Studies in Systems, Decision and Control 121 Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed Ali Mohamed Eltamaly Modeling and Simulation of Smart Grid Integrated with Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Studies in Systems, Decision and Control Volume 121 Series editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] About this Series The series “Studies in Systems, Decision and Control” (SSDC) covers both new developments and advances, as well as the state of the art, in the various areas of broadly perceived systems, decision making and control- quickly, up to date and withahighquality.Theintentistocoverthetheory,applications,andperspectives on the state of the art and future developments relevant to systems, decision making,control,complexprocessesandrelatedareas, asembeddedinthefieldsof engineering,computerscience,physics,economics,socialandlifesciences,aswell astheparadigmsandmethodologiesbehindthem.Theseriescontainsmonographs, textbooks, lecture notes and edited volumes in systems, decision making and control spanning the areas of Cyber-Physical Systems, Autonomous Systems, Sensor Networks, Control Systems, Energy Systems, Automotive Systems, Biological Systems, Vehicular Networking and Connected Vehicles, Aerospace Systems, Automation, Manufacturing, Smart Grids, Nonlinear Systems, Power Systems, Robotics, Social Systems, Economic Systems and other. Of particular valuetoboththecontributorsandthereadershiparetheshortpublicationtimeframe and the world-wide distribution and exposure which enable both a wide and rapid dissemination of research output. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13304 Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed Ali Mohamed Eltamaly Modeling and Simulation of Smart Grid Integrated with Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems 123 MohamedAbdelaziz Mohamed Ali MohamedEltamaly Electrical Engineering Department Sustainable Energy Technologies Center KingSaud University KingSaud University Riyadh Riyadh SaudiArabia SaudiArabia and and Electrical Engineering Department Electrical Engineering Department Minia University MansouraUniversity Minia Mansoura Egypt Egypt ISSN 2198-4182 ISSN 2198-4190 (electronic) Studies in Systems,DecisionandControl ISBN978-3-319-64794-4 ISBN978-3-319-64795-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-64795-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017947860 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland I dedicate this book to my parents, my wife, my sons, my brothers, my sisters, my friends, and colleagues. Without their patience, understanding,support,sacrifice,andmostof all love, the completion of this work would not have been possible. Dr. Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed Preface Renewable energy power plants have been used to feed loads in remote areas as well as in central power plants connected to electric utility. Smart grid concepts used in the design process of the hybrid renewable power systems can reduce the sizeofcomponentswhichcanbetranslatedtoreducethecostofgeneratedenergy. This book introduces a design methodology for stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system with and without applying the smart grid concepts for comparison purpose. The proposed hybrid renewable energy system contains wind, photo- voltaic, battery, and diesel engine. The system is used in the beginning to feed certain loads, and the hybrid system should cover the load required completely. A novel methodology has been introduced taking the smart grid concept into account by dividing the loads into high- and low-priority parts. The high-priority partshouldbesuppliedatanygeneratedconditions.But,thelow-priorityloadscan beshiftedtothetimewhenthegeneratedenergyfromrenewableenergysourcesis greaterthanthehigh-priorityloadrequirements.Resultsshowthattheusingofthis smartgridconceptwillreducethecomponentsizeandthecostofgeneratedenergy comparedtothecasewithoutdividingtheloads.Smartoptimizationtechniqueslike particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) have been used to optimally design the hybrid renewable energy system. This book will give the reader an excellent background about the renewable energysources,optimalsizingandlocatingofhybridrenewableenergysources,the bestoptimizationmethodologiesforsizinganddesigningthecomponentsofhybrid renewable energy system, and how to use smart grid concepts in the design and sizing of this system. This book will be very interesting for the readers who look for using hybrid renewableenergysystemtofeedloadsinisolatedareas.Itwillalsohelpthemtoknow about the dispatch methodology and how to connect different components of this system.Also,itwillhelpthemtounderstandthemodelingofdifferentcomponents ofthehybridrenewableenergysystemaswellasthecostanalysisofthissystem. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia/Minia, Egypt Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed Riyadh, Saudi Arabia/Mansoura, Egypt Ali Mohamed Eltamaly vii Statement of Originality Iherebycertifythatalloftheworkdescribedinthisbookisanoriginalwork.Any published (or unpublished) ideas and/or techniques from the work of others are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Dr. Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed ix Acknowledgements Thanks first and last to Allah for the utmost help and support during this work. Thanks to King Saud University for giving me the opportunity to conduct my work and improve my scientific career. Sincere thanks are also due to my family who suffered a lot during the prepa- ration of this work. Dr. Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed xi Contents 1 Introduction and Literature Review . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1 1.1 Introduction .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1 1.2 Problem Statement ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 2 1.3 Literature Review.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3 1.3.1 Renewable Energy Integration.. .... .... .... ..... .... 3 1.3.2 Optimal Sizing of Renewable Energy Systems. ..... .... 4 1.3.3 Energy Management Systems.. .... .... .... ..... .... 8 1.4 Research Objectives.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 10 1.5 Organization of Book. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 10 2 Modeling of Hybrid Renewable Energy System .... .... ..... .... 11 2.1 Introduction .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 11 2.2 Modeling of Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Diesel Energy System. .... 11 2.2.1 Modeling of Wind Energy System .. .... .... ..... .... 12 2.2.2 Modeling of PV Energy System.... .... .... ..... .... 14 2.2.3 Battery Storage Model ... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 15 2.2.4 Diesel Generator Model .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 15 2.3 System Reliability Model... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 16 2.4 Energy Cost Model... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 16 2.5 Resources and Load Data... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 19 3 Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Stand-Alone Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel/Battery Energy Systems .. .... ..... .... 23 3.1 Introduction .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 23 3.2 Optimization Strategies of HRES. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 23 3.2.1 Management Strategy .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 24 3.2.2 Optimization Strategy .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 25 3.3 New Proposed Simulation Program ... .... .... .... ..... .... 26 3.4 Simulation Results and Discussion.... .... .... .... ..... .... 27 3.5 Conclusions .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 37 xiii