Monitoring End-User Power Consumption Data Using AMI and GIS System in a Designated Swedish Area Guoliang Yang April, 2012 Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2012 TRITA-ICT-EX-2012:026 Master Thesis Monitoring End-User Power Consumption Data Using AMI and GIS System in a Designated Swedish Area Internetworking, KTH Author: Guoliang Yang 2011/11/28 This thesis work presents the power consuming state in a designated area with the AMI and GIS data collected from Svenska Energigruppen AB through Google Maps API. The project provides several real-time functions to both customers and administrators for power company. Abstract The awareness of power consumption is considered to be an important step of driving energy-saving technologies development. With the ‘Smart Grid’ technologies, Sweden has deployed Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) nationwide. How to present and operate the data be collected by AMI devices in an effective and friendly way has become a problem worth to research on. This thesis project aims to provide an energy consumption monitoring system, which integrate power consumption information from AMI, and geographic information from coordinates, for both customers and power companies, practical for the latter one. Based on that, active web map services of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Swedish market are also been analyzed in this thesis report, in order to investigate the features which may be applied in this system. The energy consumption monitoring system presented in this project is developed on the GIS of Google Maps, web-browser based. With the open Google Maps API for Javascript and WAMP environment support, a working system is given locally. In this project, at a designated Swedish area, Smedjebacken, there are 50 end-users with AMI data periodically recorded at the interval level of one hour for a whole year, and 3 substations connecting part of the end-users, all of them have the coordinates to position. AMI data is used to simulate a real-time scenario to test the monitoring function. Functions of this system are separated into two aspects, customers and power companies. Customers can check their power consumption in many different ways, including latest hour’s consumption, any past single day’s consumption, generate whole year’s consumption column chart, comparing with the average consumption level with a certain range of neighbors. Power companies have global view and access authorities of all customers and substations. In addition, an alarm will be triggered if any of the substation’s power loss is over 5%. As a result of analysis, the advantage lay with Google Map on cost of developing, open API and documentations. In the end, a working monitoring system is given under the simulated real-time power consumption scenario. Key words: power consumption; AMI; GIS; Google Maps; monitoring system 2 Sammanfatting Medvetenhet kring energikonsumtion anses vara ett viktigt steg förskynda utvecklingen av energibesparande teknologi. Med hjälp av ”Smart Grid” teknologi har Sverige tagit Advanced Metering Infrastrukture (AMI) i användning i hela landet. Problemet med att presentera och använda data uppsamlat av AMI-anordningar på ett effektivtoch användarvänligt sätt har blivit värt att forska kring. Detta avhandlingsprojekt tar som mål att bistå ett energikonsumtionsövervakningssystem, som integrerar information om energianvändning från AMI och geografisk information från koordinater. Till användning för både konsumenter och energibolag och praktiskt för de sistnämnda. Med detta till bas analyseras även aktiva kartservice-program från Geographic Information Systems (GIS) på den svenska marknaden, i denna avhandling, för att undersöka de verktyg som kan användas i detta system. Energikonsumtionsövervakningssystemet som presenteras i detta projekt har utvecklats på Google Maps GIS, och är webbrowser baserat. Med öppet Google Maps API för Javascript och stöd för WAMP miljö, givs ett verkande system lokalt. I projektet finns, i ett avsett svenskt område vid smedjebacken, 50 användare med periodiskt insamlad AMIdata med timintervall under ett helt år. Samt tre substationer som kopplar samman delar av dessa användare. Samtiliga med positionskoordinater. AMIdata används för att simulera ett realtidsscenario för att testa övervakningsfunktionen. Systemets funktioner indelas i två grupper, konsumenter och energiföretag. Konsumenter kan visualisera sin energikonsumtion på flera olika sätt, bland annat: konsumtionen under den senaste timmen, konsumtionen under någon tidigare dag, skapa kolumndiagram över hela årets energikonsumtion, jämföra sin medelkonsumtion med den genomsnittliga hos ett givet antal grannar med mera. Energibolagen har en global överblick och tillgångsrättigheter till samtliga konsumenter och substationer. Dessutom sätts ett alarm av då någon av substationerna erfar en energiförlust på över 5%. Analysen gav att det var ekonomiskt fördelaktigt att använda Google Maps för utveckling, att öppna API och dokumentation. På slutet anges ett fungerande övervakningssystem under det simulerade realtids- energikonusmtionsscenariot. Nyckelord: Energikonsumtion, AMI, GIS, Google Maps, övervakningssystem 3 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Goals ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Related Work ............................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Limit and Scope ........................................................................................................... 9 2. Theoretical Background ...................................................................................................... 10 2.1 AMI in Sweden ......................................................................................................... 10 2.2 GIS ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.2.1 Map ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Map Representation ................................................................................................ 12 2.2.3 GIS Market ............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.4 Features and Standards ........................................................................................... 13 2.3 Coordinate System..................................................................................................... 16 2.3.1 WGS84 ................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 Swedish Grid .......................................................................................................... 19 2.3.3 Convert from RT90 to WGS84 .............................................................................. 20 2.4 AJAX Approach ........................................................................................................ 22 3 Analysis on Swedish Web Map Services ............................................................................. 23 3.1 Map provider ............................................................................................................. 23 3.2 Map Features ............................................................................................................. 26 3.2.1 Cost of Developing ................................................................................................. 26 3.2.2 Open API ................................................................................................................ 26 3.2.3 POI Layers .............................................................................................................. 29 3.3 Analysis Conclusion .................................................................................................. 33 4 4 System Developing ............................................................................................................... 34 4.1 Establish the Developing Platform ............................................................................ 34 4.2 Database Design ........................................................................................................ 35 4.2.1 Geographic Data ..................................................................................................... 35 4.2.2 AMI Meter Data ..................................................................................................... 35 4.3 Simulating Real-Time Power Consumption Data ..................................................... 36 4.4 Monitoring through Google Map .............................................................................. 38 4.4.1 Pointing out items with addOverlay() .................................................................... 38 4.4.2 Monitoring System for Power Company ................................................................ 39 4.4.3 Monitoring System for Customer ........................................................................... 40 4.5 Login System ............................................................................................................. 42 5 Results and Measurement ..................................................................................................... 43 5.1 Results of functional testing ...................................................................................... 43 5.1.1 For Customer .......................................................................................................... 43 5.1.2 For power company ................................................................................................ 44 5.2 Measurement ............................................................................................................. 46 6 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 48 7 Future Work ......................................................................................................................... 49 Reference ................................................................................................................................. 50 Appendix ................................................................................................................................. 53 5 List of Figures Figure 1. An intuitive overview of the whole monitoring system integrating AMI & GIS Figure 2. The Simulation Diagram for Power Consumption Database Figure 3. Functionality Comparison of Three Generations AMR Figure 4. Roll out of 3 generations AMR meter deployment in Sweden Figure 5. GIS layers Figure 6. Sequence of operations for using a web map service Figure 7. A briefly overview of how coordinate system works on measuring the surface of earth Figure 8. Mercator Projection Figure 9. Transverse Mercator Projection Figure 10. Triangular configuration of the RT 90th Figure 11. Projection Zones in RT 90th Figure 12. CoordTrans Converting from RT90 to WGS84 Figure 13. rl.se RT90 to WGS84 screen dump Figure 16. Comparison of classic web & Ajax web application models Figure 14. Screen dump of Google Map Figure 15. Screen dump of Hitta.se Figure 16. Screen dump of Eniro.se Figure 17. Icons that link to certain position on Eniro.se Figure 18. Map Service Supplier of Hemnet.se Figure 19. How to publish a marker though the map service of Hitta.se Figure 20. API example on Blocket.se provided by Hitta.se Figure 21. POI categories on top layer of Eniro.se Figure 22. POI categories on top layer of Hitta.se Figure 23. POIs to GPS on Hitta.se for entire Sweden Figure 24. POI categories on top layer of Google Map Figure 25. POI categories on top layer of Wikimapia.org Figure 26. Two tables to present geographic location and connection relationship Figure 27. The table to show power consumption of customer Figure 28. The diagram of simulating process Figure 29. Power.xml, output of simulator for customer and substation Figure 30. The working mechanism of monitoring system Figure 30. Briefly functions illustration of the power monitoring system Figure 31. Login page Figure 32. Monitoring page for customer 6 Figure 33. Column chart for the whole year of one customer Figure 34. Check a customer in power company side monitoring page Figure 35. Check a substation in power company side monitoring page Figure 36. Check a substation when alarm triggered in power company side monitoring page Figure 37. Time record of simulator process 7 List of Tables Table 1. Cost of Map on developing Table 2. Pros and Cons of Swedish active web-map services Table 3. Time consuming record of simulating process 8 Abbreviations AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMR Automated Meter Reading GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Position System OGC Open Geospatial Consortium UTM Universal Transverse Mercator KML formerly Keyhole Markup Language WMS Web Map Service WFS Web Feature Service GML Geography Markup Language WGS World Geodetic System AJAX Asynchronous JavaScript and XML JS JavaScript WAMP Windows Apache MySQL & PHP WGS84 World Geodetic System (lastest version) API Application Programming Interface PND Portable Navigation Device POI Points of Interest 9