MONASTIC LIFE IN THE MEDIEVAL BRITISH ISLES MLMBI.indd 1 17/09/2018 09:01:49 MONASTIC LIFE IN THE MEDIEVAL BRITISH ISLES Essays in Honour of Janet Burton EDITED BY KAREN STÖBER, JULIE KERR AND EMILIA JAMROZIAK UNIVERSITY OF WALES PRESS 2018 MLMBI.indd 3 17/09/2018 09:01:49 © The Contributors, 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, University Registry, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NS. www.uwp.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-78683-322-8 (hardback) 978-1-78683-318-1 (paperback) e-ISBN: 978-1-78683-319-8 The right of The Contributors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Typeset by Marie Doherty Printed by CPI Antony Rowe, Melksham MLMBI.indd 4 17/09/2018 09:01:49 CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii List of illustrations ix List of abbreviations xi List of contributors xiii Introduction xv Karen Stöber and Emilia Jamroziak Part I: Monastic and religious orders in Britain 1. Cistercian histories in late medieval England, and beyond 3 James Clark 2. ‘Like a mother between father and sons.’ The role of 27 the prior in later medieval English monasteries Martin Heale 3. Formed by word and example: the training of novices 41 in fourteenth-century Dublin Colmán Ó Clabaigh 4. Strata Florida: a former Welsh Cistercian Abbey and its future 53 David Austin Part II: Religious and laity 5. The world of bishops in religious orders in medieval Ireland, 71 1050–1230 Edel Bhreathnach 6. Art, architecture, piety and patronage at Rievaulx Abbey, 89 c.1300–1538 Michael Carter 7. The last days of Bridlington Priory 105 Claire Cross 8. Galwegians and Gauls: Aelred of Rievaulx’s dramatisation 115 of xenophobia in Relatio de Standardo Marsha L. Dutton MLMBI.indd 5 17/09/2018 09:01:49 vi w Contents 9. The cloister of the soul: Robert Grosseteste and 127 the monastic houses of his diocese Philippa Hoskin 10. The abbey of St Benet of Holme and the English rising 139 of 1381 Andrew Prescott Part III: Women in the medieval monastic world 11. Looking for medieval female religious in Britain and 161 Ireland: sources, methodologies and pitfalls Kimm Curran 12. ‘As for a nun’: corrodies, nunneries and the laity 173 Brian Golding 13. Preaching to nuns in the Norwich diocese on the eve 189 of the Reformation: the evidence from visitation records Veronica O’Mara Select Bibliography 213 Bibliography of Janet Burton’s publications 219 Index 225 Tabula Gratulatoria 236 MLMBI.indd 6 17/09/2018 09:01:49 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors are indebted to the help and encouragement of many people in the making of this book. We would like to thank the University of Wales Press and especially Llion Wigley and Siân Chapman for their support and patience throughout this project. We are grateful to our contributors for producing their chapters cheerfully despite the tight deadlines and strict word limit, and to all those who have participated in the Tabula Gratulatoria. Our thanks to Dani Leiva for his evocative drawing of Byland Abbey which is on the front cover and which Dani drew specifically for this Festschrift. Byland Abbey holds a special place in Janet’s heart and in her research, making this a fitting tribute. We are indebted to William Marx, Our Man in Lampeter, for without his conspiratorial help and support this project would not have been possible. Throughout, William has provided us with the necessary names, facts and figures, and he moreover compiled the list of Janet’s publications – no mean feat. We thank Paul Watkins for the photograph of Janet in the Founders’ Library. Paul managed to dupe Janet into posing for this picture: we commend his guile. Finally, we would like to thank everybody who has helped to keep this project a secret from Janet, allowing us to surprise her with the presentation of this book. MLMBI.indd 7 17/09/2018 09:01:49 ILLUSTRATIONS Frontispiece: Janet Burton Photograph: Paul Watkins. FIGURE 1: The foundation history of Forde Abbey as preserved in the 18 early fifteenth-century genealogy of the Courtenay earls of Devon, now held at Powderham Castle (fol. 5v). © Powderham Estate and Exeter Digital Humanities. FIGURE 2: The former monastery of Strata Florida (red shading) 55 in its topography looking westwards towards the Irish Sea. With kind permission of the Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. FIGURE 3: The Great Abbey site. Property of the Strata Florida Trust, 57 in the darker shade of grey. © David Austin. FIGURE 4: What is currently known of the abbey precinct as redesigned 58 in 1184 and functioning at its height in the thirteenth century. © David Austin. FIGURE 5: Speculative plan of a possible earlier monastery under 60 Strata Florida Cistercian Abbey. © David Austin. FIGURE 6: Strata Florida House and designed landscape in 1765. 62 © David Austin. FIGURE 7: Bishop Gilbert of Limerick’s De statu ecclesiae, Durham 72 Cathedral Library, MS B.II.35, fol. 36v. © Durham Cathedral Library. FIGURE 8: Rievaulx Abbey, presbytery, c.1220. 90 Photograph: Michael Carter. FIGURE 9: Rievaulx Abbey, fragmentary sculpture of Christ in Majesty, 93 c.1260–70. Photograph: Historic England. MLMBI.indd 9 17/09/2018 09:01:49