MUSCLE RECEPTORS AND MOVEMENT Symposium on muscle receptors and movement, Sherrington School of Physiology, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London, July 8th and 9th, 1980 BACK: S. Rossignol, J. Duysens, M. Hulliger, H. Forssberg, D. G. Stuart, E. D. Schornburg, H. Steffens, J. A. Hoffer, W. Z. Ryrner, K. Fukushirna, M. Kato, P. B. C. Matthews, S. Andreassen MIDDLE: P. M. H. Rack, D. R. Westbury, B. Appelberg, V. Dietz, J. A. Stephens, C. Ghez, U. Proske, K. Appenteng, J. H. J. AHurn, P. H. Ellaway, F. Ernonet-Denand, D. W. Harker, K.-E. Hagbarth, J. C. Houk, M. J. Stacey FRONT: L. Jarni, R. W. Banks, J. Noth, J. Paillard, P. Wand, A. Taylor, A. Prochazka, S. Grillner, Y. Laporte, 1. A. Boyd, D. Barker, S. Hornrna, A. B. Vallbo MUSCLE RECEPTORS AND MOVEMENT Proceedings of a Symposium held at the Sherrington School of Physiology, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London, on July 8th and 9th, 1980 Edited by A. Taylor and A. Prochazka M © The contributors 1981 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1981 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission First published 1981 by Scientific and Medical Division MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LT D London and Basingstoke Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-1-349-06024-5 ISBN 978-1-349-06022-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-06022-1 The organisers gratefully acknowledge the following companies and organisations for their financial support, which made the symposium possible: The Wellcome Trust St Thomas's Hospital Research Endowments Committee Medelec Ud Digitimer Ud Kodak Ud Cambridge Electronic Design Ud Niagara Therapy Ud The Parkinsons Society Contents The Contributors xi Foreword. T. A. Sears xv Preface and Acknowledgements xviii SECTION 1 MUSCLE SPINDLE STRUCTURE AND SENSITIVITY 1 Overview 3 Structural aspects of fusimotor effects on spindie sensitivity. R. W. BANKS, D. BARKER and M. J. STA CEY (Durharn, UK) 5 The action of the three types of intrafusal fibre in isolated cat muscle spindies of the dynamic and length sensitivities of primary and secondary sensory endings. I. A. BOYD (Glasgow, UK) 17 Nature of the dynamic response and its relation to the high sensitivity of muscle spin dies to sm all changes in length. J. C. HOUK, W. Z. RYMER and P. E. CRAGO (Chicago, USA) 33 Critique P. B. C. MA TTHEWS (Oxford, UK) 45 Fusimotor actions on the sensitivity of spindie secondary endings. L. JAMI and J. PETIT (Paris, France) 51 Muscle stretch as a way of detecting brief activation ofbag j fibres by dynamic axons. F. EMONET-DENAND and Y. LAPORTE (Paris, France) 67 Security of driving of Ia afferents by vibration that simultaneously elicits a tonic vibration reflex. F. J. CLARK, P. B. C. MATTHEWSandR. B. MUIR (Oxford, UK) 77 vii viii Contents SECTlON 2 CNS CONTROL OF FUSIMOTOR NEURONS 83 Overview 85 Electrophysiological characteristics of spinal gamma motoneurons in the cat. D. R. WESTBURY (Birmingham, UK) 87 Selective central control of dynamic gamma motoneurons utilised for the functional c1assification of gamma cells. B. APPELBERG (Umea, Sweden) 97 The activity of intrafusal fibres during central stimulation in the cat. M. H. GLADDEN (Glasgow, UK) 109 Critiques K. S. K. MURTHY (Houston, USA) 123 P. H. ELLAWAY(London, UK) 129 Autogenetic effects from spindIe primary endings and tendon organs on the discharge of gamma motoneurons in the cat. P. H. ELLAW A Y, P. R. MURPHY and J. R. TROTT (London, UK) 137 Reflex activation of dynamic fusimotor neurons by natural stimulation of muscle and joint receptor afferent units. B. APPELBERG, M. HULLIGER, H. JOHANSSON and P. SOJKA (Umeä, Sweden) 149 Functional roles of fusimotor and skeletofusimotor neurons studied in the decerebratecat. W. Z. RYMER*, E. M. POST* andF. R. EDWARDSt (*Chicago and tSyracuse, USA) 163 Distinctive modes of static and dynamic fusimotor drive in jaw muscles. A. TA YLOR and K. APPENTENG (London, UK) 179 Critique S. GRILLNER (Stockholm, Sweden) 193 Cutaneous and proprioceptive reflex effects on intact muscle efferents and afferents. P. BESSOU, M. JOFFROY and B. PAGES (Toulouse, France) 199 Autogenetic and antagonistic group 11 effects on extensor gamma motoneurons of the decerebrate cat. J. NOTH (Freiburg, W. Germany) 207 Contents ix SECTION 3 MUSCLE AFFERENT DISCHARGE IN VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT 215 Overview 217 Muscle spindie function during normal and perturbed locomotion in cats. G. E. LOEB and J. A. HOFFER (Bethesda, USA) 219 Independence of fusimotor and skeletomotor systems during voluntary movement. A. PROCHAZKA and P. WAND (London, UK) 229 Critiques K.-E. HAGBARTH (Uppsala, Sweden) 245 Ä. B. VALLBO (Umea, Sweden) 249 Muscle spindie responses to rapid stretching in normal cats. A. PROCHAZKA and P. WAND (London, UK) 257 Basic patterns of muscle spindie discharge in man. A. B. V ALLBO (Umeä, Sweden) 263 Fusimotor and stretch reflex functions studied in recordings from muscle spindie afferents in man. K.-E. HAGBARTH (Uppsala, Sweden) 277 Critiques A. TA YLOR (London, UK) 287 A. STRUPPLER (Munich, W. Germany) 291 SECTION 4 REFLEXES MEDIATED BY MUSCLE AFFERENTS 295 Overview 297 Function of the spindie dynamic response in stiffness regulation-a predictive mechanism pravided by non-linear feedback. J. C. HOUK, P. E. CRAGO and W. Z. RYMER (Chicago, USA) 299 Limitations in the servo-regulation of soleus muscIe stiffness in premammillary cats. J. A. HOFFER and S. ANDREASSEN (Bethesda, USA) 311 Observations on the contra I of human ankle position by stretch reflexes. J. H. J. ALLUM (Zürich, Switzerland) 325 Contribution of spinal stretch reflexes to the activity ofleg muscIes in running. V. DIETZ (Freiburg, W. Germany) 339 x Contents Critiques P. M. H. RACK (Birmingham, UK) 347 J. A. STEPHENS (London, UK) 355 Muscle stiffness and locomotion. U. PROSKE and B. WALMSLEY (MeIbourne, Australia) 365 Examination of stretch reflexes in biceps and triceps muscles of the human arm using pseudo-random stimulation. S. W. JOHNSON*, P. A. L YNN*, S. MILLERt and G. A. L. REED* (*Bristol and tNewcastle, UK) 373 Area display of H, M and T waves. S. HOMMA, Y. NAKAJIMA, K. HA Y ASHI, M. SHITO and K. SATO (Chiba, Japan) 381 State-dependent responses du ring locomotion. S. ROSSIGNOL, C. JULlEN, L. GAUTHIER and J. P. LUND (Montreal, Canada) 389 Phasic gating of cutaneous reflexes during locomotion. H. FORSSBERG (Stockholm, Sweden) 403 Changes in segmental and prapriospinal reflex pathways during spinal locomotion. E. D. SCHOMBURG, H.-B. BEHRENDS and H. STEFFENS (Göttingen, W. Germany) 413 On the feedback contral of the cat's hindlimb during locomotion. O. ANDERSSON and S. GRILLNER (Stockholm, Sweden) 427 Critiques J. DUYSENS (Leuven, Belgium) 433 D. G. STUART (Tucson, USA) 437