Julia Walochnik Michael Duchêne E ditors Molecular Parasitology Protozoan Parasites and their Molecules Molecular Parasitology Julia Walochnik (cid:129) M ichael Duchêne Editors Molecular Parasitology Protozoan Parasites and their Molecules Editors Julia Walochnik Michael Duchêne Institute of Specifi c Prophylaxis Institute of Specifi c Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine and Tropical Medicine Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Medical University of Vienna Vienna Vienna Austria Austria ISBN 978-3-7091-1415-5 ISBN 978-3-7091-1416-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1416-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016947730 © Springer-Verlag Wien 2016 T his work is subject to copyright. 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Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer-Verlag GmbH Wien Contents Part I The Molecules 1 Genomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Omar S. Harb, Ulrike Boehme, Kathryn Crouch, Olukemi O. Ifeonu, David S. Roos, Joana C. Silva, Fatima Silva-Franco, Staffan Svärd, Kyle Tretina, and Gareth Weedall 2 Proteomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Jonathan Wastling and Dong Xia 3 Glycomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Iain B. H. Wilson Part II The Parasites (and Their Molecules) 4 Giardia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Norbert Müller and Joachim Müller 5 Trichomonas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Pier Luigi Fiori , Paola Rappelli , Daniele Dessì , Robert Hirt , Sven Gould , Jan Tachezy , and Ivan Hrdy 6 Trypanosoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Christine Clayton 7 Leishmania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Anton Aebischer and Martin Mrva 8 Toxoplasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Carsten G. K. Lüder and Frank Seeber 9 Plasmodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Volker Heussler , Tobias Spielmann , Friedrich Frischknecht , and Tim Gilberger v vi Contents 10 Acanthamoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Martina Köhsler , Martin Mrva , and Julia Walochnik 11 Entamoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Michael Duchêne Part III Hot Topics 12 Phylogeny and Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Christen M. Klinger , Anna Karnkowska , Emily K. Herman , Vladimir Hampl , and Joel B. Dacks 13 Host-Parasite Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Heinrich Körner , Shanshan Hu , and Christian Bogdan 14 Parasite-Vector Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Günter A. Schaub , Patric Vogel , and Carsten Balczun 15 From Molecule to Drug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 Pascal Mäser and Reto Brun 16 Vaccine Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Julie Healer and Alan F. Cowman Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 Contributors Anton Aebischer Head of FG 16 Infections , Robert Koch-Institute , Berlin , Germany Carsten Balczun Central Institute of the Bundeswehr , Medical Service Koblenz , Koblenz , Germany Ulrike Boehme Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute , Wellcome Trust Genome Campus , Hinxton, Cambridgeshire , UK Christian Bogdan Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene , Friederich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen- Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany Reto Brun Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology , Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland Christine Clayton Group Leader in the DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance , ZMBH , Heidelberg , Germany Alan F. Cowman Head, Division of Infection and Immunity , The Walter and Eliza Hall institute of Medical Research , Parkville , VIC , Australia Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia Kathryn Crouch Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology , Glasgow , UK Joel B. Dacks Department of Cell Biology , Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Cell Biology, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada Daniele Dessì Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy Michael Duchêne Institute of Specifi c Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine , Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria Pier Luigi Fiori Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy vii viii Contributors Friedrich Frischknecht Parasitology - Department of Infectious Diseases , University of Heidelberg Medical School , Heidelberg , Germany Tim Gilberger , PhD Pathology and Molecular Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada Sven Gould Institute for Molecular Evolution , Heinrich-Heine-University , Düsseldorf , Germany Vladimír Hampl Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic Omar S. Harb Department of Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA Julie Healer Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Victoria , Australia Emily Herman Department of Cell Biology , Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Cell Biology, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada Volker Heussler Institute of Cell Biology , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg , Germany Robert Hirt Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK Ivan Hrdy Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic Shanshan Hu Menzies Institute for Medical Research , University of Tasmania , Tasmania, Australia Olukemi O. Ifeonu University of Maryland School of Medicine , Institute for Genome Sciences , Baltimore , MD , USA Anna Karnkowska Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic Christen Klinger Department of Cell Biology , Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Cell Biology, University of Alberta , Edmonton , AL , Canada Martina Köhsler Institute of Specifi c Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria Heinrich Körner Menzies Institute for Medical Research , Tasmania , Australia Carsten G. K. Lüder Department of Medical Microbiology , Göttingen University Medical School , Göttingen , Germany Pascal Mäser Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology , Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland Contributors ix Martin Mrva Department of Zoology , Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia Norbert Müller Institute for Parasitology , University of Berne , Bern , Switzerland Joachim Müller Institute for Parasitology , Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Berne , Bern , Switzerland Paola Rappelli Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy David S. Roos Department of Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA Günter A. Schaub Zoologie/Parasitologie , Ruhr-Universität-Bochum , Bochum , Germany Frank Seeber 2 Robert-Koch-Institut , Berlin , Germany Joana C. Silva University of Maryland School of Medicine , Institute for Genome Sciences , Baltimore , MD , USA Fatima Silva-Franco Institute of Integrative Biology , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK Tobias Spielmann Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg , Germany Staffan Svärd Uppsala University , Uppsala University, BMC , Uppsala , Sweden Jan Tachezy Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic Kyle Tretina University of Maryland School of Medicine , Institute for Genome Sciences , Baltimore , MD , USA Patric Vogel Zoology/Parasitology Group , Ruhr-Universität , Bochum , Germany Julia Walochnik Institute of Specifi c Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria Jonathan Wastling Executive Dean, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Keele University , Keele , UK Gareth Weedall Vector Biology Department , Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Liverpool , UK Iain B. H. Wilson Department for Chemistry , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) , Vienna , Austria Dong Xia Department of Infection Biology , Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK Part I The Molecules