division Sub-Series I. Life and Behavioural Sciences lOS Press II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers III. Computer and Systems Science lOS Press IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers V. Science and Technology Policy lOS Press The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly as the NATO ASI Series. The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civil science between scientists of countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The types of scientific meeting generally supported are "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops", although other types of meeting are supported from time to time. The NATO Science Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized bij scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's Partner countries - countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe. Advanced Study Institutes are high-level tutorial courses offering in-depth study of latest advances in a field. Advanced Research Workshops are expert meetings aimed at critical assessment of a field, and identification of directions for future action. As a consequence of the restructuring of the NATO Science Programme in 1999, the NATO Science Series has been re-organised and there are currently Five Sub-series as noted above. Please consult the following web sites for information on previous volumes published in the Series, as well as details of earlier Sub-series. http://www.nato-inVscience http://www.wkap.nl http://www.iospress.nl http://www.wtv-books.de/nato-pco.htm I _~.l\_ .~ I Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry - Vol. 102 Nanostructured Materials and Coatings for 8iomedical and Sensor Applications edited by Y.G. Gogotsi Drexel University, Department of Materials Engineering, Philadelphia, U.SA and Iri na V. Uvarova Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Science, Kiev, Ukraine .... " Springer Science+Business Media, B.v. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Materials and Coatings for Biomedical and Sensor Applications Kyiv, Ukraine 4-8 August 2002 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4020-1321-8 ISBN 978-94-010-0157-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0157-1 Printed on acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2003 No part of this work may be repraduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission fram the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Contents Preface ......................................................................................................................... ix Group photo ................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. Materials for Biomedical Applications "Nanostructured Materials in Medicine. State of the Art in Ukraine" I. Uvarova ................................................................................................................ 1 "Current Trends in Biomaterial Coatings" S.V. Mikhalovsky, M. Santin, L.I. Mikhalovska, A.W. Lloyd, S.P. Denyer ........ 15 "Injectable Nanoparticle Technology for In Vivo Remediation of Overdosed Toxins" R. Partch, E. Powell, Y.-H. Lee, M. Varshney, S. Kim, N. Barnard, D. Shah, D. Dennis, T. Morey ............................................................................................. 27 "Nanostructured MeSi02 (Me=Ag, Cu) Coatings with Antibacterial Activity" C.C. Trapalis, T. Vaimakis, A. Kharlamov, M. Kokkoris, G. Kordas ................... 41 "Low Friction Wear Resistant Sputtered Carbon Coatings for Biomedical Applications" S.K. Taylor, A.H.S. Jones, D. Meres, D.G. Teer, M. Elloy .................................... 51 "Mechanism of Interaction of Silicon Nitride Powders with Biochemical Media and Their Toxic Effect" V.A. Lavrenko, N.V. Boshitskaya, G.N. Makarenko ............................................ 63 "Microstructure and Strength Properties of Germanium Microwires for Biomedical Devices" D. Grabco, M. Dyntu, D. Meglei, O. Shikimaka ................................................... 71 vi "The Researches of Properties of Biomaterials Based on Biological Hydroxyapatite in Synthetic and Natural Physiological Mediums" L.A. Ivanchenko, N.D. Pinchuk, V.S. Sulyma ..................................................... 77 "Preparation of Hydroxyapatite NanoParticles Using a Modified Precipitation Method" G. C. Koumoulidis, C. C. Trapalis, A. T. Sdoukos, and T. C. Vaimakis .............. 83 "Biomineralization of Hydroxyapatite/Titania Composites Prepared by Explosive Shock Waves" H. Beheri, Wafa 1. Abdel-Fattah, R. Pruemmer. .................................................... 91 "Prospects of Usage of Materials with Fullerene Coatings for Endoprosthesis of Joints" V.V. Lashneva, Yu.G. Tkachenko, V.A. Dubok, D.V. Schur, V.V. Sychev, L.A. Matveeva ..................................................................................................... 103 "Nanodispersed Diamond Adsorbents for Biological Solution Cleaning" G.P. Bogatyreva, M.A. Marinich, N.A. Oleynik, G.A. Bazaliy .......................... lll Chapter 2. Thin Films and Coatings "Tribological Characterization of Carbide-Derived Carbon (CDC) Films in Dry and Humid Environments" B. Carroll, Y. Gogotsi, A. Kovalchenko, A. Erdemir, M.J. McNallan ................ 119 "Nanostructured Ceramic Coatings Produced By Magnetron Sputtering" V. Teixeira ........................................................................................................... 131 "Analysis of the Microhardness and the Porosity in Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings" A. Portinha, V. Teixeira, J. Martins, M.F. Costa, R. Vassen, D. Stoever. ........... 149 "Nanostructured Mesoporous Silica Films" M.C. Gonyalves, G.S. Attard ............................................................................... 159 "Thin Film Crystallisation Behaviours for Oxides of Rare-Earth Metals on Amorphous Silica" A.F. Andreeva, A.M. Kasumov ........................................................................... 169 "Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Metal-Carbon Films" Y. Pauleau, F. Thiery, J. Pelletier, V.V. Uglov, A.K. Kuleshov, S.N. Dub, M.P. Samtsov ....................................................................................................... 175 Vll "Thin Film Metal Matrixes for Biocorrosion Studies" O.K. Dvoynenko, LA. Kozlova, V.M. Statsenko ................................................ 181 Chapter 3. Nanoparticles and Nanoceramics "Synthesis and Properties ofNanostructured Carbon Materials: Nanodiamond, Onion-Like Carbon and Carbon Nanotubes" V.L. Kuznetsov, Yu.V. Butenko ........................................................................... 187 "Synthesis of Spherical, Non-aggregated Silica Nanoparticles" A. Vital, U. Klotz, F. Graule, R. Mueller, H.K. Kammler, S.E. Pratsinis ........... 203 "Formation of Composite SiC-SiB6 Nanopowders" M. Lasova, M. Kakazey, 1.G. Gonzales-Rodriguez, G. Dominguez, T. Tomila, L. Isaeva, L. Domasevich, A. Myratova ............................................ 211 "A Model of Electrical Conduction in Xerographic Toners as Polymer Conductive Filler Particulate Composites" V. Skorokhod ....................................................................................................... 219 "Computerized Complex for Sintering Nanoceramics at High Pressures" V.S. Urbanovich, G.G. Shkatulo .......................................................................... 229 "C60 Fullerene Polymers" R.A. Wood, M.H. Lewis, M.R. Lees, S.M. Bennington, M.G. Cain, N. Kitamura .......................................................................................................... 239 "A Tight-Binding Molecular-Dynamics Approach to Structural and Electronic Properties of a-SiC" V.1. lvashchenko, P.E.A. Turchi, V.I. Shevchenko ............................................. 249 "Theory of Nanotube Nanodevices" S.V. Rotkin .......................................................................................................... 257 Chapter 4. Sensor Materials "Sol-Gel Processing of Lithia Aluminosilicates (LAS) Solid Solution for Future Low Temperature Ceramic Sensor" Wafa I. Abdel-Fattah, M.Sh. Fayed, Sh.R. Gouda, W.F.F. Mekky ..................... 279 "Structural and Optical Characterization of InN Thin Films - Novel Photonic Materials for Photovoltaic and Sensor Applications" V. Ya. Malakhov .................................................................................................. 29I Ylll "An Overview to Magnetic Beads Used in Electrochemical DNA Biosensors" J. Wang, A. Erdem ............................................................................................... 297 "Mechanical Properties of Oxide Coatings Having Sensor Application" D. Grabco, N. Palistrant, R. Jitaru, E. Rusu ......................................................... 305 "Approaches for Structured Immobilisation of Recognising Elements on the Transducer Surface of Biosensors" V.M. Starodub, A.V. Nabok, N.F. Starodub, L.I. Pirogova, W. Torbicz, A.K. Ray .............................................................................................................. 311 "Performance of Amperometric Alcohol Electrodes Prepared by Plasma Polymerization Technique" D. <;6keliler and M. Mutlu ................................................................................... 327 "Chemical Active Centers at Surfaces ofSi-Based Materials" A.E. Kiv, V.G. Litovchenko, D. Fuks, V.V. Golovanov, I.P. Lisovskyy, T.I. Maximova ..................................................................................................... 333 "Deposition of Sn02-Based Thin Films by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering for Gas Sensing Applications" 1. Miguel Correia-Pires, V. Teixeira, J.B. Almeida ............................................. 343 "Rehybridization at (110) Faces of Sn02 based gas sensor" V.V. Golovanov, T.T. Rantala. T.S. Rantala, A. Kiv .......................................... 357 "Behaviour of Micro-Fabricated Composite Membrane as Amperometric Glucose Biosensor" eM. Pereira, J.M. Oliveira, F.Silva ................................................................... 365 "EQCM Study on the Polytyramine Modified Electrodes for the Preparation of Biosensors" eM. Cordas, A. Tenreiro, L.M. Abrantes ........................................................... 371 "Nanocoating of Particulate Surface in Colloidal Processing for Piezoelectric Sensors Applications" Wie-Heng Shih, Wna Y. Shih, Chia-Yi Yang, Huiming Gu, Jeong W. Yi ......... 377 Subject Index ............................................................................................................ 395 Preface This volume contains papers that were presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Materials and Coatings for Biomedical and Sensor Applications held in Kyiv, Ukraine, 4-8 August, 2002. A total of 104 scientists from 14 countries participated in our ARW, making it a really international event. Participants ranged from graduate students to senior researchers. They presented 16 tutorial lectures, 20 short talks and more than 70 posters. Invited speakers, from NATO and Partner countries, presented some of the most recent developments in physics, chemistry and technology of nanosized materials. A broad range of speakers having international standing and representing NATO and partner countries, as well as university, industrial and govemment research laboratories participated in this meeting and wrote papers for this volume. Foregoing ARW gathered together the scientists working in the area of nanosized materials and coatings and their applications in biomedicine and sensors. The first objective of this AR W was to discuss the current research covering a wide range of physical and chemical properties of biomaterials and their use. Active discussion of oral presentations and posters, and the round table discussion gave a good opportunity to researchers from academia and industry to discuss the achievements in this field and outline future directions in terms of technological developments and product commercialisation in the fields of biomedicine and sensors. Particularly, advanced ceramics and nanostructured carbons were covered in many presentations. This ARW emphasized the connections between the physical, chemical and processing data for nanosized materials, coatings and films. This AR W brought together scientists from basic and applied research areas to initiate interactions aimed at translating basic research achievements into engineering applications. The workshop demonstrated that achievements in biomedical tt:chnology require multidisciplinary research efforts. Those range from chemistry of complex oxide systems, to physics and chemistry of different methods for their preparation and characterization, mechanics of such systems and finally investigation of their interaction with, release of or binding with biologically active (pharmaceuticals or toxins) molecules. Controlled release concepts for delivery of pharmaceuticals are mature and employed commercially. Along with the different methods for selective and controlled delivery of medicine to traumatized parts of human tissue, the removal of overdosed drugs in vivo is a very important problem which only recently received attention. One of the most revolutionary trends of material evolution for the past four decades is the innovative use of special ceramics designed to reproduce different functions of living organisms, to deliver and regulate medications and to investigate the processes of formatting and functioning of bioplast. New interesting information in these areas was reported by the participants from Egypt, USA, Israel, Ukraine, Portugal, Turkey and other countries. Particular attention was dedicated to carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nano-to-microscale carbon films, which can be extremely useful in meeting the increasingly multifunctional needs of advanced mechanical devices and have excellent biocompatibility. ix x This volume is complementary to various specialized books (for example, on nanopowders, sensors, or biomaterials) or more general books on nanomaterials or nanotechnology. It aims to present an overview of research activities in nanostructured materials for biomedical and sensor applications. All papers included in this book have been peer-reviewed prior to publication. Some of the contributed papers will be published in the special issues of Journal of Materials Processing and Manufacturing Science and Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya. This volume will be of interest for researchers and graduate students working in the area of materials science and engineering, nanotechnology, biomaterials and sensors. It can also be useful for engineers interested in production and use of relevant materials. We acknowledge the contribution of the Director of Institute for Problems of Materials Science Prof. V.V. Skorokhod and the members of the local Organizing committee Dr. L. Kolomiets and Dr. T. Babutina for making this ARW a successful and smoothly running meeting, and Mr. C. Avila for his help with editing this volume. Finally, we express our sincere gratitude to the NATO Science Committee for granting us an award to organize this meeting. Some of the administrative costs were borne by the Science and Technology Center Ukraine, Drexel University and the Institute for Problems of Materials Science of the National Academy of Science, Ukraine. Yury Gogotsi Irina V. Uvarova ~ 1Jf/I Department of Materials Engineering Institute for Problems of Materials Science Drexel University National Academy of Science Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Kyiv 03142, Ukraine