Health Reference Series Multiple Sclerosis SOURCEBOOK SECOND EDITION Basic Consumer Health Information about Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Its Effects on Mobility, Vision, Bladder Function, Speech, Swallowing, and Cognition, Including Facts about Risk Factors, Causes, Diagnostic Procedures, Pain Management, Drug Treatments, and Physical and Occupational Therapies Along with Guidelines for Nutrition and Exercise, Tips on Choosing Assistive Equipment, Information about Disability, Work, Financial, and Legal Issues, a Glossary of Related Terms, and a Directory of Additional Resources Multiple Sclerosis SOURCEBOOK SECOND EDITION Health Reference Series Multiple Sclerosis SOURCEBOOK SECOND EDITION Basic Consumer Health Information about Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Its Effects on Mobility, Vision, Bladder Function, Speech, Swallowing, and Cognition, Including Facts about Risk Factors, Causes, Diagnostic Procedures, Pain Management, Drug Treatments, and Physical and Occupational Therapies Along with Guidelines for Nutrition and Exercise, Tips on Choosing Assistive Equipment, Information about Disability, Work, Financial, and Legal Issues, a Glossary of Related Terms, and a Directory of Additional Resources 615 Griswold, Ste. 520, Detroit, MI 48226 Bibliographic Note Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice. * * * OMNIGRAPHICS Angela L. Williams, Managing Editor * * * Copyright © 2019 Omnigraphics ISBN 978-0-7808-1697-8 E-ISBN 978-0-7808-1698-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Title: Multiple sclerosis sourcebook: basic consumer health information about multiple sclerosis (MS) and its effects on mobility, vision, bladder function, speech, swallowing, and cognition, including facts about risk factors, causes, diagnostic procedures, pain management, treatment, and physical and occupation therapies, along with guidelines for nutrition and exercise, tips on choosing assistive equipment, information about disability, work, financial, and legal issues, a glossary of related terms and a directory of additional resources / Lauren Parrott, managing editor. Description: 2nd edition. | Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, Inc., [2019] Identifiers: LCCN 2019009454| ISBN 9780780816978 (hard cover: alk. paper) | ISBN 9780780816985 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Multiple sclerosis--Popular works. Classification: LCC RC377.M8638 2019 | DDC 616.8/34--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019009454 Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other infor- mation storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without permission in writing from the publisher. The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliability, the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data, and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained herein. This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard. Printed in the United States Table of Contents Preface ..........................................................................................xiii Part I: Multiple Sclerosis: Causes, Risk Factors, and Disease Course Chapter 1— Multiple Sclerosis Overview .....................................3 Chapter 2— Autoimmune Diseases: Is Multiple Sclerosis One of Them? .............................................7 Chapter 3— Multiple Sclerosis: Complex Disease of the Central Nervous System ..............................13 Section 3.1— Nervous System: An Anatomical Overview .................14 Section 3.2— How Multiple Sclerosis Targets Myelin ............................17 Chapter 4— Understanding the Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis ...................................................19 Chapter 5— Multiple Sclerosis in Women, Children, and Men ..................................................25 Chapter 6— Causative Agents of Multiple Sclerosis .................31 Chapter 7— Multiple Sclerosis: Disease Course and Exacerbation ...........................................................35 Chapter 8— Rare and Unusual Variants of Multiple Sclerosis ...................................................41 v Section 8.1— Schilder Disease—Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis .......................42 Section 8.2— Marburg Variant Multiple Sclerosis—Malignant ..................43 Chapter 9— Other Demyelinating Diseases ..............................45 Section 9.1— Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ...........................46 Section 9.2— Neuromyelitis Optica ..................47 Chapter 10— Multiple Sclerosis: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow .........................................................51 Part II: Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Chapter 11— Overview of Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms ............57 Chapter 12— Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis .............................61 Chapter 13— Tremors ...................................................................65 Chapter 14— Fatigue in People with Multiple Sclerosis .............77 Chapter 15— Speech and Swallowing Problems Associated with Multiple Sclerosis ........................81 Chapter 16— Vocal Fold Paralysis ...............................................85 Chapter 17— Vision Problem and Multiple Sclerosis ..................89 Chapter 18— Bladder Changes in Multiple Sclerosis .................95 Chapter 19— Cognitive Deficits in People with Multiple Sclerosis ...................................................99 Chapter 20— Depression and Anxiety in People with Multiple Sclerosis .........................................105 Part III: Diagnostic Tests, Treatments, and Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis Chapter 21— Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis ..............................111 Section 21.1— Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis .....................112 vi Section 21.2— Neurological Diagnostic Tests and Procedures................118 Chapter 22— The Multiple Sclerosis Healthcare Team ............131 Chapter 23— Working with a Neurologist .................................135 Chapter 24— Treatment Options for Multiple Sclerosis .................................................................141 Chapter 25— Drug Treatments and Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis .................................................145 Section 25.1— Multiple Sclerosis Agents .........146 Section 25.2— Multiple Sclerosis: Therapeutics under Research ....................................151 Section 25.3— New Drugs for Treating Multiple Sclerosis .....................153 Section 25.4— The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Warns about Worsening of Multiple Sclerosis after Stopping the Medicine Gilenya ......................156 Chapter 26— Treating the Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis .................................................................161 Chapter 27— Treating Exacerbations and Relapses .................167 Chapter 28— Treating Involuntary Movement .........................173 Section 28.1— Controlling Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis .....................174 Section 28.2— Deep Brain Stimulation for Multiple Sclerosis ................177 Section 28.3— Myoclonus..................................180 Chapter 29— Potential New Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis .................................................187 Chapter 30— Multiple Sclerosis Pain Management ..................191 Chapter 31— Rehabilitation for Multiple Sclerosis ...................195 Section 31.1— How to Choose a Rehabilitation Facility ..............196 vii Section 31.2— Rehabilitation Options for People with Multiple Sclerosis .....................................199 Section 31.3— Physical and Occupational Rehabilitation ...........................202 Section 31.4— Cognitive Rehabilitation for Multiple Sclerosis ................204 Section 31.5— Music Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis .....................207 Section 31.6— Cooling Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis .....................210 Chapter 32— Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Multiple Sclerosis ............................215 Chapter 33— Plasmapheresis .....................................................227 Chapter 34— Stem Cell Transplant Induces Multiple Sclerosis Remission ..............................................231 Part IV: Living with Multiple Sclerosis Chapter 35— Resilience: Addressing the Challenges of MS ......................................................................237 Chapter 36— Self-Management for Living Well ........................241 Chapter 37— Vaccinations and People with Multiple Sclerosis .................................................................245 Chapter 38— Contraception for Women with Multiple Sclerosis .................................................251 Chapter 39— Multiple Sclerosis and Diet ..................................255 Chapter 40— Exercise Guidelines for People with Multiple Sclerosis .................................................259 Section 40.1— Planning Your Activities and Designing an Exercise Program .....................................260 Section 40.2— Tips for Exercising ....................264 Chapter 41— Sleep and Multiple Sclerosis ................................267 Chapter 42— Stress and Multiple Sclerosis ...............................271 viii