NUNC COGNOSCO EX PARTE THOMASJ. BATA LIBRARY TRENT UNIVERSITY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation https://archive.org/details/mythsmotifsinlitOOOOburr MYTHS and MOTIFS in LITERATURE MYTHS and MOTIFS in LITERATURE edited by DAVID J. BURROWS DOUGLASS COLLEGE FREDERICK R. LAPIDES UNIVERSITY OF BRIDGEPORT JOHN T. SHAWCROSS CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK The Free Press A Division of Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. New York Trent Univ rsity U^ary PETER&or°ugH' omt* ' Copyright © 1973 by The Free Press A Division of Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be re¬ produced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record¬ ing, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The Free Press A Division of Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. 866 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 72-90546 Printed in the United States of America printing number 23456789 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Maud Bodkin: “Archetypal Patterns in Tragic Poetry” is from Archetypal Pat¬ terns in Poetry by Maud Bodkin, published by Oxford University Press. Leslie Fiedler: “Archetype and Signature” is from Leslie A. Fiedler, “Archetype and Signature”: First published in The Sewanee Review, LX, 2 (Spring, 1952). Copyright © 1952 by The University of the South. Reprinted with the permission of the author and the publisher. Erich Fromm: “The Nature of Symbolic Language” is from The Forgotten Language by Erich Fromm. Copyright 1951 by Erich Fromm. Reprinted by permis¬ sion of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. William J. Goode: “Family and Religion” is reprinted with permission of The Macmillan Company from Religion Among the Primitives by William J. Goode. Copyright 1951 by William J. Goode. Sir James G. Frazer: “The Sacred Marriage” is reprinted with permission of The Macmillan Company from The Golden Bough by Sir James G. Frazer. Copy¬ right 1922 by The Macmillan Company, renewed 1950 by Barclays Bank Ltd. Northrop Frye: “Fictional Modes” is from Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism (copyright © 1957 by PUP; Princeton Paperback, 1971), pp. 33-35. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press. The Mission Indians of California: “The Origin of the World” is from the Journal of American Folklore, 19 (1906), 312-314. Reprinted by permission of the American Folklore Society, Inc. Ovid: “The Creation”; “The Four Ages”; “Jove’s Intervention”; “The Story of Lycaon”; “The Flood” are from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, translated by Rolfe Hum¬ phries. Copyright © 1955 by Indiana University Press. Reprinted by permission of Indiana University Press. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V John Lennon and Paul McCartney: “Lady Madonna” Copyright © 1968 by Northern Songs Limited. Used by permission. All rights reserved. John Barth: “Night-Sea Journey”—Copyright © 1966 by John Barth from Lost in the Funhouse. Reprinted by © permission of Doubleday & Company, Inc. Ted Hughes: “Crow Blacker Than Ever” is from Crow by Ted Hughes. Copy¬ right © 1971 by Ted Hughes. Reprinted by permission of Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. Ovid: “Europa” is from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, translated by Rolfe Humphries. Copyright © 1955 by Indiana University Press. Reprinted by permission of Indiana University Press. William Butler Yeats: “Leda and the Swan” is reprinted with permission of The Macmillan Company from Collected Poems by William Butler Yeats. Copyright 1928 by The Macmillan Company, renewed 1956 by Georgie Yeats. James Joyce: “Araby” is from Dubliners by James Joyce. Originally published by B. W. Huebsch, Inc. in 1916. Copyright © 1967 by the Estate of James Joyce. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of The Viking Press, Inc. Dylan Thomas: “Fern Hill” is from Collected Poems by Dylan Thomas. Copy¬ right 1946 by New Directions Publishing Corporation. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. A. E. Housman: “When I Was One-and-Twentv” is from “A Shropshire Lad”— Authorised Edition—from The Collected Poems of A. E. Housman. Copyright 1939, 1940, © 1959 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Copyright © 1967, 1968 by Robert E. Symons. Reprinted by permission of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Sean O’Faolain: “Innocence” is from The Man Who Invented Sin by Sean O’Faolain. Copyright 1948 by The Devin-Adair Company. David Wagoner: “The Hero with One Face” is from A Place To Stand, by David Wagoner. Copyright © 1958 by Indiana University Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Kenneth Patchen: “What Is The Beautiful?” is from Collected Poems by Kenneth Patchen. Copyright 1943 by Kenneth Patchen. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. William Butler Yeats: “The Land of Heart’s Desire” is reprinted with permission of The Macmillan Company from Collected Plays by William Butler Yeats. Copyright 1934, 1952 by The Macmillan Company. Allen Tate: “The Mediterranean” is reprinted by permission of Charles Scribners Sons from Poems by Allen Tate. Copyright 1932 Charles Scribner’s Sons; renewal copyright © 1960 Allen Tate. Grey Cohoe: “The Promised Visit” is from Design for Good Reading, Level D, by Melba Schumacher et ah, © 1969 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. and re¬ printed with their permission. James Joyce: “An Encounter” is from Dubliners by James Joyce. Originally published by B. W. Huebsch, Inc. in 1916. Copyright © 1967 by the Estate of James Joyce. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of The Viking Press, Inc. Homer: “Telemachus” is from The Odyssey of Homer, translated by W. H. D. Rouse. Copyright 1937 W. H. D. Rouse. By arrangement with The New American Library, Inc., New York, New York. e. e. cummings: “my father moved through dooms of love”—Copyright, 1940, by e. e. cummings; Copyright, 1968, by Marion Morehouse Cummings. Reprinted from Poems 1923-1954 by e. e. cummings by permission of Harcourt Brace Jovano¬ vich, Inc. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VI Sylvia Plath: “Daddy” is from Ariel by Sylvia Plath. Copyright © 1963 by Ted Hughes. Reprinted by permission of Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. Par Lagerkvist: “Father and I” is from Modern Swedish Short Stories, trans¬ lated by M. Ekenberg. Reprinted by permission of Jonathan Cape Limited, London. Delmore Schwartz: “In Dreams Begin Responsibilities” is from The World Is a Wedding by Delmore Schwartz. Copyright 1938 by New Directions, 1948 by Delmore Schwartz. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. Ovid: “The Story of Orpheus and Eurydice” is from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, translated by Rolfe Humphries. Copyright © 1955 by Indiana University Press. Re¬ printed by permission of Indiana University Press. Durango Mendoza: “Summer Water and Shirley” is reprinted by permission from Prairie Schooner. Copyright © 1969 by the University of Nebraska Press. D. H. Lawrence: “Snake” is from The Complete Poems of D. H. Lawrence, Volume I, edited by Vivian de Sola Pinto and F. Warren Roberts. Copyright 1923, renewed 1951 by Frieda Lawrence. Reprinted by permission of The Viking Press, Inc. Alfred Hayes: “Joe Hill”—Copyright 1938, renewed and assigned © 1965, © 1970 by MCA Music, A Division of MCA, Inc., 445 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022. Used by permission. Homer: “Achilles” is from The Iliad by Homer, translated by W. H. D. Rouse. Copyright 1937 W. H. D. Rouse. By arrangement with The New American Library, Inc., New York, New York. Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound is reprinted from The Three Greek Plays, trans¬ lated and with introductions by Edith Hamilton. By permission of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Copyright 1937 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Copyright renewed 1965 by Dorian Fielding Reid. Georg Buchner: Woyzeck is reprinted by permission of Hill and Wang, a division of Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Georg Buchner: Complete Plays and Prose, translated by Carl Richard Mueller. Copyright © 1963 by Carl Richard Mueller. Edwin Muir: “Oedipus” is from Collected Poems by Edwin Muir. Copyright © 1960 by Willa Muir. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press, Inc. Conrad Aiken: “Morning Song from ‘Senlin’” is from Collected Poems by Conrad Aiken. Copyright 1953 by Conrad Aiken. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press, Inc. Robert Duncan: “Parsifal” is from Bending the Bow. Copyright © 1968 by Robert Duncan. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. Dick Allen: “Rethinking a Children’s Story” appeared in Cimarron Review, #4, June, 1968. Reprinted by permission of the author. Langston Hughes: “God’s Other Side” is from Simple’s Uncle Sam by Langston Hughes. Copyright © 1965 by Langston Hughes. Reprinted by permission of Hill and Wang, Inc. Woody Guthrie: “New Kittens” is from the book Bound for Glory by Woody Guthrie. Copyright 1943, 1968 by E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., publishers, and reprinted with their permission. Isaac Bashevis Singer: “Gimpel the Fool” is from A Treasury of Yiddish Stories, edited by Irving Howe and Eliezer Greenberg. Copyright 1953 by Isaac Bashevis Singer. Reprinted by permission of The Viking Press, Inc. George Meredith: “Lucifer in Starlight” is from Selected Poems by George Meredith (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1897).