MUSIC IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Western Music in Context: A Norton History Walter Frisch series editor Music in the Medieval West, by Margot Fassler Music in the Renaissance, by Richard Freedman Music in the Baroque, by Wendy Heller Music in the Eighteenth Century, by John Rice Music in the Nineteenth Century, by Walter Frisch Music in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries, by Joseph Auner MUSIC IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Walter Frisch Columbia University n W. W. NORTON AND COMPANY (cid:16)(cid:5)(cid:25)(cid:395)(cid:27)(cid:17)(cid:20)(cid:12)(cid:395)(cid:272)(cid:395)(cid:13)(cid:17)(cid:16)(cid:4)(cid:17)(cid:16) W. W. Norton & Company has been independent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder Norton and Mary D. Herter Norton first published lectures delivered at the People’s In- stitute, the adult education division of New York City’s Cooper Union. The firm soon expanded its program beyond the Institute, publishing books by celebrated academics from America and abroad. By midcentury, the two major pillars of Norton’s publishing program—trade books and college texts—were firmly established. In the 1950s, the Norton family transferred control of the company to its employees, and today—with a staff of four hundred and a comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year—W. W. Norton & Company stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees. Copyright © 2013 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Editor: Maribeth Payne Associate Editor: Justin Hoffman Assistant Editor: Ariella Foss Developmental Editor: Harry Haskell Manuscript Editor: Jodi Beder Project Editor: Jack Borrebach Electronic Media Editor: Steve Hoge Marketing Manager, Music: Amy Parkin Production Manager: Ashley Horna Photo Editor: Stephanie Romeo Permissions Manager: Megan Jackson Text Design: Jillian Burr Composition: CMPreparé Manufacturing: Quad/Graphics—Fairfield, PA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Frisch, Walter, 1951- Music in the nineteenth century / Walter Frisch.—1st ed. p.cm. — (Western music in context: a Norton history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-393-92919-5 (pbk.) 1. Music—19th century—History and criticism. I. Title. ML196.F75 2013 780.9'034—dc23 2012028569 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110-0017 www.wwnorton.com W. W. Norton & Company, Ltd., Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London W1T3QT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 For Marilyn, Devin, Nick, and Simon loving and supportive quartet CONTENTS IN BRIEF Contents ix Anthology Repertoire xii Series Editor’s Preface xiii Author’s Preface xv CHAPTER 1 Nineteenth-Century Music and Its Contexts 1 CHAPTER 2 The Romantic Imagination 13 CHAPTER 3 Music and the Age of Metternich 32 CHAPTER 4 The Opera Industry 52 CHAPTER 5 Making Music Matter: Criticism and Performance 73 CHAPTER 6 Making Music Speak: Program Music and the Character Piece 92 CHAPTER 7 Beyond Romanticism 112 CHAPTER 8 Richard Wagner and Wagnerism 133 CHAPTER 9 Verdi, Operetta, and Popular Appeal 153 CHAPTER 10 Concert Culture and the “Great” Symphony 174 CHAPTER 11 Musical Life and Identity in the United States 195 CHAPTER 12 The Fin de Siècle and the Emergence of Modernism 215 CHAPTER 13 The Sound of Nineteenth-Century Music 236 vii contents in brief viii Glossary A1 Endnotes A10 Credits A18 Index A19