Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol Neurobiology and Metabolism Experimental Biology and Medicine Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol: Neurobiology and Metabolism, edited by Grace Y. Sun, P. Kevin Rudeen, W. Gibson Wood, Yau Huei Wei, and Albert Y. Sun, 1989 Macromolecular Biorecognition: Principles and Methods, edited by Irwin Chaiken, Emilia Chiancone, Angelo Fontana, and Paolo Neri, 1987 Molecular Basis of Lymphokine Action, edited by David R. Webb, Carl W. Pierce, and Stanley Cohen, 1987 Biology of Copper Complexes, edited by John R. J. Sorenson, 1987 Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease, edited by P. H. Levine, D. V. Ablashi, M. Nonoyama, G. R. Pearson, and R. Glaser, 1987 Methods of Protein Sequence Analysis • 1986, edited by Kenneth A. Walsh, 1987 Regulation of Immune Gene Expression, edited by Marc Feldmann and Andrew McMichael, 1986 Biological Methylation and Drug Design, edited by Ronald T. Borchardt, Cyrus R. Creveling, and Per Magne Ueland, 1986 Retroviruses and Human Pathology, edited by Robert C. Gallo, Dominique Stehelin, and Oliviero E. Varnier, 1985 Directed Drug Delivery, edited by Ronald T. Borchardt, Arnold Repta, and Valentino Stella, 1985 Immune Regulation, edited by Marc Feldmann and N. A. Mitchison, 1985 Human T Cell Clones, edited by Marc Feldmann, Jonathan R. Lamb, and James N. Woody, 1985 Inositol and Phosphoinositides, edited by John E. Bleasdale, Joseph Eichberg, and George Hauser, 1985 Growth, Cancer, and the Cell Cycle, edited by Philip Skehan and Susan J. Friedman, 1984 Ir Genes, edited by Carl W. Pierce, Susan E. Cullen, Judith A. Kapp, Benjamin D. Schwartz, and Donald C. Shreffler, 1983 Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis, edited by Marshall Elzinga, 1982 Inflammatory Diseases and Copper, edited by John R. J. Sorenson, 1982 Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol Neurobiology and Metabolism Edited by Grace Y. Sun, P. Kevin Rudeen, W. Gibson Wood, Yau Huei Wei, and Albert Y. Sun Humana Press • Clifton, New Jersey Libraty of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Symposium for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (1988 : Taipei, Taiwan) Molecular actions of ethanol : neurobiology and metabolism I edited by Grace Y. Sun .... ret all. p. em. - (Experimental biology and medicine) "The proceedings of the International Symposium for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism) July 4-6, 1988 Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. c."- -T.p. verso. ISBN-l3: 978-1-4612-8855-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-4514-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4514-8 1. Alcohol-Physiological effect-Congresses. 2. Alcohol -Pathophysiology-Congresses. 3. Alcoholism-Animal models- -Congresses. I. Sun, Grace Y. II. Title. III. Series: Experimental biology and medicine (Gifton, N. J.) [DNLM: 1. Alcohol, Ethyl-pharmacology-congresses. 2. Brain Chemistry-drug effects--<:ongresses. 3. Cells, cu1tured-drug effects--<:ongresses. 4. Metabolism-drug effects--<x>ngresses. QV 84 1585m 1988] QP801.A31585 1988 616.86' 107-<ic20 DNLM/DLC for library of Congress 89-19848 OP © Copyright 1989 by The Humana Press Inc Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1989 Crescent Manor POBox 2148 Gifton, New Jersey 07015 All rights of any nature whatsoever reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying. microxfilming. recording. computer database entry, or networking. or in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the Publisher. The proceedings of the International Symposium for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism July 4-6,1988 Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C. Preface Alcohol abuse throughout the world is associated with serious social and medical implications. Problems such as intoxication, tol erance, and development of physical dependence have been well recognized. The central nervous system and the liver are especially affected. There is little doubt that alcohol abuse can result in organ damage, which in turn leads to deleterious health consequences to the individual. Understanding ethanol action presents a special challenge because of its molecular simplicity and functional diver sity. In fact, the ability for alcohol to disrupt cellular function is at tributed to its cellular injury without regard to an apparent specific mechanism of action. Nevertheless, the key to an effective treatment to this problem is through research into understanding the mechan isms underlying how ethanol interacts with cells and membranes. This book is the result of a cooperative effort among scientists from many nations who met in a symposium in Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, July 1988. The focus of this book is on experimental ap proaches to better understand the molecular mechanisms of ethanol on the biological system. These recent advances in the examination of the alcohol effects on cellular function are divided into four sec tions. The first section addresses specific actions of ethanol on the central nervous system. The second section is directed to the use of cell cuI tures in ethanol research and the usefulness of cell cultures in examination of the effects of ethanol in vitro. The third section ad dresses the effects of ethanol on biochemical processes in cellular function, and the fourth section focuses on the use of animal models for alcohol research. Therefore, the contributions within this book encompass the current state of knowledge pertinent to a multifacto rial etiology of alcohol-related processes at the cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels. Organization of the subject matter into these sections, hopefully, will be informative to the readers in these ex citing areas of alcohol research. v vi Preface The production of this book would not have been possible with out the support and help of a number of individuals. The editors wish to express their appreciation to the authors for their willing ness to contribute and share their work. We are most grateful to the support by National Yang-Ming Medical College and the Chinese National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC for sponsoring the sympo sium. Thanks are also due to the Ching-Ling Medical Foundations, ROC, International Society for Neurochemistry and University of Missouri-Columbia, USA for additional financial support for the symposium, as well as publication of this book volume. Finally, the editors want to acknowledge their appreciation for the contribu tions of Ms. Betsey Jones for her diligent role as editorial assistant. P. Kevin Rudeen Albert Y. Sun Grace Y. Sun Yau-Huei Wei W. Gibson Wood Acknowledgments Sponsor National Yang-Ming Medical College Cosponsors Chinese National Science Council, ROC The Veterans General Hospital, ROC Ching-ling Medical Foundations, ROC International Society for Neurochemistry University of Missouri-Columbia, USA vii Contents v Preface xiii List of Participants 1. Ethanol Action on Neurochemical Mechanisms 3 Specific Action of Ethanol on Lateral and Vertical Membrane Lipid Domains, W. Gibson Wood, Christine Gorka, A. M. Rao, and FriedheIm Schroeder 15 Effects of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Administration on Metabolism of Brain Acidic Phospholipids, Grace Y. Sun, Renuka Chandrasekhar, and Hsueh-Meei Huang 39 Effects of Ethanol on Receptors Coupled to Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in Brain, Fulton T. Crews, Norbert I. Pontzer, and L.ludson Chandler 57 The Effects of Ethanol on Synaptic Membrane Calcium Transporting Systems, Mary L. Michaelis 69 Depolarization-Dependent Poly-Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in Brain Is Inhibited by Ethanol In Vitro, Ruben A. Gonzales 75 Glutamic Acid Synaptic Activity Is a Target of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Effects in the Mammalian Brain, Elias K. Michaelis ix x Contents 87 Effect of Ethanol Administration on the Phosphorylation of a 43KDa Synaptosomal Protein, Patricia M. Wixom and Albert Y. Sun 97 Ethanol Alters Monoamine Content in Different Brain Regions of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Ying-Ling Wang and Jiann-Wu Wei 107 Synthesis of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters by Brain Membranes, Teng-Nan Lin and Grace Y. Sun 119 Vasopressin and Ethanol Tolerance: Postulated Mechanism for Neuroadaptation, Paula L. Hoffman, Hideaki Ishizawa, Gyula Szabo, J. R. Dave, Li-Ing Liu, and Boris Tabakoff 133 Serotonergic Mechanisms in Alcohol Intake, David T. Wong and James M. Murphy 147 Mechanisms of Central Nervous System Alcohol-Related Birth Defects, P. Kevin Rudeen and Julia A. Creighton II. Ethanol and Cell Culture 169 Prenatal Ethanol Studies on Astrocytes, SUjata Tewari, Thanh Hoang, David Winn, Kimberly Boyd, and Hemalatha Parekh 193 Cell Cultures as a Model for Alcohol Research, Christer Alling, Elisabeth Hansson, and Per Simonsson 207 Ethanol and Bradykinin-Stimulated Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in NGI08-15 Neuroblastoma-Glioma Cells, Per Simonsson, Grace Y. Sun, and Christer Alling 215 Effect of Lipid Peroxidation on Glucose Transport in Astrocytes: Potentiation by Ethanol, Teh-Chen Jou, S. M. Liu, and Albert Y. Sun Contents xi III. Ethanol Effects on Metabolism 'l27 Genetic Polymorphism and Properties of Human Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Implications for Ethanol Metabolism and Toxicity, Shih-Jiun Yin and Ting-Kai Li 249 Population Differences in ALDH Levels and Flushing Response, Chiao-Chicy Chen and Eng-KungYeh '257 Spin Trapping Studies of the Influence of Alcohol on Lipid Peroxidation, Fiti F. Ahmad, David L. Cowan, and Albert Y. Sun 279 Comparative Study on Biochemical Effects of Alcohols on Rat Liver Mitochondrial Respiration and Oxidative Phosphorylation, Yau-Huei Wei, JiunYu Huang, and Chia-Hsiang Lee 293 Increases in Hepatic Gammaglutamyl Transferase Following Alcohol Consumption: A Hepatoprotective Rather than a Pathogenic Role, Yedy Israel, Shigeyuki Nagata, and Hernan Spiesky 305 Effects of Chronic Ethanol and Fish Oil on Plasma and Liver Lipids and Plasma Apoproteins, M. R. Lakshman, Stuart J. Chirtel, and Laura L. Chambers 317 Effects of Ethanol on Contractility and Membrane Currents of Cardiac Tissue, M. J. SU and S. O. Lin 327 Effect of Acute Ethanol on Membrane Transport of Folate, Kenneth E. McMartin, William R. Bates, Tamaca Fortney, and Sneh D. Bhandari 335 Alcoholism: A Low-Risk Disorder for Chinese? Community Surveys in Taiwan, Eng-Kung Yeh, Hai-Gwo Hwu, Chiao-Chicy Chen, and Yuan-Li Yeh