Molecular Biology and Pathology of Paediatric Cancer CATHERINE J. CULLINANE, et al. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cullin-fm.qxd 9/27/03 9:44 AM Page i OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS Molecular Biology and Pathology of Paediatric Cancer Cullin-fm.qxd 9/27/03 5:36 PM Page ii Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Cullin-fm.qxd 9/27/03 9:44 AM Page iii Molecular Biology and Pathology of Paediatric Cancer Edited by CATHERINE J. CULLINANE Department of Pathology St James’s University Hospital Leeds, UK SUSAN A. BURCHILL Candlelighter’s Children’s Cancer Research Laboratory Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre St James’s University Hospital Leeds, UK JEREMY A. SQUIRE Ontario Cancer Institute Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Toronto, Canada JOHN J. O’LEARY Department of Pathology Coombe Women’s Hospital, St. James’s Hospital, and Trinity College Dublin, Ireland IAN J. LEWIS Yorkshire Regional Centre for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology St James’s University Hospital Leeds, UK 1 Cullin-fm.qxd 9/27/03 9:44 AM Page iv 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sa˜o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press, 2003 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (Data available) ISBN 0 19 263079 2 (Hbk) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by CPI Bath, Bath Cullin-fm.qxd 9/27/03 9:44 AM Page v For children everywhere with cancer Cullin-fm.qxd 9/27/03 9:44 AM Page vi This page intentionally left blank Cullin-fm.qxd 9/27/03 9:44 AM Page vii Foreword The management of children with cancer has become a paradigm of cancer care for patients of all ages. The mul- tidisciplinary team approach involving oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, clinical scientists, nurses, and other spe- cialists operates on a basis of mutual respect and understanding for the roles of all disciplines. Such understanding develops through close clinical liaison but is much facilitated by the availability of readily accessible information sources which educate and guide practitioners. This excellent book fulfils that purpose to the fullest extent. In this age of electronic media and the Internet one can be deluged with information, much of it unhelpful or misleading. In order to see the big picture, publications such as this are vital. The care of a child with cancer requires a comprehensive understanding of the biology of the disease, the diagnostic methodologies, and the way in which these impact on treatment decisions. The editors and authors of this book are to be highly commended for the quality and clarity of the text. This book is relevant not only to clinical scientists and pathologists but also to oncologists and other clinicians. It represents a one stop, com- prehensive source of information and can only broaden the horizons of all those who read it. The true beneficiar- ies of this book will be children with cancer, for with accessible information sources such as this the quality of care can only be improved. Allan G. Howatson Consultant Paediatric Pathologist Royal Hospital for Sick Children Glasgow Cullin-fm.qxd 9/27/03 9:44 AM Page vi This page intentionally left blank Cullin-fm.qxd 9/27/03 9:44 AM Page ix Preface Are you a clinician or scientist working in paediatric oncology who wishes to understand current developments in molecular pathology as applied to your field? Then this is the book for you! It is a broad ranging review focusing on the impact of molecular and cytogenetic techniques on understanding of the aetiology, clinical behaviour, diagnosis, and management of paediatric cancer. The first section outlines the laboratory handling of tissue samples, theory, and methodology of cytogenetic and molecular techniques and discusses predisposition syndromes. The second section highlights the application of cytogenetic and molecular methods in diagnosis and treatment of the major paediatric cancers. C.J. Cullinane S.A. Burchill J.A. Squire J.J.O’Leary I.J. Lewis