Mobile Communications IFIP - The International Federation for Information Processing IPIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states, IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information technology for the benefit of all people. IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications. IPIP's events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are: • the IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year; • open conferences; • working conferences. The flagship event is the IPIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high. As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed. The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion. Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IPIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers. Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full member of IPIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership. Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights. Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered. Mobile Communications Technology, tools, applications, authentication and security IFIP World Conference on Mobile Communications 2 - 6 September 1996, Canberra, Australia Edited by Jose L. Encarna9io Fraunhofer -IGD Darmstadt Germany and Jan M. Rabaey EECS Department University of California Berkeley USA Uill I SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, BV. First edition 1996 C 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1996 ISBN 978-1-4757-5857-3 ISBN 978-0-387-34980-0 (eBook) DOI 10.10071978-0-387-34980-0 Apart from any fair deaIiog for the purposes of research or private study. or criticism or review. as permitted UDder the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act. 1988. this publication may not be reproduced. stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means. without the prior permission in writing of the publisbcrs. oc in the case of reprograpbic reproduction only in accordance with the temIs of the licences issued by the Copyright Ucensing Agency in the UK. or in accordance with the temIs of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries conceming reproduction outside the terms stated ben: should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The .publisher makes DO representation. exPress or implied. with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any enors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library @)Printed on permanent acid-free text paper. manufactured in accordance with ANSVNISO Z39.48-1992 and ANSVNISO Z39.48-1984 (Permanence of Paper). Foreword The IFIP 1996 World Conference on Mobile Communications was prepared by an International Programme Committee (IPC) that consisted of 25 members, international top experts for the area and coming from 10 countries. The IPC published a Call for Papers that was intemational1y distributed on a large scale. All papers submitted were reviewed by at least three intemational experts. Based on these reviews the IPC developed a very high quality conference programme in two meetings (one in Providence, RI, USA, and the other one in Darmstadt, Germany). The programme is divided into two tracks: Track 1: Mobile Technology, Tools and Applications Track 2: Trusting in Technology, Authentification, Security Track 1 presents 21 papers and includes four invited papers in eight technical sessions. Track 2 presents 12 papers and includes two invited papers and one industrial state-of-the-art report in four technical sessions. These proceedings publish the revised versions of all accepted papers. We would like to express our thanks to the IPC members for all their contributions and all the support in putting this programme together, which we believe is of a very high technical quality and includes major contributions in science, technology, applications, and trends for the area of Mobile Communications. Thanks also to all the organizers of IFIP'96, especially to Professor Horbst for all his personal advice. I would also like to express my gratitude to my Co-Chairman Professor Jan Rabaey, University of California at Berkeley, USA, for sharing with me the effort needed to develop this technical, scientific programme for the 1996 World Conference on Mobile Communications in Canberra, Australia. Darmstadt, Germany Jose L. Encamayao June 1996 IFIP PRESIDENT'S INTRODUCTION The most important single event in the IFIP program of activities is the World Computer Congress, currently held every two years. Thirteen World Computer Congresses have been organized by IFIP. In 1980, the 8th IFIP Computer Congress was jointly held in Japan and Australia. The 13th IFIP Congress was held in Hamburg in September 1994. The 15th Congress is scheduled to take place in Vienna and Budapest in September 1998 and the venue of Congress 2000 will be Beijing, China. IFIP is delighted to come back to Australia which is also an appreciation and recognition of the contributions Australia and the other countries from the Pacific Region have made to the development of information processing. The name "Canberra" comes from an ancient Aboriginal word which means "Meeting Place". From 2 - 6 September 1996, this modern and beautiful city will host the 14th IFIP World Computer Congress and will provide a meeting place for many academics and practitioners coming from all regions of the world to discuss achievements, interests and future develop ments in the field of information processing. Congress '96 and its three specialized conferences are focused on the latest developments in multimedia, information highways, intelligent systems, mobile communications, use of computer and communication technologies in teaching and learning. The Congress format offers a unique opportunity to all participants to discuss and contribute to subject areas with a critical impact on the use and application of IT in the future. The organization of an IFIP Congress is not an easy task. Since 1991, when the IFIP General Assembly selected Canberra as the site for Congress '96, preparations have been under way with contributions from many IFIP volunteers, technical committees and IFIP as a whole. We are hopeful that these efforts will be reflected in a very successful Congress. I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who has contributed to the organization of Congress '96. May I express IFIP's grateful thanks to the International Program Committee and the hosting organization, The Australian Computer Society. Last but not least, I extend IFIP's thanks to all Congress '96 participants, wishing them an enjoyable and professionally successful stay in Canberra, and hope to see many of them in Vienna and Budapest in 1998. Prof. Kurt Bauknecht President International Federation for Information Processing CONTENTS Foreword v Introduction vi Keynote Paper 1 Trends of flat displays in the multimedia age H. Sasaki 3 TRACK 1 MOBILE TECHNOLOGY, TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS PART ONE System Support for Mobile Communications 7 Invited Paper 2 System support and applications for mobile computing N. Diehl 9 3 Developments in mobile data system technology -particularly GSM J. Leske 11 PART TWO Caching and Replication for Mobile Communications 21 4 Replication-support for advanced mobile applications D. Kottmann 23 5 Caching data over a broadcast channel H. V. Leong, A.Si, B.Y.L. Chan 31 PART THREE Basic Architectures for Mobile Information Systems 39 6 Mobile frames: a pragmatic approach to automatic application partitioning based on an end-user data model T. Kirste 41 7 Generic personal communications support for open service environments T. Eckardt, T. Magedanz, C. Ulbricht, R. Popescu-Zeletin 50 PART FOUR Mobile Agents and Multimedia Applications 67 Invited Paper 8 Supporting user mobility M.Brown 69 9 Designing secure agents with 0.0. technologies for user's mobility D. Carlier, P. Trane 78 10 The idea: integrating authoring concepts for mobile agents into an authoring tool for active multimedia mail J. Schirmer, T. Kirste 86 viii Contents 11 Animation within mobile multimedia on-line services C. Bell., M. Bergold, H. Hackelmann, R. Strack 98 PART FIVE Networking and Protocols for Moblle Communication 109 12 Theoretical analyses of data communications integrated into cordless voice channels R. Canchi, Y. Akaiwa 111 13 Random access, reservation and polling multiaccess protocol for wireless data systems T. Buot 119 PART SIX Methods and Algorithms for Moblle Information Access 127 Invited Paper 14 Challenges in mobile information systems and services R. Strack 129 15 A buffer overhead minimization method for multicast-based handoff in picocellular networks E. Ha, Y. Choi, C. Kim 132 16 Impact of mobility in mobile communication systems M. Zonoozi, P. Dassanayake 141 PART SEVEN Mobile Communication Architectures 149 17 Mobile computing based on GSM: the Mowgli approach T. Alanko, M. Kojo, H. Laamanen, K. Raatikainen, M. 7ienari 151 18 An adaptive data distribution system for mobile environments S. KiUnmel, A. Schill, K. Schumann, T. Ziegert 159 19 Object oriented system architecture and strategies for the exchange of structured multimedia data with mobile hosts J. Bonigk, U. von Lukas 167 PART EIGHT QoS-Management and Resource Discovery for Mobile Communication 179 Invited Paper 20 Agent skills and their roles in mobile computing and personal communications M. Mendes, W. Loyolla. T. Magedanz. F.M. Assis Silva, S. Krause 181 21 A global QoS management for wireless network M. T. Le, J. Rabaey 205 22 Resource discovery protocol for mobile computing C. Perkins, H. Harjono 219 TRACK 2 TRUSTING IN TECHNOLOGY, AUTHENTICATION, SECURITY Invited Paper 23 The future of smart cards: technology and application V. Cordonnier 239 Contents ix Industrial State-of-the-Art Report 24 Use of smart cards for security applications by Deutsche Telekom B. Kowalski 245 PART ONE Protocols for Authentication, Secure Communication and Payment 247 25 An authentication and security protocol for mobile computing y. Zheng 249 26 Design of secure end-to-end protocols for mobile systems V. Varadharajan, Y. Mu 258 27 Yet another simple internet electronic payment system J. Zhao, C. Dong, E. Koch 267 PART TWO General Security Aspects in Mobile Communication 275 28 Difficulties in achieving security in mobile communications I. Nurkic 277 29 GSM digital cellular telephone system: a case study of encryption algorithms T. Smith 285 PART THREE New Security Algorithms and Methods 299 30 A new algorithm for smart cards C. Marco, P. Morillo 301 31 A new approach to integrity of digital images D. Storck 309 Invited Paper 32 How to protect multimedia applications E. Koch 317 PART FOUR Secure Mobile AppHcations 321 33 Phone card application and authentication in wireless communications C.H. Lee, M.S. Hwang. w.P. Yang 323 34 Real-time mobile EFI'POS: challenges and implications of a world first application S.R. Elliot 330 Index of Contributors 339 Keyword Index 341 Keynote Paper