M.Tech. Thesis MULTIOBJECTIVE GAIN-IMPEDANCE OPTIMIZATION OF 6-WIRE YAGI-UDA ANTENNA Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering by Etika Mittal (1169038) Under the Supervision of Dr. Satvir Singh PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Jalandhar-Kapurthala Highway, Jalandhar SHAHEED BHAGAT SINGH STATE TECHNICAL CAMPUS Moga Road (NH-95), Ferozepur-152004 (PB) INDIA August 2013 CERTIFICATE I, Etika Mittal (1169038), hereby declare that the work being presented in this thesis on MULTIOBJECTIVE GAIN-IMPEDANCE OPTIMIZATION OF 6-WIRE YAGI-UDA ANTENNA is an authentic record of my own work carried out by me during my course under the supervision of Dr. Satvir Singh. This is submitted to the Department of ECE at Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Technical Campus, Ferozepur (affiliated to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar)aspartialfulfillmentofrequirementsforawardofthedegreeofMaster of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering. Etika Mittal (1169038) Tothebestofmyknowledge, thisthesishasnotbeensubmittedtoPunjabTechnicalUniver- sity,Jalandharortoanyotheruniversityorinstituteforawardofanyotherdegreeordiploma. It is further understood that by this certificate, the undersigned do/does not endorse or ap- prove any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein, however, approve the thesis only for the purpose for which it is submitted. Dr. Satvir Singh [Supervisor] The M.Tech Viva-Voce Examination of Etika Mittal (1169038) is held at Department of ECE, SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur on ................................................ External Examiner Dr. Satvir Singh Name: ....................................... M.Tech. Coordinator, ECE i ii There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle. - Albert Einstein iii Dedicated to My Family & Guide Reserved with SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur (cid:13)c 2013 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Apart from the efforts of myself, the success of Masters dissertation depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my supervisor, Dr. Satvir Singh, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering , SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur (Punjab), India, who has the attitude and the substance of a genius: he continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to research and scholarship, and an excitement in regard to teaching. Without his guidance and persistent help this dissertation would not have been possible. I cant say thank you enough for his tremendous support and help. I feel motivated and encouraged every time I attend his meeting. Without his encouragement and guidance this project would not have materialized. I am becoming increasingly present to the fact that research can indeed be an enjoyable and rewarding experience, despite the tedium and hardwork involved. This thesis is truly the culmination of his support, motivation, generous help and teachings. I can never forget the cheerful moments of my life when this charismatic personality accepted me as a research scholar. I must record my sincere gratitude to him for not only the great store-houses of knowledge he bestowed upon me but also for the chiseling and grooming I received in large measure in spheres of academic, professional and personal life. Without his constant chase and help, this work could not have taken this shape. I am pretty sure that his guidance would go a step beyond this thesis report and would be reflected in Doctorate Course and a couple of more publications of improved quality and of greater rigor and coverage, which I now look forward to. Dr. Satvir Singh’s mature research advice in the very initial stage never let me down in research throughout the longish period of research. I could learn the technique of organizing v vi and writing quality research matter only because of his erudite teachings throughout the project. This in fact has left a permanent impression on my personality and written and verbal communication. I also express my great admiration and indebtedness for the manner inwhichhepainstakinglycarriedoutathorougheditingofourpapersandthethesis, despite his overwhelming busy schedule and numerous responsibilities. There are several other persons who made important contributions during this period. The guidanceandsupportreceivedfromallthememberswhocontributedandwhoarecontribut- ing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am grateful for their constant support and help. First and foremost, I express my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Umesh K. Garg, Associate Professor, Adesh Institue of Engineering & Technology, Faridkot (Punjab) for motivating and pushing me towards PG Course, otherwise, this qualification might have been rather late. My sincere thanks to my teachers Dr. Vishal Sharma, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur (Pun- jab) and Dr. Tejeet Singh, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur (Punjab) who used to guide us with their inspiring lectures on research methodolgy and always boost our spirit towards research work. My sincere thanks to Dr. T. S. Sidhu, Principal, SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur (Punjab) and to Mr. Sanjeev Dewra, Head, ECE Department, SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur (Punjab) and to Mrs. Rajni, Associate Professor, ECE Department, SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur (Punjab) for providing us the environment to learn. I express my gratitude to Mr. Sureh Kumar, Mr. Darshan Singh, Mr. Prafful, Lab Staff at SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur for solving the Power problems and Wi-Fi problems occured during the course. I wish to acknowledge the magnificent support I have received from my senior friend Mr. Gagan Sachdeva and my fellow friends Ms. Shivangna Keer, Ms. Shelja Tayal and my brother Atul in the form of useful discussions throughout this work. MysincerethankstomyfriendMs. GurimandeepKaurforclearingmydoubtsinLaTeX and making my writing part easier. I am very grateful to my younger brother Diwakar who used to rush to the market for my printouts even late night and gave up playing games at Laptop for my research work and my friends Ms. Nini, Ms. Pawan Supreet Kaur, Ms. Gurjeet Kaur and Mr. Hunny Sharma for always appreciating and encouraging me towards research. vii There are several other persons who made important contributions during this period, Ms. Amandeep Kaur, Ms. Amrita Tayagi, Ms. Deepika who used to sit with me when I used to work alone till late. Most profound regards to my mother Smt. Meena Gupta and my father Sh. Anil Gupta, who confined their needs all for my sake. Many a times, they took loan to meet my college expenses during my course of UG and PG studies; it is these sacrifices and constant blessings that kept me motivated and committed, until I reached this end. Finally, I must thank GOD for giving me the environment to study, people to help, oppor- tunities to encash and potential to succeed. Place: SBS STC Ferozepur Date: August 31, 2013 Etika Mittal LIST OF THESIS OUTCOMES International Conferences Publications 1. S. Singh, E. Mittal and G. Sachdeva, “NSBBO for Gain-Impedance Optimization of Yagi-Uda Antenna Design”, in Proceedings of, IEEE World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies, Trivandrum, India, 30 October - 2 November, 2012. [Online] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. 2. S. Singh, Shivangna and E. Mittal, “Range Based Wireless Sensor Node Localization using PSO and BBO and its Variants”, in Proceedings of, IEEE International Confer- ence On Communication Systems and Network Technologies, Gwalior, India, 6-8 April, 2013. [Online] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. National Conferences Publications 1. S. Singh, E. Mittal and S. Tayal, “Evolutionary Performance Comparison Of BBO and PSO Variants for Yagi-Uda Antenna Gain Maximization”, in Proceedings of, IEEE National Conference on Contemporary Techniques & Technologies in Electronics En- gineering, Murthal, Sonepat, India, 13-14 March, 2013. 2. S. Singh, Shivangna and E. Mittal, “Performance of PSO with Different Ranges for Wireless Sensor Node Localization”, in Proceedings of, IEEE National Conference on Contemporary Techniques & Technologies in Electronics Engineering, Murthal, Sonepat, India, 13-14 March, 2013. viii ix International Journals Publications/Submissions 1. S. Singh, E. Mittal and G. Sachdeva, “Multiobjective Gain-Impedance Optimization of Yagi-Uda Antenna using NSBBO and NSPSO”, in International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA). [Online] http://ijcaonline.org. 2. S. Singh, S. Tayal, E. Mittal and Shivangna, “Evolutionary Performance of Graded EmigrationinBBOforYagi-UdaAntennaDesignOptimization”,inCiiT International Journal of Programmable Device Circuit and Systems. [Online] http://www.ciitresearch.org. 3. S. Singh and E. Mittal, “Multiobjective Gain-Impedance Optimization of Yagi-Uda Antenna”, in International Journal of Network and Innovative Computing (JNIC). [Accepted] Invited Talk 1. “Fitness Ranking for MOO”, in AICTE-TEQIP Sponsored 2 Week Faculty Develop- ment Programme on Nature Inspired Computational Intelligence, SBS State Technical Campus, Ferozepur, Punjab, India, 6-17 May, 2013.