Moses and Pharaoh in the Bible, Qur'an and History Maurice Bucaille The Other Press, 2008 ISBN: 9675062053, 9789675062056 230 pages https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vsYPT9zZv3cC Pages missing or not available: 115 121 123 124 125 141 143 154 156 161 162 169 171 173 178 181 185 188 199 203 207 215 216 217 218 219 * Copyrighted materia] MOSES AND PHARAOH IN THE BIBLE, QURXN AND HISTORY MAURICE BUCAILLE Islamic Book Trust Kuala Lumpur Copyright© 1994 Dr Maurice Bucaille ISBN 978-967-5062-05-6 (Paperback) ISBN 978-967-5062-06-3 (Hardcover) First published 1994 NTT Media scope Inc, Tokyo, Japan. I bis Malaysian edition 20 OH Islamic Book Trust 607 Mu tiara Majestic Jalan Othman 46000 Petal ing Java Selangor, Malaysia u'in. iht hooks, com Islamic Book Trust is affiliated to The Other Press. Coper The Egyptians drowned in the Red Sea [Gustav Dor Printed ip Malaysia by Academe Art and Printing Services, Kuala Lumpur. Contents Introduction.... 1 Part I: The Bible 1. History of the Biblical 1 exts: Legitimization oi the Search for Correspondences with History.. 18 2. Entry into Egypt during the Rule of the Hylcsos... ■ ■■frHISifiiBE Biblical narrations of the history of Joseph and Jacob.,...32 Historical data about the Hylcsos in Egypt.......___35 A trace of the name Jacob expressed in hieroglyphs.... 39 Other Egyptian features of the biblical narration....40 The place where the first Hebrews dwelled in Egypt .... 4] Reflections about several details ol the narration. .44 The biblical narrations of the first Hebrews in Egypt as a "‘Mosaic'46 The happy times of the stay of the Hebrews in Egypt....... 47 Other hypotheses about the date of entry of the Hebrews into Egypt 49 3. The Oppression; Arc the Oppressed Hebrews Mentioned in the Fovfsrian Texrs^ S ^ J t* y L/l.I ll. 1 1 1 L- A L Jj ■ + + ■BB+Bi-BB + -l!-r-rBi-.arraBriiarBB-r‘l + 4 i+-l+-la+-iBB ./ Principal biblical narrations of the oppression__............ 52 Comparisons with secular data of life in ancient Egypt.......... 53 Did the Hebrews rank among the “Apiru?”........... 55 4. Birth of Moses—Construction of the City of Pi-Ramesses.58 The interest in knowing when Moses lived .....58 The biblical narrations in the modern editions.. 60 Comments suggested before the deciphering of the hieroglyphs., 61 Modem archaeology in search of Pi-Ramesses and Pi thorn 63 Pi-Ramesses and history............66 Comments on several bin Seal teachings______68 VI 5. Youth and Exile of Moses: Contemporaneity of Moses and Ramesses II .........,., „**..72 A historical survey,.****.72 The biblical narration corroborated with the historical data ..**73 Seeking new data: the medical investigations of Ramesses IPs ..*..77 mummy / An alleged spiritual influence of Ramesses II upon Moses _80 A contribution brought by the Jewish tradition besides the biblical texts ,.....*.83 6* Return from Exile: the Stela of the Fifth Year of Merenptahs Reign . 86 The narration of the return of Moses * *...*..... 86 Age of Moses when he initially spoke to Pharaoh........ 87 Some aspects of Merenptah s reig ......*.*.. 88 The Stela of the Fifth Year of Merenptahs Reign: the debate about the word “brail"...*....89 The interpretations given to the word “brail .90 How Merenptah laid waste to Israel according ro the stda ..93 7. The Plagues of Egypt...........96 Prelude to the narration of the plagues of Egypt... 96 Flag ue number 1. Blood ....*******.. 97 Plague number 2. Frogs...*.....*.99 Plague number 3, Gnats —.......100 Plague number 4, Swarms of flies .*..,,*,.*...100 Plague number 5- Death of the cattle ...100 Plague number 6. Boils and sores .....101 Plague number 7. Hail........ 101 Plague number 8. Locusts.....*..*....102 Plague number 9. Da r kness .* *-.«.* ..**** * * * *........ *. ■ * .**.**........... ...** 10 3 Plague number 10. Death of the first-born.*.103 Comments on the plagues of Egypt..*.*.103 8. The Exodus: the Final Event of Merenptaffs Reign...107 The biblical narration.*.......107 Remarks made by several commentators... 109 How numerous were the Hebrews fleeing Egypt?....,...,...1 I I Where might the fleeing Hebrews have approached the “sea?” What was this “sea?” ......} 1 2 The death of Pharaoh during the Exodus.,...1 20 Pharaoh Merenptah, whose remains have illumined past events 124 Teachings of the Old Testament and historical events....130 9. Other I lypotheses Concerning the Date of the Exodus...*.,.132 Erroneous conclusions deduced from mistaken historical and archaeological data.......,.133 Erroneous conclusions deduced from debatable chronological assertions of the Rible ....137 Could the Exodus have occurred during Ram esses IPs reign?... 141 Could the Exodus have occurred during the 15th century B.C,?.143 10. Champollion in Debt to the Bible..,..... 147 Two preliminary steps toward the discovery.148 The day of the deciphering: September 14, 1822....... 149 The Part II: QuCan*,........153 1. Essential Facts and History of the Text.....1 55 History of the Quranic text.......... 162 2. The Entry into Egypt: Joseph...... 168 The narration of the story of Joseph....,.....,,.......168 Differences between the Qudanic and the biblical narrations 1 70 Brief summary of comments by Muslim exegetes...,,..172 Two details unnoticed by the Muslim commentators.174 Vltl 3- Oppression of the Hebrews........17? 4, Birth* Youth and Exile of Moses........... 180 Exile of Moses.*.... 7 Q 1 ■ ■■■■ir + ff11'11 I * The burning bush: the mission of Moses. .183 5. Moses and Pharaoh...186 Dialogues between Moses and Pharaoh..186 M oses and the magicians ot Pharaoh... .+.*.+.., 188 The cataclysms which affected Egypt.189 The circle of intimates close to Pharaoh.....191 Who was the pharaoh concerned at that time?.... 193 Fhc Exodus. ■ ■ I- + T + -I + h + Vfi ri ■ i P fc A * ■ « a ■ ■ * fc * -I I m m a -m a I h b B + R r k I ■ * * i I i i H h i The narration....... 193 How numerous were the Hebrews fleeing Egypt?_ 197 What action caused the death of the pursuers?......... 198 fhe medical investigations of Merenptah s mummy 199 Part III: General Survey of the Research; Comparison of Both Narrations...... 203 T General Survey of the Research and its Results......206 First conjectures.......,................. 206 Some risky and unconvincing hypotheses.... 207 How have the previous failures called for new means of study?. 21 1 2. Comparison between the Biblical and Qur anic Narrations..... 213 Major correspondences between the biblical narrations and modern knowledge ......... 213 Special characteristics of the Qur anic narration.. 21 5 Index 221 § Introduction Copyrighted material