1 MSIT-121D (Elective 2): Multimedia and Animation 2 ______________________________________________________________ Course Design and Editorial Committee Prof. M.G.Krishnan Prof. Vikram Raj Urs Vice Chancellor Dean (Academic) & Convener Karnataka State Open University Karnataka State Open University Mukthagangotri, Mysore – 570 006 Mukthagangotri, Mysore – 570 006 Head of the Department and Course Co-Ordinator Rashmi B.S Assistant Professor & Chairperson DoS in Information Technology Karnataka State Open University Mukthagangotri, Mysore – 570 006 Course Editor Ms. Nandini H.M Assistant professor of Information Technology DoS in Information Technology Karnataka State Open University Mukthagangotri, Mysore – 570 006 Course Writers Dr. T. Vasudeva Mr. Manjunath Professor, Assistant Professor, Dept of MCA, Dept of MCA, Maharaja Institute of Technology, Maharaja Institute of Technology, Mysore. Mysore. 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Printed and Published on behalf of Karnataka State Open University, Mysore-6 by the Registrar (Administration) 3 Karnataka State Open University Muktagangothri, Mysore – 570 006 Master of Science in Information Technology MSIT – 121D Multimedia and Animation Module 1 Unit-1 Introduction to Multimedia 01-16 Unit-2 Taxonomy of Multimedia 17-46 Unit-3 Introduction to Imaging, graphics and Photography 47-57 Unit-4 Vector Graphics 58-97 Module 2 Unit-5 Multimedia File Formats 98-133 Unit-6 Advanced Multimedia File Formats: 3D file Formats 134-160 Unit-7 Transformation techniques 161-182 Unit-8 Advanced methods and algorithms for Viewing 183-213 Module 3 Unit-9 Introduction to Animation 214-228 Unit-10 Techniques behind Animation 229-242 Unit-11 Advanced Animation Techniques 243-247 Unit-12 Classification of Animation 248-258 Module 4 Unit-13 Animation and File Formats 259-266 Unit-14 Animation Types 267-276 Unit-15 Video Content, Application, Anatomy of Human being 277-289 Unit-16 Animation Files and Internet 290-301 4 PREFACE Multimedia and animation is emerging trend in the field of information technology. Multimedia and animation has gained tremendous attention from various industries. A lot of new technologies in multimedia and animation are developing day by day. To cope up with industry requirement this course has been designed in such a way that it balances theoretical aspects as well as practical issues. The objective of this course is to understand the principles and applications of Multimedia and Animation; to acquire skills to use Multimedia and Animation applications; to integrate and synchronize the Multimedia and Animation techniques for new application problems. The overall structure of the material is divided into four main modules. Each module consists of four units. In summary Module 1 gives precise introduction to field of Multimedia, which covers Definition and nature of multimedia - different media elements, types of data, classification of multimedia, Benefits of multimedia, multimedia works in learning Multimedia-, media elements. Learning and multimedia, Benefits of multimedia in learning, Designing multimedia applications, Multimedia design: Multimedia Digital Imaging. Module 2 discusses about multimedia graphic formats, 3D formats, different types of multimedia tools for editing audio, video and text data. It also covers topics such as 2D geometric transformation and the viewing pipeline. In module 3, we introduce animation. The very first unit gives definition of animation, the history of animation and line art methods in animation. In the later part we discussed different between file and animation, principles of animation and basic animation techniques. In the last two units of module three we bring out some advance concepts in animation such techniques corresponds to bitmapped and shape elements, recording animation, Classification of Animation, difference between conventional method of animation and digital animation, types of animation. In the final module, Animation and file formats, Hardware and software requirements, Difference between 2D and 3D animation - film, cartoon movie, animation and broadcasting, authoring tool, presentations, applications, interaction, 2D and 3D animations- projects simple animations, Animation files and internet, Movie types and its uses in supportability for the web are discussed. In the reference section we have given links for further reading for the students to get addition knowledge on multimedia and animation. Wish you happy reading !!! 5 MODULE-1 UNIT-1 Introduction to Multimedia Structure 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Definition of Multimedia 1.3 Media elements 1.4 Benefits of Multimedia 1.5 Multimedia in Learning 1.6 Designing multimedia applications 1.7 Digital imaging 1.8 Summary 1.9 Keywords 1.10 Exercise 1.11 References 1.0 Learning objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to,  define multimedia,  mention applications of multimedia.  describes the elements & classes of multimedia  state benefits of multimedia.  Explain multimedia in learning,  design of multimedia 1.1 Introduction of multimedia Multimedia systems are becoming an integral part of our heterogeneous computing and communication environment. We have seen an explosive growth of multimedia computing, communication, and applications over the last decade. The World Wide Web, conferencing, digital entertainment, and other widely used applications are using not only text and images but 6 also video, audio, and other continuous media. In the future, all computers and networks will include multimedia devices. They will also require corresponding processing and communication support to provide appropriate services for multimedia applications in a seamless and often also ubiquitous way. Multimedia is probably one of the most overused terms of the 90s. The field is at the crossroads of several major industries: computing, telecommunications, publishing, consumer audio-video electronics, and television/movie/broadcasting. Multimedia only brings new industrial players to the game, but adds a new dimension to the potential market. 1.2The term “Multimedia” The word multimedia is composed of two parts: the prefix Multi and the root Media. The prefix Multi does not pose any difficulty; it comes from the latin word multus, which means ‗numerous‖ or ―many‖. The root media has a more complicated story. Media is plural form of the latin word medium. Media is noun and means ―middle, center‖. 1.2 The definition of multimedia ―Multimedia is the integration of multiple forms of media. It includes text, audio, animations, and video and so on.‖ Medium is ―a means to distribute and represent information‖. Media are, for example, text, graphics, picture, voice, sound and music. 1.2.1 Classification of media Each medium defines,  Representation values - determine the information representation of different media – Continuous representation values (e.g. electro-magnetic waves) – Discrete representation values(e.g. text characters in digital form) 7  Representation space determines the surrounding where the media are presented. – Visual representation space (e.g. paper, screen). – Acoustic representation space (e.g. stereo). Following are the different classes of media,  Perception Medium  How do humans perceive information in a computer? – Through seeing - text, images, video. – Through hearing - music, noise, speech.  Representation Medium  How is the computer information encoded? – Using formats for representing and information. – ASCII(text), JPEG(image), MPEG(video).  Presentation Medium  Through which medium is information delivered by the computer or introduced into the computer? – Via I/O tools and devices. – Paper, screen, speakers (output media). – Keyboard, mouse, camera, microphone (input media).  Storage Medium  Where will the information be stored? – Storage media - floppy disk, hard disk, tape, CD-ROM etc.  Transmission Medium  Over what medium will the information are transmitted? – Using information carriers that enable continuous data transmission – networks. – Wire, coaxial cable, fiber optics.  Information Exchange Medium  Which information carrier will be used for information exchange between different places? – Direct transmission using computer networks 8 – Combined use of storage and transmission media (e.g. electronic mail). 1.3 Media elements High-impact multimedia applications, such as presentations, training, and messaging, require the use of moving images such as video and image animation, as well as sound intermixed with document images and graphical text displays. Multimedia applications require dynamic handling of data consisting of a mix of text, voice, audio components, video components and image animation. Integrated multimedia applications allow the user to cut sections of all or any of these components and paste them in a new document or in another application such as an animated sequence of events, a desktop publishing system, a spreadsheet. The components of multimedia are listed as below:  Facsimile  A facsimile is a copy or reproduction of an old book, manuscript, amp art print, that is as true to the original copy.  Facsimile transmission was the first practical means of transmitting document images over the telephone lines.  Text  Text and symbols are very important for communication in any medium.  Document Images  Document images are being used for storing business documents that must be retained for long time or may need to be accessed by a large number of people.  Photographic Images  Photographic images are used for a wide range of applications and it can also be used as employee records for instant identification at the security level.  Geographical Information Systems  The GIS maps are being used widely for natural resources and wild life management as well as urban planning.  Voice Commands and Voice Synthesis  Voice commands are being used for hands-free-operation for computer programs.  Voice synthesis is used for presenting the results of an action to the user in a synthesized voice. 9  Audio Messages  Voice messages refer to a message that could be sent to a destination using voice media.  Video Messages  Video messages refer to a message that could be sent to a destination using video transmission media.  Full motion stored and Live Video (FMV)  Full motion video started out as a very useful idea for online training and maintenance manual.  The evolutionary step of FMV is video conferencing.  Holographic images  Holographic images extend the concept of virtual reality by allowing the user to get ―inside‖ a part such as operations from the outside.  Fractals  This technology is based on synthesizing and storing algorithms that describe the information. 1.4 Benefits of multimedia Multimedia is widely used in applications like,  Teleconferencing  VoIP(Voice over IP)  PC –to- PC.  PC-to-Telephone.  Audio, Video and Multimedia messages  Voice mail.  Multimedia mail.  Geographical Information System.  Image processing and image recognition.  Video Conferencing.  Universal Applications  Education. 10