©EntomologicaFennica. 8 December2006 Morphology of preimaginal stages of Lipara pullitarsis Doskoéil & Chvéla, 1971 (Diptera: Chloropidae) — a gall-forming fly in the common reed (Phragmites australis) MariaGrochowska Grochowska, M. 2006: Morphologyofpreimaginal stages ofLiparapullitarsis Doskocil&Chvala, 1971 (Diptera:Chloropidae)—agall-formingflyinthecom- monreed(Phragmitesaustralis). —Entomol. Fennica 17: 387—393. AllpreimaginalstagesofLiparapullitarsisaredescribedandillustrated. Thefa- cialmask, cephaloskeleton, spiracles andlocomotory structuresareconsidered. Thisisthefirstdescriptionofthefirst-andsecond-instarlarva. Thedescriptions ofthethird-instarlarva,eggandpupariumareexpanded.Thispaperformsabasis foracompletedescriptionofthelifehistoryofthis fly. M. Grochowska, Department ofZoology, Maria Curie—Skiodowska University Akademicka 19, 20—033 Lablin, Poland; E—mail.‘ [email protected]. lublin.pl Received5August2005, accepted10November2005 1. Introduction The imagines fly inreedbeds fromMay to July (Chvalaetal. 1974,Pokorny 1981).Alldevelop- The genus Lipara consists of 11 species (Nart— mental stages ofL. lacens are known (Ruppolt shuk 1996), five ofwhich ocuur in Europe: L. 1957, Waitzbauer 1969)butforL.pullitarsis,L. lacens Meigen 1830,L. similis Schiner 1854, L. rufitarsisandL. Similisonlytheegg, third-instar rufitarsis Loew 1858, L. pullitarsis Doskocil & larva and puparium have been documented Chvala1971,L. balticaKarps 1978(Chvalaetal. (Chvalaetal. 1974). 1974,Nartshuk 1984). This paper describes the morphology ofthe Lipara pullitarsis was described in 1971 previously unknown first— and second-instar (Doskocil& Chvala 1971). Inearlierpapers, in- larvaofL.pullitarsisandpresentspreviouslyun- dividuals demonstrating the key features ofL. known structural details ofthe egg, third-instar pullitarsiswere not separatedfromL. rafitarsis. larvaandthepuparium. Thus, thepapercontains Bothspecieswereconsideredunderthecommon acomplete description ofthemorphology ofthe name L. rafitarsis (Ruppolt 1957, Wendt 1968, preimaginal developmental stages of L. palli— Durska 1970, Doskocil & Chvala 1971). Lipara tarsis. pullitarsis forms galls inthe apicalpart ofcom- mon reed stems [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.] (Doskocil & Chvala 1971, Chvala et al. 2. Material and methods 1974, Skuhravy 1978, Pokomy 1981). It is a monophagousandunivoltineflythatlayseggson All developmental stages ofL. pullitarsis col- thesurfaceofcommonreedstems.Thelarvaede- lectedfromtheapicalpartofcommonreedstems velopamongleafbladesabovethegrowingpoint. were studied. Stems ofcommon reed were col- 388 Groclzowskd *3 ENTOMQL. FENNTCAVol. l7 lected in reed beds in and around the town of Lublininmid-“easternPolandintheyears l977——- side l979 and 200lm2004. Fresh stems ofreed were ventral collected at random in May and June and only those stems with galls visible in the apical part side were collected outside ofthis period. The stems -1.~-1....‘3..‘..._. dorsal were sectioned in the laboratory using a stereo- scopicmicroscope;thisprocedureyieldedalllar— val stages and.pupae. Additional firstwinstar larm vae were obtained by breeding eggs collected fromstemsofthecommonreedinthefieldorlaid by females in the laboratory. imagines were caughtinthefieldusingasweepingnetordevel- oped.fromlarvaeand.pupaereared.inthelabora- tory. The flies were reared in Fetri dishes lined 0.025mm b d withfilterpaper. The studymaterial. comprisedof40 eggs, 20 Fig. 'l.Liparapullitarsls,egg.—-—a. Dorsalview.—-—b. La— firstwinstar larvae, l5 exuviae offirst—instar larva teralview.—--c.Anteriorsection.—--d. Processeson vae, 20 secondninstar larvae, l2 exuviae ofsec- chbrionsurface, lateralview. ond—winstar larvae, 20 thirdwinstar larvae, l5 pus- pae, and20imagines. Thespecimenschosenfordetailedstudywere Thirdninstarlarvae and imagines were deter—- maceratedinl0%KOl-lfor24hoursatroomtern- minedaccordingtoChvala.atal. (l9’74l). Theter— perature, washed in distilled water, cleared in minologyusedinthemorphologicaldescriptions chloralhydrateandchloralphenol,andpreserved follows Courtney atoi. (2000). Parts bfbody of in glycerol. Drawings were based on.the micro—- larvae:notincludedinCourtneycttil. (2000) are scopicpreparations. named according to Nye 0958) and Nartshulr First—instar larvae were identified during the (l907) rearing bf individual eggs obtained from L. pullitorsis females. Second—instar larvae of L. pallitarsis were identified in a threeustage pro- 3. ' cess. First, all larvae were isolated from stems collected inMay andlune. Atthe second stage, Egg (Fig. l) is l..08——l.30 mm long, 0.l3—-0.l5 onlylarvaeofLiporawereisolated,andonlysee—- mm wide; length—width ratio 8 : l. Oblong in bnduinstarlarvaeoff.ptlllitarsiswereisolatedat shape, narrowed androunded at.both ends (Fig. the thirdphase. The typing bfsecond—instar laru la), curvingarchwlikeventrally (Fig. lb). Dorsal vae ofL.pallttarstsreliedonthepresence ofthe side black, ventral. side cream-coloured. Broad followingfeatures: 4....5 lobesontheanteriorspi— longitudinal furrows onthedorsal side(Fig. la), racle (similar to thirdninstar larvae); numerous, divided by transverse barriers into numerous conspicuous, large, amber—coloured spinules on polygons (Fig. lc). Surface ofegg finely punc— theventralsideoftheanteriorpartofthefirstthe-- tated(approx.4-00power)bytheapicesofclosely raeie segment. Anterior spiracleswith4—6 lbbes spacedrod-likeprocesses coveringthe egg (Fig. appear under the cuticle bftyped second—instar ld). larvacjustbeforeeedisisandarealsocharacteris—- First-—instar larva (Fig. 2) is l.33——l.50 mm tic bfthe third—instar larvae ofthese species. Fi-- long, 0.l3—-—-0.l4 nun in diameter. Body milky—- nally, typedlarvaewere comparedto exuviae of white,slender,cylindricalin.crossuseetion,poste- secondwinstarlarvaefound.insidegallsnearthird- riorendwithtwostigmofores(Fig.2a).Abdomi- instarlarvaeofL.pullttarsis.Alltheotherlarvae nalsegmentsandthirdthoracic segmentequalin isolatedfromstems inMay andJunewillbe den diameter. Facial mask (Fig. 2b) with a pair of scribedinfuturepapers. two—segment antennae and bright amber—col— ENTOMOL. FENNICAVol. 17 ° MorphologyofLidepullitarsis 393 A detailedanalysis ofthemorphology ofalllar- ualofPalaearcticDiptera 1: 857161. ScienceHerald, val stages ofL. pullitarsis has revealed differ- Budapest. 978pp. Doskocil, J. & Chvala, M. 1971: A revision ofLipara ences between individual stages in the structure Meigen(Diptera,Chloropidae)includingthedescrip— of antennae, maxillary palpi, frontal palpi, ce- tionofanewspeciesfromEurope.7ActaEntomol. phaloskeleton,spiracles,andinthetypeandposi- Bohemos. 68(2): 1007107. tionoflocomotory structures. Durska, B. 1970: Changes inthereed(Phragmitescom- The first-instar larva ofL. pullitarsis has an munis Trin.) condition causedby diseases offungal oblong body. The diameters ofabdominal seg- andanimalorigin. 7P01. Arch. Hydrobiol. 17 (30): 3737396. ments and the third thoracic segment are the Naitshuk,E.P. 1984:FamilyChloropidae.7In:Soos,A. same. Spiracularhaironposteriorspiraclesareof (ed.), Catalogue ofPalaearctic Diptera 10: 2227366. equallengthandbranchinabush-likemanner. AkadémiaiKiado. Budapest. 366pp. The second-instar larva, like the third-instar Nartshuk,E.P. 1987:(Chlorophidflies:theirsystem,evo— larva,has4—5 lobesonanteriorspiraclesandnu- lutionandrelationswithplants).7Tr.Zool.in—ta136: 17279. [InRussian] merous, conspicuous, large, amber-colouredspi- Nartshuk,E.P. 1996:(Theplant-phytophagecomplex:the nulesontheventral, anteriorpartofthefirsttho- caseofthecommonreedandits consumers). 7Zh. racic segment. ObshchBiol. 57(5): 6287641. [InRussian] Previousdescriptionsoftheegg(Chvalaetal. Naitshuk,E.P.2002:AdditionsandcorrectionstoChloro— 1974) are now complementedby a characterisa- pidae(Diptera)ofPoland.7Ann.2001.52(2):3197 325. tion of the microsculpture of the chorion, and Nye,J. W. B. 1958: Theexternalmorphologyofsomeof thoseofthepuparium,withadditionaldetailsre- thedipterouslarvaelivingintheGramineaeofBritain. gardingthe sizeandmicrosculpture. 7Transactions oftheRoyalEntomological Society Aknowledgeofthemorphologyofallstages ofLondon 110: 4117487. ofL.pullitarsisishelpfulinidentifyingthis spe- Pokorny, V. 1981: Flies of the genus Lipara. 7 In: Skuhravy, V. (ed.), Invertebrates andvertebrates at— cies at different stages ofits natural history and tackingcommonreedstands(Phragmitescommunis) providesabasis foracomprehensivedescription inCzechoslovakia:25738.StudieCSAV1,Praha. 113 ofthe life-cycle ofthis fly (Chvala et al. 1974, PP- Pokomy 1981). Ruppolt,W. 1957: ZurBiologicdercecidogenenDiptere LiparalucensMeigen(Chloropidae).7Ztschr.Ernst Moritz Univ. Greifswald, Math—Nat. wissensch. Acknowledgements. IthankDrLechLechowski forsug- Reihe6(576): 2797292. gestions andcomments onthispaper. Specialthanks are duetoProf.PrzemyslawTrojanforhiscriticismandcon- Skuhravy,V. 1978:Invertebrates:DestroyersofCommon structivecommentsonmywork. reed.7Ecol. Stud. 28: 3767395. Tewksbury,L., Casagrande,R.,Blossey,B. &Balme, G. 2004:HerbivoresonPhragmitesinNorthAmerica.7 References Available at http://www.uri.edu/cels/pls/biocentrol/ powerpoint/phrag.ppt. Chvala,M.,Doskocil,J Mook,J.H.&Pokorny,V. 1974: Waitzbauer, W. 1969: Lebensweise und Produktions— ., The genus Lipara Meigen (Diptera, Chloropidae), biologie der Schilfgallenfliege Lipara lucens Mg. systematics, morphology,behaviourandecology. 7 (Diptera, Chloropidae). 7 Sber. 0st. Akad. Wiss. Tijdschr. Entomol. 117: 1725. Mathem.-Naturw. Kl.,Abt. 1, 178: 1757242. Courtney,G.W.,Sinclair,B. &Meier,R.2000: 1.4.Mor— Wendt, H. 1968: Faunistisch—okologische Untersuch— phology and terminology ofDiptera larvae. 7 In: ungenanHalmfliegenderBerlinerUmgebung(Dipt. Papp,L. &Darvas,B. (eds),Contributionstoaman- Chloropidae).7Deut.Entomol.Z. 15(1/3):497103.