Myths, Martyrs, and Modernity Numen Book Series Studies in the History of Religions SeriesEditors Steven Engler(MountRoyalUniversity,Calgary,Canada) Richard King(VanderbiltUniversity,Nashville,U.S.A.) Kocku von Stuckrad(UniversityofGroningen,TheNetherlands) Gerard Wiegers(UniversityofAmsterdam,TheNetherlands) AdvisoryBoard B.Bocking(London,UK);F.DiezdeVelasco(Tenerife,Spain); I.S.Gilhus(Bergen,Norway);G.terHaar(TheHague, theNetherlands);R.I.J.Hackett(Knoxville,TN,USA);T.Jensen (Odense,Denmark);M.Joy(Calgary,Canada);A.H.Khan(Toronto, Canada);P.P.Kumar(Durban,SouthAfrica);G.L.Lease(SantaCruz, CA,USA);A.Tsukimoto(Tokyo,Japan); A.T.Wasim(Yogyakarta,Indonesia). VOLUME127 JanBremmerattheGettyResearchInstituteinLosAngeles, [photoChristineNguyen/GettyResearchInstitute] Myths, Martyrs, and Modernity Studies in the History of Religions in Honour of Jan N. Bremmer Editedby Jitse Dijkstra, Justin Kroesen, and Yme Kuiper LEIDEN•BOSTON 2010 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Myths,martyrs,andmodernity:studiesinthehistoryofreligionsinhonourofJanN. Bremmer/editedbyJitseDijkstra,JustinKroesen,andYmeKuiper. p.cm.–(Numenbookseries,ISSN0169-8834;v.127) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-90-04-18089-5(hardback:alk.paper) 1.Myth.2.Mythology.3.Christianity–Origin.4.Christianityandotherreligions–Judaism. 5.Judaism–Relations–Christianity.6.Religion–History.7.Civilization,Modern.I.Bremmer, JanN.II.Dijkstra,JitseH.F.III.Kroesen,J.E.A.(JustinE.A.),1975-IV.Kuiper,Y. BL312.M9892010 201'.309–dc22 2009045588 ISSN 0169-8834 ISBN 9789004180895 Copyright2010byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishers,MartinusNijhoffPublishersandVSP. 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Feesaresubjecttochange. printedinthenetherlands CONTENTS ListofIllustrations................................................ ix ListofContributorsandEditors ................................. xiii ListofAbbreviations.............................................. xix Introduction ...................................................... xxiii Acknowledgments................................................ xxxvii BibliographyofJanN.Bremmer(–) .................. xxxix partone greek androman religion TheCalydonianBoar ................................................. 3 MartinWest LesbianSapphoRevisited............................................. 13 AndréLardinois TheSignificance(orInsignificance)ofBlacknessinMythological Names .............................................................. 31 RichardBuxton TheCreativityofDisaster............................................. 43 SarahIlesJohnston UntimelyDeathfortheYoungGirl:EtiologicalFoundationsand InitiationPracticesinClassicalAthens ........................... 59 ClaudeCalame TheSo-CalledEnvyoftheGods:RevisitingaDogmaofAncient GreekReligion ..................................................... 75 LautaroRoigLanzilotta EarthquakesandtheGods:ReflectionsonGraeco-Roman ResponsestoCatastrophicEvents................................. 95 FritzGraf vi contents OraclesandGreekMentalities:TheManticConfirmationof ManticRevelations................................................. 115 PierreBonnechere PharaianKledomancy ................................................ 135 KennethLapatin ASocraticLeafCharmforHeadache(Charmidesb–c), OrphicGoldLeaves,andtheAncientGreekTraditionofLeaf Amulets ............................................................ 145 ChristopherA.Faraone Callimachus’SacrificetoApollo(Fragment.–)............... 167 RuurdR.Nauta Women’sAffairs?OnaGroupofAtticVotiveReliefswithUnusual Decoration ......................................................... 179 AnjaKlöckner NewProblemsinAthenianReligion:The‘SacredLaw’fromAixone 193 RobertParker ContractingCaterersonKeos........................................ 209 PetervanMinnen Mnasistratos,the‘Hierophant’atAndania(IG..andSyll.3 )................................................................. 219 VincianePirenne-Delforge PicturesfromanExecution........................................... 237 NicholasHorsfall MagianLessonsinNaturalHistory:UniqueAnimalsin Graeco-RomanNaturalMagic .................................... 249 RichardGordon Pliny:ThePietyofaPersecutor ...................................... 271 WalterAmeling ReligioversusReligion................................................ 301 GiovanniCasadio contents vii parttwo judaismandearlychristianity ScribalPracticesintheAramaicLiteraryTextsfromQumran ..... 329 FlorentinoGarcíaMartínez TheGreatestTranslationofAllTime:TheCulturalImportanceof theSeptuagint...................................................... 343 JackMiles TheReceptionofDanielandandtheMaccabeanMartyrdoms inHebrews:– .............................................. 359 JanWillemvanHenten WithoutGod:SomeNotesonaGreekExpression .................. 379 PieterW.vanderHorst IsEarlyChristianityaReligionoraPhilosophy?Reflectionson theImportanceof‘Knowledge’and‘Truth’intheLettersofPaul andPeter ........................................................... 393 GeorgeH.vanKooten RationalesfortheAdoptionofChristianity ......................... 409 KenDowden RewritingandTextualFluidityinAntiquity:Exploringthe Socio-culturalandPsychologicalContextofEarliestChristian Literacy............................................................. 425 IstvánCzachesz ThomasinEdessa?AnotherLookattheOriginalSettingofthe GospelofThomas................................................... 443 PierluigiPiovanelli OrphicsandGnostics................................................. 463 EinarThomassen RecognizingDemons................................................. 475 JandenBoeft AlternativeUsesofGarmentsintheGraeco-RomanWorld ........ 487 TonHilhorst AthensorJerusalem?FromEschatologicalHopestoCultural Memory ............................................................ 501 GuyG.Stroumsa