Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences Vinay Kumar Varsha Shriram Ravi Shukla Suresh Gosavi   Editors Nano-Strategies for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance Nano-Diagnostics, Nano-Carriers, and Nano-Antimicrobials Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences Series Editor Ram Prasad, Department of Botany Mahatma Gandhi Central University Motihari, Bihar, India Nano and biotechnology are two of the 21st century’s most promising technologies. Nanotechnology is demarcated as the design, development, and application of materials and devices whose least functional make up is on a nanometer scale (1 to 100 nm). Meanwhile, biotechnology deals with metabolic and other physiological developments of biological subjects including microorganisms. These microbial processes have opened up new opportunities to explore novel applications, for example, the biosynthesis of metal nanomaterials, with the implication that these two technologies (i.e., thus nanobiotechnology) can play a vital role in developing and executing many valuable tools in the study of life. Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale, to investigating whether we can directly control matters on/in the atomic scale level. This idea entails its application to diverse fields of science such as plant biology, organic chemistry, agriculture, the food industry, and more. Nanobiotechnology offers a wide range of uses in medicine, agriculture, and the environment. Many diseases that do not have cures today may be cured by nanotechnology in the future. Use of nanotechnology in medical therapeutics needs adequate evaluation of its risk and safety factors. Scientists who are against the use of nanotechnology also agree that advancement in nanotechnology should continue because this field promises great benefits, but testing should be carried out to ensure its safety in people. It is possible that nanomedicine in the future will play a crucial role in the treatment of human and plant diseases, and also in the enhancement of normal human physiology and plant systems, respectively. If everything proceeds as expected, nanobiotechnology will, one day, become an inevitable part of our everyday life and will help save many lives. Vinay Kumar • Varsha Shriram Ravi Shukla • Suresh Gosavi Editors Nano-Strategies for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance Nano-Diagnostics, Nano-Carriers, and Nano-Antimicrobials Editors Vinay Kumar Varsha Shriram Department of Biotechnology, Modern Department of Botany College of Arts, Science and Commerce Prof. Ramkrishna More College (Savitribai Phule Pune University) (Savitribai Phule Pune University) Ganeshkhind, Pune, India Akurdi, Pune, India Ravi Shukla Suresh Gosavi Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility Department of Physics NanoBiotechnology Research Savitribai Phule Pune University Laboratory (NBRL), School of Science Ganeshkhind, Pune, India RMIT University Melbourne, VIC, Australia Center for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC) RMIT University Melbourne, VIC, Australia ISSN 2523-8027 ISSN 2523-8035 (electronic) Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences ISBN 978-3-031-10219-6 ISBN 978-3-031-10220-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10220-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Antimicrobial drugs, especially the life-saving antibiotics, once the backbone of modern clinical medicine, are facing serious challenges from emerging antimicro- bial resistance (AMR), a condition where microbes develop resistance against the most common antibiotics used against them. Initially considered a nosocomial or hospital-related issue, the AMR unfortunately is spreading at a fast pace in bacterial species of community origins. AMR has exploded in recent years and is posing a serious threat to human health and survival. The drying pipeline of novel and effec- tive antibiotics effective against these drug-resistant “superbugs” has further aggra- vated the situation, and we are staring at a potential “post-antibiotic era.” AMR has been declared a global risk by intergovernmental agencies. This necessitates novel and effective ways for diagnosis, drug delivery, and treatment of AMR infections. Nanostrategies including nano-diagnostics, nano-carriers, and nano-antimicrobials are gaining momentum and are hailed as a potential solution in containing AMR. The main objective of this book is to promote research themed on the potential use of nano-approaches for diagnosis, detection, drug delivery, and as antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant pathogenic microbes, by providing an integrated blend of basic and advanced information for students, scholars, scientists, and practitio- ners interested or already engaged in research involving these areas and themes. This book presents the current understanding and updates on nano-strategies for combating AMR. The chapters in this book cover aspects ranging from advances in nanomaterials synthesis, characterization, functionalization, and improvisation to their applications in the diagnosis of AMR and their therapeutic and drug-delivery potentials against AMR phenotypes. Chapters are written by highly acclaimed experts of international repute working on different aspects of AMR and targeting it with nano-based approaches. We express our sincerest thanks and appreciation to our eminent authors for their first-rate and timely contributions. We gratefully acknowledge the reviewers for their valuable comments that helped in the improvement of the scientific content and quality of the chapters. v vi Preface We also thank the Springer publishing team comprising the publisher, editorial project manager, and the entire Springer production team for their consistent hard work in the publication of this book. Pune, India Vinay Kumar Pune, India Varsha Shriram Melbourne, VIC, Australia Ravi Shukla Pune, India Suresh Gosavi Contents 1 The History of Antibiotics Illumes the Future of Antimicrobial Peptides Administered Through Nanosystems . . . . 1 Nazim Nassar, Stefan Kasapis, Suneela Pyreddy, and Taghrid Istivan 2 Current Approaches and Prospects of Nanomaterials in Rapid Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Anupriya Baranwal, Vijay Kumar Aralappanavar, Bijay Kumar Behera, Vipul Bansal, and Ravi Shukla 3 Nanomaterial-Mediated Delivery of Antimicrobial Agents: ‘The Nanocarriers’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Pramod Barathe, Sagar Reddy, Kawaljeet Kaur, Varsha Shriram, Rohit Bhagwat, Abhijit Dey, Sandeep Kumar Verma, and Vinay Kumar 4 Nanoparticle Functionalization: Approaches and Applications . . . . . 157 Uttara Oak and Tushar Khare 5 Nano-adjuvants as Effective Next- Generation Antimicrobial Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Tuyelee Das, Mimosa Ghorai, Uttpal Anand, Arabinda Ghosh, Potshangbam Nongdam, Mahipal S. Shekhawat, Devendra Kumar Pandey, and Abhijit Dey 6 Limiting Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Using Multifunctional Nanomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Ragini Singh, Stuti Bhagat, and Sanjay Singh 7 Microbial Resistance Mechanisms and Potential of Metal-Organic Framework in Mitigation Thereof . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Shakil Ahmed Polash, Linda Varadi, and Ravi Shukla vii viii Contents 8 Silver-Based Nano-formulations for Treating Antibiotic-Resistant Microbial Strains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Anjali Chauhan, Devendra Sillu, Navneet Kaur Dhiman, and Shekhar Agnihotri 9 Gold Nanoparticles: A Lethal Nanoweapon Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Md. Monir Hossain, Shakil Ahmed Polash, Tanushree Saha, and Satya Ranjan Sarker 10 Antimicrobial Potentials of Zinc and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles . . . . 353 Mansee Thakur, Smital Poojary, Kapil Singh Thakur, and Vinay Kumar 11 Carbon Nanostructures for Fighting Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Nandini Gupta, Payal M. Deoghare, Prashant Singh, Mahipal Singh Sankhla, Swaroop S. Sonone, Kapil Parihar, C. R. Vanisree, Chandra Shekhar Yadav, and Sandeep Kumar Verma 12 Nanoformulations Against Multidrug- Resistant Members of ESKAPE Pathogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Kawaljeet Kaur, Pramod Barathe, Sagar Reddy, Varsha Shriram, Abhijit Dey, Suresh Gosavi, and Vinay Kumar Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 About the Editors Vinay Kumar is working as an associate professor in Department of Biotechnology, Modern College (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, India. He obtained his PhD in biotechnology from Savitribai Phule Pune University in 2009. He has pub- lished more than 65 peer-reviewed research/review articles with over 4000 citations, 27 book chapters, besides editing 6 books. He is a recipient of Young Scientist Award from SERB, Government of India. His research interests include antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in community settings, elucidating mechanisms underlying AMR, and combating it with phytochemi- cals and nanomaterials. He is on the editorial and reviewer boards of reputed journals. Varsha Shriram has completed her PhD in natural products chemistry and biotechnology at CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, and Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India. She is currently working as an associate professor, Botany Department, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Akurdi (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India. She has published more than 35 peer-reviewed research/review articles and is on the reviewer board for reputed journals. Her areas of research interest include medicinal plants, phytochemi- cals, and bioactivities including anticancer and antimi- crobial resistance reversal. She has completed extramural research projects in these and allied areas. ix