Muhammad The Messenger of Allah (May Allah praise him) Second Edition Written by: Abdurrahman al‐Sheha Translated by: Abdurrahmaan Murad Edited by: English Department The Islamic Propagation Office at Rabwah (www.islamhouse.com) () ﷲا لﻮﺳر ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺸﻟا ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ داﺮﻣ ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ :ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻤﻟا :ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ةﻮﺑﺮﻟﺎﺑ تﺎﻴﻟﺎﺠﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺗو ةﻮﻋﺪﻠﻟ ﻲﻧوﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﺐﺘﻜﻤﻟا (www.islamhouse.com) ﺮﺘﻟﻮﺑ موﺮﻴﺟ بﻮﻳأ ﻮﺑأ :تاراﺪﺻإ ﻦﻣ 2 3 Third Edition, 1427/2006 Copyright © 2006 Abdurrahman al‐Sheha All rights reserved. This book is copyrighted. Any or all parts of this book may be used for educational purposes as long as the information used is not in any way quoted out of context or used for profit, and the source is mentioned. We would like to express our sincere appreciation to those who contributed to the publication of this book. May Allah reward them for their efforts. If you have any corrections, comments, or questions about this publication, please feel free to contact us at: [email protected] 1427 H [3787] Published by: The Islamic Propagation Office in Rabwah Tel. +4454900 ‐ 4916065 Email: [email protected] www.islamhouse.com 4 2006/1427 ،ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﺻﻹﺍ ﻪﺤﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ـﻟ ﺔﻇﻮﻔﳏ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ© ﻻﻭ ﻝﻮﻘﻨﳌﺍ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲑﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷﺍ ﻁﺮﺸﺑ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺬﺧﺃ ﺀﺎﺷ ﻦﳌ ﻖﳛﻭ .ﻖﻓﻮﳌﺍ ﷲﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺬﺧﺄﻳ ﺎﻣ ,ﺎﻫﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻭﺰﻋﻭ ,ﻪﻨﻣ ﺀﻲﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ :ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺘﻠﺳﺍﺮﻣ ﻰﺟﺮﻳ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺡﺍﺮﺘﻗﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻱﺃ ﻚﻳﺪﻟ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ [email protected] ﺓﻮﺑﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺗﻭ ﺓﻮﻋﺪﻠﻟ ﱐﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﳌﺍ 4916065 – 4454900 :ﻒﺗﺎﻫ [email protected] :ﱐﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻹﺍ ﺪﻳﱪﻟﺍ www.islamhouse.com :ﻊﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ 5 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Who is the Messenger? 3. His lineage 4. Birth, childhood and Prophethood 5. The description of the Prophet () 6. Prophet’s manners & characteristics 7. Some of the Prophet’s ethical manners 8. Statements of justice and equity 9. The wives of the Prophet () 10. Textual proofs 11. Proofs from the Qur’an 12. Proofs from the Sunnah 13. Previous Scriptures 14. From the Gospel 15. Intellectual proofs 16. What the Testimony of Faith entails 17. Conclusion 18. Glossary 6 Introduction All praise be to Allah the Lord Sovereign1 of the universe and may Allah praise His Prophet Muhammad and his household. Muslims assert that the Prophet Muhammad ()2, is without doubt the greatest individual in history. This is not a baseless claim. Whoever studies his biography and learns the truth about his character and personality, keeping aside all prejudices will reach this conclusion just as some impartial non‐Muslims have reached this conclusion as well. The late Professor Hasan Ali, may God have mercy on him, said in his magazine ‘Noor al‐Islam’ 3that a Brahmin colleague of his once told him: “I recognize and believe that the Messenger of Islam is the greatest man in history.” Professor Hasan Ali, may God have mercy on him, asked him: “Why do you consider him as the greatest man?” He replied: No man possessed the excellent characteristics and ethics that he possessed all at one time. He was a king under whom the entire peninsula was unified yet he was humble and believed that all dominion belonged to God alone. Great riches would come to him and yet he lived in a state of poverty and asceticism since fire would not be lit in his house for 1 Allah is the word for “the God” and “the Deity” in Arabic. The l word Rabb has no proper equivalent in English. and means the Lord, Creator, Owner, Master, King, Fashioner, Provider, the One upon Whom all creatures depend for their means of subsistence, and the One Who gives life and causes death. 2 This Arabic term means, “may God praise him and render him safe from all evil, and sometimes is translated as “may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him 3 See Muneer Sulaiman an-Nadawi, Ar-risalah al-Muhammadiyyah 114-115 7 many days and he would stay hungry. He was a great leader since he was able to lead only a few hundred into battle against thousands, and yet he would decisively defeat them. He loved peace agreements and would agree to them with a firm heart, even though he had thousands of his brave and courageous Companions by his side each one of whom by his conviction could confront a thousand enemies alone while not feeling the least bit intimidated. Yet the Prophet was kind‐hearted, merciful, and did not want to shed a drop of blood, and rather preferred peace. He was deeply concerned about the affairs of the Arabian Peninsula yet he did not neglect the affairs of his family, household, or of the poor and needy. He was keen to disseminate Islam among all those who had gone astray whether far or near. In general, he was a man concerned with the betterment and well being of mankind, yet he did not indulge in amassing worldly fortune as many leaders do. He busied himself with the worship of God and loved doings deeds which pleased Him. He never avenged himself on account of personal reasons. He even prayed for his enemies’ well being and would warn them of the punishment of God. He was an ascetic regarding worldly affairs and would worship God throughout the night. He was the brave and courageous soldier who himself fought with the sword and conquered nations for the sake of God. He slept on a mat of hay and a pillow filled with coarse fibers. People crowned him as the Sultan of the Arabs and King of the Arabian Peninsula1 yet his family lived a simple life for even after they received great fortunes the riches were piled in the Mosque for distribution. Once, his daughter Fatima complained to him about how the strenuous work that she did at the grinding stone and by transporting the water vessels which had left marks on her body… yet he still did not give her a portion of the gained wealth but instead taught her a few words and supplications. His Companion Umar2 came to his house and looked in his room, and 1 Actually this is a mistake in the literal sense for he never wore a crown and is meant metaphorically for leadership. 2 One of the Prophet’s close companions, and the second Caliph after his death. 8 saw nothing but a straw mat that the Prophet was sitting on, which had left imprints on his body. The only provisions in the house were a handful of barley and a water skin that hung on the wall ‐ this is all the Messenger of God owned at a time when half the Arabs were under his control. When Umar saw this, he could not control himself and wept. The Messenger of God () said: “Why are you weeping O Umar?” He replied: “Why shouldn’t I weep when Khosrau and Caesar enjoy themselves in this world and the Messenger of God () only owns what I see!” He responded: “O Umar, wouldn’t it please you that this (worldly life) be the share of Khosrau and Caesar in this life, and in the Hereafter this pleasure would be for us alone?” When the Prophet examined his troops prior to the conquest of Makkah, Abu Sufyan, an enemy of Islam at that time, stood beside al‐Abbas the uncle of the Prophet () and they looked at the banners of the Muslim army. Abu Sufyan The vast number of Muslims amazed Abu Sufyan for they advanced towards Makkah like a torrent of water. No one could stop them and nothing stood in their way. Abu Sufyan then said to al‐Abbas: ‘O Abbas, your nephew has become a great King!’ Al‐Abbas responded saying: ‘This is not kingship, rather prophethood, and the Messangership of Islam.’ A’dee at‐Ta’ee, the son of Ha’tim at‐Ta’ee who is the paradigm of generosity, was present in a gathering of the Prophet () when A`dee was still a Christian. When he saw how the Companions honored and respected the Prophet (), he was confused ‐ was he a Prophet or a king? He asked himself, “Is he a king or a Messenger of the Messengers of God?” While he was pondering over this, a destitute woman came to the Prophet () and said: “I wish to tell you a secret.” He said to her: “In which road in Madeenah do you want me to meet you?’ The Prophet () left with the destitute women and took care of her needs. When Ad’ee saw the humbleness of the Prophet (), he realized the truth and discarded the crosses that he was wearing and became a Muslim.ʺ 9 We will mention some statements of the Orientalists concerning Muhammad (). As Muslims we firmly believe in the Prophet () and his Message and do not need the statements of non‐Muslims to establish this fact, but we mention these statements for the following two reasons: a. To serve as a reminder and admonition for the nominal Muslims who have abandoned their Prophet and his teachings, perhaps they will take heed and return to their religion.1 b. To inform non‐Muslims about the Prophet from statements of other non Muslims, so that they will be guided to Islam. I ask all readers to not hold any prejudices when searching for the truth, whether it be here in this booklet or any other Islamic material. I ask God to open their hearts to accept the truth, to show them the right path and inspire them to follow it. Abdurrahmaan b. Abdul‐Kareem al‐Sheha Riyadh, 11535 P.O. Box 59565 Email: [email protected] http://www.islamland.org 1 The word translated as religion is ʹDeenʹ, which in Arabic refers to a complete way of life both private and public, and. is a inclusive term meaning acts of worship, political practice, and a detailed code of conduct including hygiene and etiquette.. 10
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