AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL ALPHABET The Alphabet A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS Abbreviation Derivation Meaning Abbreviation Derivation Meaning ā ā ana of each o.m. omni mane every morning a.c. ante cibum before meals o.n. omni nocte every night ad ad to, up to os os mouth ad lib. ad libitum freely as desired (at oz uncia ounce pleasure) p.c. post cibum after meals agit. ante sum. agita ante shake before taking per per through or by sumendum pil. pilula pill alt. dieb. alternis diebus every other day p.o. per os orally alt. hor. alternis horis alternate hours p.r.n. pro re nata as required alt. noct. alternis noctibus alternate nights PR per rectum aq. aqua water PTA prior to appointment aq. dest. aqua destillata distilled water ptd prior to discharge b.i.d. bis in die two times a day q quaque every b.i.n. bis in nocte two times a night q.h. quaque hora every hour c.,c cum with q. 2 h. every two hours q. 3 h. every three hours Cap. capiat let him take q. 4 h. every four hours caps. capsula capsule q.i.d. quater in die four times a day comp. compositus compound q.l. quantum libet as much as desired Det. detur let it be given q.n. quaque nocte every night Dieb. tert. diebus tertiis every third day q.p. quantum placeat as much as desired dil. dilutus dilute q.v. quantum vis as much as you DS double strength please D/W distilled water q.s. quantum sufficit as much as is EOD; eod every other day required elix. elixir elixir R recipe take ext. extractum extract Rep. repetatur let it be repeated fld. fluidus fluid Ft. fiat make s, s sine without g gramme gram seq. luce. sequenti luce the following day gr granum grain Sig. or S. signa write on label gt gutta a drop s.o.s. si opus sit if necessary gtt guttae drops sp. spiritus spirits h. hora hour ss semis a half h.d. hora decubitus at bedtime stat. statim immediately h.s. hora somni hour of sleep supp suppository (bedtime) syr. syrupus syrup M. misce mix t.d.s. ter die sumendum to be taken three m. minimum a minim times daily mist. mistura mixture t.i.d. ter in die three times a day non rep. non repetatur not to be repeated t.i.n. ter in nocte three times a night noct. nocte in the night tr. or tinct. tinctura tincture O octarius pint ung. unguentum ointment ol. oleum oil ut. dict. ut dictum as directed o.d. omni die every day vin. vini of wine o.h. omni hora every hour W/O without SPANISH-FRENCH-ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS OF COMMONLY USED MEDICAL TERMS AND PHRASES English Spanish French General phrases What is your name? ¿Cómo se llama usted? (¿Cuál es su Comment vous appelez-vous? nombre?) Where do you work? ¿Dónde trabaja? (¿Cuál es su profesión Où travaillez-vous? o trabajo?) (¿Qué hace usted?) You will need blood and urine tests. Usted va a necesitar pruebas de sangre y Vous avez besoin d’une analyse de sang de orina. et d’urine. You will be admitted to a hospital. Usted será ingresado al hospital. Vous allez être admis à un hôpital. May I help you? ¿Puedo ayudarle? Puis-je vous aider? How are you feeling? Where does it hurt? ¿Cómo se siente? ¿Dónde le duele? Comment vous sentez-vous? Où avezvous mal? Do you feel better today? ¿Se siente mejor hoy? Vous sentez-vous mieux aujourd’hui? Are you sleepy? ¿Tiene usted sueño? Avez-vous sommeil? The doctor will examine you now. El doctor le examinará ahora. Le médecin va vous examiner maintenant. You should remain in bed today. Usted debe guardar cama hoy. Vous devriez rester au lit aujourd’hui. We want you to get up now. Queremos que se levante ahora. Nous voulons que vous vous leviez maintenant. You may take a bath. Puede bañarse. Vous pouvez prendre un bain. You may take a shower. Puede tomar una ducha. Vous pouvez prendre une douche. Have you noticed any bleeding? ¿Ha notado alguna hemorragia? Avez-vous remarqué un saignement? Do you still have any numbness? ¿Todavía siente adormecimiento? Ressentez-vous encore un engourdissement? Do you have any drug allergies? ¿Es usted alérgico(a) algún médicamento? Souffrez-vous d’allergie à des médicaments? I need to change your dressing. Necesito cambiar su vendaje. Je dois changer votre pansement. What medications are you taking now? ¿Qué médicamentos está tomando ahora? Quels médicaments prenez-vous actuellement? Do you take any medications? ¿Toma usted algunas medicinas? Prenez-vous des médicaments? Do you have a history of ¿Padece Avez-vous déjà souffert de a. heart disease? a. del corazón? a. maladie du coeur? b. diabetes? b. de diabetes? b. diabète? c. epilepsy? c. de epilepsia? c. épilepsie? d. bronchitis? d. de bronquitis? d. bronchite? e. emphysema? e. de enfisema? e. emphysème? f. asthma? f. de asma? f. asthme? Do you need a sleeping pill? ¿Necesita una pastilla para dormir? Avez-vous besoin d’un somnifère? Do you need a laxative? ¿Necesita un laxante/purgante? Avez-vous besoin d’un laxatif? Relax. Try to sleep. Relájese. Trate de dormir. Détendez-vous. Essayez de dormir. Please turn on your side. Favor de ponerse de lado. Veuillez vous tourner sur le côté. Do you have to urinate? ¿Tiene que orinar? Avez-vous besoin d’uriner? Have you had any sickness from any ¿Le ha caido mal alguna medicina? Avez-vous déjà eu des réactions à un medicine? médicament? Are you allergic to anything? Medicines, ¿Es usted alergico(a) a algo? ¿Medicinas, Êtes-vous allergique à quelque chose? drugs, foods, insect bites? drogas, alimentos, picaduras de insectos? Médicaments, drogues, aliments, piqûres d’insectes? Do you use contact lenses, dentures? Do ¿Usa usted lentes de contacto, dentadura Utilisez-vous des verres de contact, des you have any loose teeth, removable postiza? ¿Tiene dientes flojos, dientes prothèses dentaires? Avez-vous des dents bridges, or any prosthesis? postizos, o cualquier prostesis? qui se déchaussent, des ponts amovibles ou une prothèse? Press the button when you want a nurse. Apriete el botón cuando quiera a una Appuyez sur le bouton pour appeler une enfermera. infirmière. Spanish adapted from Lister S, Wilber CJ: Medical Spanish: the instant survival guide, ed 4, London, 2004, Butterworth. French translations provided by Catherine Moor, translator, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS Note: Abbreviations in common use can vary CPAP Continuous positive airway GB Gallbladder widely from place to place. Each institution’s pressure GC Gonococcus; gonorrheal list of acceptable abbreviations is the best CPK Creatine phosphokinase GI Gastrointestinal authority for its records. CPR Cardiopulmonary Grav I, II, etc. Pregnancy one, two, three, resuscitation etc. (Gravida) ACLS Advanced cardiac life CSF Cerebrospinal fluid GSW Gunshot wound support CT Computed tomography gtt Drops (guttae) ADD Attention deficit disorder CVA Cerebrovascular accident; GU Genitourinary ADL Activities of daily living costovertebral angle Gyn Gynecology AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency CVP Central venous pressure H & P History and physical syndrome D & C Dilation (dilatation) and HAV Hepatitis A virus ALS Advanced life support; curettage amyotrophic lateral Hb Hemoglobin dc; DC; D/C Discontinue sclerosis HBV Hepatitis B virus DIC Disseminated intravascular AM Morning HCG Human chorionic coagulation AMI Acute myocardial infarction gonadotropin diff Differential blood count ASD Atrial septal defect HCT Hematocrit DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis AST Aspartate aminotransferase HDL High-density lipoprotein DM Diabetes mellitus; diastolic (formerly SGOT) HEENT Head, eye, ear, nose, and throat murmur A-V; AV; A/V Arteriovenous; HIV Human immunodeficiency DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid atrioventricular virus DNR Do not resuscitate BCLS Basic cardiac life support h/o History of DOA Dead on arrival BE Barium enema DOB Date of birth H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide bid; b.i.d. Twice a day (bis in die) HR Heart rate DPT Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus BM Bowel movement HSV Herpes simplex virus DRG Diagnosis-related group BMR Basal metabolic rate HT; HTN Hypertension DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical BP Blood pressure hx; Hx History Manual of Mental Disorders BPH Benign prostatic hypertrophy I & O Intake and output DT Delirium tremens bpm Beats per minute IBW Ideal body weight D5W Dextrose 5% in water BSA Body surface area ICP Intracranial pressure Dx Diagnosis BSE Breast self-examination ICU Intensive care unit EBV Epstein-Barr virus BUN Blood urea nitrogen Ig Immunoglobulin ECG Electrocardiogram; Bx Biopsy electrocardiograph IM Intramuscular c With ECHO Echocardiography IUD Intrauterine device CABG Coronary artery bypass graft ECT Electroconvulsive therapy IV Intravenous CAD Coronary artery disease ED Emergency department IVP Intravenous pyelogram; intravenous push CAT Computerized (axial) tomog- EDD Estimated date of delivery KCl Potassium chloride raphy scan EEG Electroencephalogram; CBC; cbc Complete blood count electroencephalograph KUB Kidney, ureter, and bladder CCU Coronary care unit; critical EENT Eye, ear, nose, and throat L Liter care unit ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosor- lab Laboratory CF Cystic fibrosis bent assay L & D Labor and delivery CHD Congenital heart disease; EMG Electromyogram LDL Low-density lipoprotein coronary heart disease EMS Emergency medical service LE Lower extremity; lupus CHF Congestive heart failure EMT Emergency medical erythematosus CK Creatinine kinase technician LMP Last menstrual period CMV Cytomegalovirus ENT Ear, nose, and throat LOC Level/loss of consciousness CNS Central nervous system ER Emergency room (hospital) LP Lumbar puncture c/o Complaints of ERV Expiratory reserve volume LR Lactated Ringer’s CO Carbon monoxide; cardiac ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate LVH Left ventricular hypertrophy output ESRD End-stage renal disease MAP Mean arterial pressure CO2 Carbon dioxide FBS Fasting blood sugar MD Muscular dystrophy COPD Chronic obstructive pulmo- FEV Forced expiratory volume MDI Medium dose inhalant; nary disease FH; Fhx Family history metered dose inhaler COX Cyclooxygenase FHR Fetal heart rate mEq Milliequivalent CP Cerebral palsy; cleft palate FTT Failure to thrive MI Myocardial infarction fx Fracture mm Hg Millimeters of mercury MMR Maternal mortality rate; PKU Phenylketonuria SIDS Sudden infant death measles-mumps-rubella PM Evening syndrome MRI Magnetic resonance PMH Past medical history SLE Systemic lupus imaging PMI Point of maximal impulse erythematosus MVA Motor vehicle accident PMN Polymorphonuclear neutro- SOB Shortness of breath N/A Not applicable phil leukocytes (polys) s/s Signs and symptoms NaCl Sodium chloride PMS Premenstrual syndrome Staph Staphylococcus NANDA North American Nursing PO; p.o. Orally (per os) stat Immediately (statim) Diagnosis Association PRN; p.r.n. As required (pro re nata) STD Sexually transmitted disease N & V; N/V Nausea and vomiting pro time Prothrombin time Strep Streptococcus NG; ng Nasogastric pt Pint Sx Symptoms NICU Neonatal intensive care unit PT Prothrombin time; physical T Temperature; thoracic NKA No known allergies therapy T & A Tonsillectomy and NPO; n.p.o. Nothing by mouth (non PTT Partial thromboplastin time adenoidectomy peros) PVC Premature ventricular TB Tuberculosis NSAID Nonsteroidal antiinflamma- contraction TENS Transcutaneous electrical tory drug R Respiration; right; Rickett- nerve stimulation NSR Normal sinus rhythm sia; roentgen TIA Transient ischemic attack O2 Oxygen RBC; rbc Red blood cell; red blood TMJ Temporomandibular joint OB Obstetrics count TPN Total parenteral nutrition OBS Organic brain syndrome RDA Recommended daily/dietary TPR Temperature, pulse, and OR Operating room allowance respiration OTC Over-the-counter RDS Respiratory distress TSE Testicular self-examination PALS Pediatric advanced life syndrome TSH Thyroid-stimulating support Rh Symbol of rhesus factor hormone PACU Postanesthesia care unit RNA Ribonucleic acid Tx Treatment PCA Patient-controlled analgesia ROM Range of motion UA Urinalysis PE Physical examination ROS Review of systems URI Upper respiratory infection PEEP Positive end-expiratory RR Recovery room; respiratory UTI Urinary tract infection pressure rate VC Vital capacity PERRLA Pupils equal, regular, react to R/T Related to vol Volume light and accommodation s Without VS; v.s. Vital signs PET Positron emission SGOT Serum glutamic oxaloacetic VSD Ventricular septal defect tomography transaminase WBC; wbc White blood cell; white PICC Percutaneously inserted SGPT Serum glutamic pyruvic blood count central catheter transaminase PID Pelvic inflammatory disease SI Système International i This page intentionally left blank Illustrated in full color throughout With over 2450 illustrations iii 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 MOSBY’S MEDICAL DICTIONARY ISBN: 978-0-323-08541-0 Copyright © 2013, by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2009, 2006, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1990, 1986, 1982 by Mosby, Inc. an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. 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In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instruc- tions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mosby’s medical dictionary / [editor, Marie T. O’Toole]. -- 9th ed. p. ; cm. Medical dictionary Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-323-08541-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) I. O’Toole, Marie T. II. Title: Medical dictionary. [DNLM: 1. Medicine--Dictionary--English. W 13] 610.3--dc23 2012028208 Content Strategist: Nancy O’Brien Associate Content Development Specialist: Jennifer Shropshire Publishing Services Manager: Deborah Vogel Project Manager: Brandilyn Tidwell Designer: Maggie Reid Cover Illustrations: Cherry red spot at the macula: (Kanski and Bowling, 2011) Penicillium species: (Mahon et al, 2011) Bite wing radiograph: (Bird and Robinson, 2009) Fertilized human egg: (Greer et al, 2001) Printed in Canada Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1