M U N S O N , Y O U N G A N D O K I I S H I ’ S Eighth Edition Philip M. Gerhart Andrew L. Gerhart John I. Hochstein WileyPLUS is a research-based online environment for effective teaching and learning. WileyPLUS builds students’ confidence because it takes the guesswork out of studying by providing students with a clear roadmap: • what to do • how to do it • if they did it right It offers interactive resources along with a complete digital textbook that help students learn more. With WileyPLUS, students take more initiative so you’ll have greater impact on their achievement in the classroom and beyond. For more information, visit www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! www.wileyplus.com/resources Student Partner Program 2-Minute Tutorials and all Student support from an Collaborate with your colleagues, of the resources you and your experienced student user find a mentor, attend virtual and live students need to get started events, and view resources www.WhereFacultyConnect.com Quick Start © Courtney Keating/iStockphoto Pre-loaded, ready-to-use Technical Support 24/7 Your WileyPLUS Account Manager, assignments and presentations FAQs, online chat, providing personal training created by subject matter experts and phone support and support www.wileyplus.com/support Munson, Young, and Okiishi’s 8 Fundamentals of e Fluid Mechanics Philip M. Gerhart College of Engineering and Computer Science University of Evansville Evansville, Indiana Andrew L. Gerhart A. Leon Linton Department of Mechanical Engineering Lawrence Technological University Southfi eld, Michigan John I. Hochstein Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Memphis Memphis, Tennessee Executive Editor: Linda Ratts Executive Publisher: Don Fowley Senior Product Designer: Jennifer Welter Senior Content Manager: Valerie Zaborski Associate Product Designer: Wendy Ashenberg Design Director: Harry Nolan Senior Designer: Madelyn Lesure Executive Marketing Manager: Dan Sayre Photo Researcher: Billy Ray Editorial Assistant: Courtney Jordan Senior Production Editor: John Curley Production Management Services: Aptara Inc./Peggy Kellar Cover Design: Wendy Lai Cover Photo: Graham Jeff ery/Sensitive Light This book was set in 10/12 STIX Regular by Aptara®, Inc., and printed and bound by Courier Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier Kendallville. 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Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley. Return instructions and a free of charge return shipping label are available at www.wiley.com/go/returnlabel. Outside of the United States, please contact your local representative. ISBN 978-1-119-08070-1 (Binder-Ready Version) The inside back cover will contain printing identifi cation and country of origin if omitted from this page. In addition, if the ISBN on the back cover diff ers from the ISBN on this page, the one on the back cover is correct Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 About the Authors Philip M. Gerhart, Dean of Engineering and Computer Science and Professor of Mechanical and Civil Engineering at the University of Evansville, received his BSME degree from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in 1968 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1969 and 1971. Before becoming Chair of Mechani- cal and Civil Engineering at the University of Evansville, he was on the Mechanical Engineering faculty at the University of Akron from 1971 to 1984. Dr. Gerhart has taught a variety of courses in fl uid mechanics and other thermo-fl uid sciences. He has consulted widely in the power generation and process industries and has authored or coau- thored two previous books on fl uid mechanics and fl uid machinery. Since 1975, he has been deeply involved in the development of the American Society of Me- chanical Engineers Performance Test Codes. He served as ASME Vice President for Performance Test Codes from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member and vice-chair of the Committee on Fans, chair of the Committee on Fired Steam Generators, and a member of the Standing Committee on Performance Test Codes. Dr. Gerhart is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and is a Life Fel- low of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. His honors and awards include the Outstand- ing Teacher Award from the Faculty Senate of the United Methodist Church, and the Performance Test Codes Medal from ASME. Andrew L. Gerhart, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Lawrence Technological University, received his BSME degree from the University of Evansville in 1996, his MSME from the University of Wyoming, and his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of New Mexico. At Lawrence Tech, Dr. Gerhart has developed both undergraduate and graduate courses in vis- cous fl ow, turbulence, creative problem solving, and fi rst-year introductory engineering. He has co- developed college-wide curriculum in engineering design and university-wide curriculum in lead- ership. He is the supervisor of the Thermal Science and Aerodynamics Laboratories, Coordinator of the Aeronautical Engineering Minor/Certifi cate, chair of the First Year Engineering curriculum committee, and faculty advisor for the student branch of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the SAE Aero Design team. Dr. Gerhart facilitates workshops worldwide, having trained hundreds of faculty members in active, collaborative, and problem-based learning, as well as training professional engineers and students in creative problem solving and innovation. He is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and has received four best paper awards from their Annual Conferences. Dr. Gerhart was awarded the 2010 Michigan Professor of the Year by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education, Lawrence Tech’s Henry and Barbara Horldt Excellence in Teaching Award, the Engineering Society of Detroit’s (ESD) Outstanding Young Engineer, and ESD’s Council Leadership Award. He was elected to ESD’s College of Fellows, and is actively involved with The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, serving on the Performance Test Code Committee for Air-Cooled Condensers. John I. Hochstein, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Memphis, received a BE from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1973, an M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the Pennsylvania State University in 1979, and his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Univer- sity of Akron in 1984. He has been on the faculty of the mechanical engineering department at the University of Memphis since 1991 and served as department chair from 1996 to 2014. Working as an engineer in nonacademic positions, Dr. Hochstein contributed to the design of the Ohio-Class submarines at the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics and to the design of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor while an engineer at the Babcock & Wilcox Company. The focus of his doctoral studies was computational modeling of spacecraft cryogenic propellant man- agement systems, and he has remained involved with NASA research on this topic since that time. ix x About the Authors Dr. H ochstein has twice been a NASA Summer Faculty Fellow for two consecutive summers: once at the NASA Lewis (now Glenn) Research Center, and once at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. Dr. Hochstein’s current primary research focus is on the capture of hydrokinetic energy to produce electricity. Dr. Hochstein is an Associate Fellow of AIAA and has served on the Microgravity Space P rocesses Technical Committee since 1986. He joined ASME as an undergraduate student and served for 4 years on the K20 Computational Heat Transfer Committee. He is a member of ASEE and has served the profession as an ABET Program Evaluator since 2002. About the New Authors xi A Quarter-Century of Excellence Bruce R. Munson, Professor Emeritus of Engineering Mechanics at Iowa State University, received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Purdue University and his Ph.D. degree from the Aerospace Engi- neering and Mechanics Department of the University of Minnesota in 1970. Prior to joining the Iowa State University faculty in 1974, Dr. Munson was on the mechanical engineering faculty of Duke University from 1970 to 1974. From 1964 to 1966, he worked as an engineer in the jet engine fuel control department of Bendix Aerospace Corporation, South Bend, Indiana. Dr. Munson’s main professional activity has been in the area of fl uid mechanics education and research. He has been responsible for the development of many fl uid mechanics courses for studies in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, engineering science, and agricultural engineering and is the recipient of an Iowa State University Superior Engineering Teacher Award and the Iowa State University Alumni Association Faculty Citation. He has authored and coauthored many theoretical and experimental technical papers on hydrodynamic stability, low Reynolds number fl ow, secondary fl ow, and the applications of viscous incompressible fl ow. He is a member of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Donald F. Young, Anson Marston Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Engineering, received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering, his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in theoretical and applied me- chanics from Iowa State University, and has taught both undergraduate and graduate courses in fl uid mechanics at Iowa State for many years. In addition to being named a Distinguished Professor in the College of Engineering, Dr. Young has also received the Standard Oil Foundation Outstanding Teacher Award and the Iowa State University Alumni Association Faculty Citation. He has been engaged in fl uid mechanics research for more than 35 years, with special interests in similitude and modeling and the interdisciplinary fi eld of biomedical fl uid mechanics. Dr. Young has contributed to many technical publications and is the author or coauthor of two textbooks on applied mechanics. He is a Fellow of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Ted H. Okiishi, Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at Iowa State University, joined the faculty there in 1967 after receiving his undergraduate and graduate degrees from that institution. From 1965 to 1967, Dr. Okiishi served as a U.S. Army offi cer with duty assignments at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, where he participated in rocket nozzle heat transfer research, and at the Combined Intelligence Center, Saigon, Republic of South Vietnam, where he studied seasonal river fl ooding problems. Professor Okiishi and his students have been active in research on turbomachinery fl uid dy- namics. Some of these projects have involved signifi cant collaboration with government and indus- trial laboratory researchers, with two of their papers winning the ASME Melville Medal (in 1989 and 1998). Dr. Okiishi has received several awards for teaching. He has developed undergraduate and graduate courses in classical fl uid dynamics as well as the fl uid dynamics of turbomachines. He is a licensed professional engineer. His professional society activities include having been a vice president of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and of the American Society for Engineering Education. He is a Life Fellow of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers and past editor of its Journal of Turbomachinery. He was recently honored with the ASME R. Tom Sawyer Award. Wade W. Huebsch, Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineer- ing at West Virginia University, received his B.S. degree in aerospace engineering from San Jose State University where he played college baseball. He received his M.S. degree in mechanical engi- neering and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from Iowa State University in 2000. Dr. Huebsch specializes in computational fl uid dynamics research and has authored multiple journal articles in the areas of aircraft icing, roughness-induced fl ow phenomena, and boundary xi xii A Quarter-Century of Excellence layer fl ow control. He has taught both undergraduate and graduate courses in fl uid mechanics and has developed a new undergraduate course in computational fl uid dynamics. He has received mul- tiple teaching awards such as Outstanding Teacher and Teacher of the Year from the College of Engineering and Mineral Resources at WVU as well as the Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award from SAE. He was also named as the Young Researcher of the Year from WVU. He is a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Sigma Xi research society, the Society of Automotive Engineers, and the American Society of Engineering Education. Alric P. Rothmayer, Professor of Aerospace Engineering at Iowa State University, received his un- dergraduate and graduate degrees from the Aerospace Engineering Department at the University of Cincinnati, during which time he also worked at NASA Langley Research Center and was a visiting graduate research student at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London. He joined the faculty at Iowa State University (ISU) in 1985 after a research fellowship sponsored by the Offi ce of Naval Research at University College in London. Dr. Rothmayer has taught a wide variety of undergraduate fl uid mechanics and propulsion c ourses for over 25 years, ranging from classical low and high speed fl ows to propulsion cycle analysis. Dr. Rothmayer was awarded an ISU Engineering Student Council Leadership Award, an ISU Foundation Award for Early Achievement in Research, an ISU Young Engineering Faculty Research Award, and a National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award. He is an Associ- ate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and was chair of the 3rd AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Conference. Dr. Rothmayer specializes in the integration of Computational Fluid Dynamics with asymp- totic methods and low order modeling for viscous fl ows. His research has been applied to diverse areas ranging from internal fl ows through compliant tubes to fl ow control and aircraft icing. In 2001, Dr. Rothmayer won a NASA Turning Goals into Reality (TGIR) Award as a member of the Aircraft Icing Project Team, and also won a NASA Group Achievement Award in 2009 as a member of the LEWICE Ice Accretion Software Development Team. He was also a member of the SAE AC-9C Aircraft Icing Technology Subcommittee of the Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee of SAE and the Fluid Dynamics Technical Committee of AIAA.