MM PI—2 A Practitioner's Guide Edited by James N. Butcher American Psychological Association Washington, DC Copyright © 2006 by the American Psychological Association. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, including, but not limited to, the process of scanning and digitization, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by American Psychological Association 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC 20002 www.apa.org To order In the U.K., Europe, Africa, APA Order Department and the Middle East, P.O. Box 92984 copies may be ordered from Washington, DC 20090-2984 American Psychological Association Tel: (800) 374-2721; Direct: (202) 336-5510 3 Henrietta Street Fax: (202) 336-5502; TDD/TTY: (202) 336-6123 Covent Garden, London Online: www.apa.org/books/ WC2E 8LU England E-mail: [email protected] Typeset in Goudy by Shepherd, Inc., Dubuque, IA Printer: Data Reproductions, Ann Arbor, MI Cover Designer: Anne Masters, Washington, DC Project Manager: Shepherd, Inc., Dubuque, IA The opinions and statements published are the responsibility of the authors, and such opinions and statements do not necessarily represent the policies of the American Psychological Association. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data MMPI-2 : a practitioner's guide / edited by James N. Butcher.— 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. I. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. I. Butcher, James Neal, 1933- II. American Psychological Association. RC473.M5M65 2005 2005005198 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library. Printed in the United States of America First Edition CONTENTS Contributors ix. Preface xi I. Perspectives on MMPI-2 Interpretation 1 Chapter 1. Pathways to MMPI-2 Use: A Practitioner's Guide to Test Usage in Diverse Settings 3 James N. Butcher Chapter 2. Evaluating MMPI-2 Research: Considerations for Practitioners 15 James N. Butcher, John R. Graham, Jan H. Kamphuis, and Steven V. Rouse Chapter 3. Assessing Underreporting and Overreporting Response Styles on the MMPI-2 39 R. Michael Bagby, Margarita B. Marshall, Alison S. Bury, Jason R. Bacchiochi, and Lesley S. Miller II. Applications for the MMPI-2 in Assessment and Therapy 71 Chapter 4. An Overview of Personality: The MMPI-2 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales 73 Allan R. Harkness and John L. McNulty Chapter 5. The Contribution of the MMPI-2 to the Diagnosis of Personality Disorders .... 99 JanJ. L. Derksen Chapter 6. The MMPI-2 and Assessment of Post- traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) .... 121 Walter E. Penk, Jill Rierdan, Marylee Losardo, and Ralph Robinowitz Chapter 7. Treatment Planning With the MMPI-2 143 JuliaN. Perry, Kathryn B. Miller, and Kelly Klump Chapter 8. Therapeutic Assessment With the MMPI-2 165 Stephen E. Finn and Jan H. Kamphuis III. Applications of the MMPI-2 Across Diverse Populations 193 Chapter 9. Use of the MMPI-2 in Inpatient Mental Health Settings 195 David S. Nichols and Brenton Crowhurst Chapter 10. Use of the MMPI-2 in Outpatient Mental Health Settings 253 Roger L. Greene Chapter 11. Use of the MMPI-2 in Medical Settings 273 Paul A. Arbisi and Richard]. Seime Chapter 12. Use of the MMPI-2 in Neuropsychological Evaluations 301 Carlton S. Gass Chapter 13. Use of the MMPI-2 in Correctional Settings 327 Edwin L Megargee Chapter 14. Assessing Alcohol- and Drug-Abusing Clients With the MMPI-2 361 Kevin R. Young and Nathan C. Weed Chapter 15. Personnel Screening With the MMPI-2 381 James N. Butcher, Deniz S. Ones, and Michael Cullen vi CONTENTS Chapter 16. Use of the MMPI-2 in Personal Injury and Disability Evaluations 407 Paul A. Arbisi IV. Special Considerations in MMPI-2 Interpretation 443 Chapter 17. Computer-Based Assessment With the MMPI-2 445 Mem M. Atlis, Jungwon Hahn, and James N. Butcher Chapter 18. Interpretation of Latino/Latina MMPI-2 Profiles: Review and Application of Empirical Findings and Cultural- Linguistic Considerations 477 Maria Garrido and Roberto Velasquez Chapter 19. Cross-Cultural Applications of the MMPI-2 505 James N. Butcher, Sonia Coelho Mosch, Jeanne Tsai, and Elahe Nezami References 539 Index 611 About the Editor 631 CONTENTS Vtt CONTRIBUTORS Paul A. Arbisi, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis VA Medical Center Mera M. Atlis, University of California, San Francisco Jason R. Bacchiochi, University of Toronto Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada R. Michael Bagby, University of Toronto Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Alison S. Bury, University of Toronto Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada James N. Butcher, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Brenton Crowhurst, Rockyview General Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Michael Cullen, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Jan J. L. Derksen, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Nether- lands; Free University of Brussels, Belgium Stephen E. Finn, Center for Therapeutic Assessment, Austin, TX Maria Garrido, University of Rhode Island, Kingston Carlton S. Gass, VA Medical Center, Miami, FL John R. Graham, Kent State University, Kent, OH Roger L. Greene, Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto, CA Jungwon Hahn, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA Allan R. Harkness, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK Jan H. Kamphuis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Kelly Klump, Michigan State University, East Lansing Marylee Losardo, VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA Margarita B. Marshall, University of Toronto Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada John L. McNulty, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK Edwin 1. Megargee, Florida State University, Tallahassee Kathryn B. Miller, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Lesley S. Miller, University of Toronto Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Sonia Coelho Mosch, Park Nicollet Clinic/Methodist Hospital, St. Louis Park, Minnesota Elahe Nezami, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Los Angeles, CA David S. Nichols, Portland, OR Deniz S. Ones, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Walter E. Penk, Texas A&M University, College Station; Harvard Med- ical School, Cambridge, MA Julia N. Perry, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapo- lis, MN Jill Rierdan, University of Massachusetts at Boston Ralph Robinowitz, Dallas, Texas Steven V. Rouse, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA Richard J. Seime, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN Jeanne Tsai, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Roberto Velasquez, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA Nathan C. Weed, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant Kevin R. Young, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE My career in psychology has spanned 44 years of research and practi- cal applications with the MMPI/MMPI-2. This has been an enjoyable pas- sage in which I have had the opportunity to work with many researchers and practitioners—MMPI-2ers around the world (sometimes referred to as the "Mult-cult") in different professional contexts. I have had the opportu- nity to be involved in many collaborative projects on the MMPI that addressed MMPI issues and applications; but the present project—the development of MMPI-2: A Practitioner's Guide—has been especially rewarding for me. When I retired from the Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota in 2003, I found myself with both the time to undertake an extensive project and some unfinished ideas for a project that I have wanted to do for some time—an advanced interpretive guide for the MMPI-2. The MMPI-2 and its predecessor, the MMPI, have been the most widely used and researched personality assessment instruments, with a research base of over 15,000 published books and articles exploring their various applications. The rich database increases by over 200 articles and books a year. Since the MMPI—2, the revised form of the MMPI, was pub- lished in 1989, a number of new scales have been added as interpretive tools; the validity scales have been widely explored to examine their utility; and the clinical and content scales have been further validated to provide objective information in a variety of clinical settings. In addition to the research clarifying the scales making up the test, there has been an expan- sion of the practical interpretive base for the instrument through a number of introductory level interpretive textbooks that have been made available. MMPI-2: A Practitioner's Guide was developed to provide clinicians and graduate students in applied psychology with an advanced interpretive textbook that incorporates useful research and applied strategies to aid in test interpretation. The book contains an introductory chapter and 18 chapters that provide comprehensive examinations of MMPI—2 use in diverse applications of personality assessment. Each specialized chapter sur- veys the research and interpretation tactics that are specific to the setting involved. The contributing authors for each topic have included the following: • Survey of relevant research: The contribution includes a discus- sion of the research base supporting the special application. • Summary of interpretation nuances: The contributors have incorporated specific considerations that pertain to the appli- cation being addressed in the chapter. • Highlighted features: Each chapter features a highlighted exhibit that presents material and provides interpretive guides to help readers obtain a perspective on specific interpretive strategies. These special sections summarize topics of particu- lar interest to the area and focus on interpretive strategies that are particularly valuable to the clinician. • Case studies: The majority of chapters also contain clinical case examples to illustrate the interpretive process. These cases bring interpretive hypotheses to life by illustrating the interpretive points being made in the chapter. I believe that the various contributions in this volume will add con- siderably to the teaching of MMPI-2 interpretation. This book could never have been undertaken without the strong sup- port and encouragement of a number of people. I would like to thank the countless practitioners who attended the MMPI—2 Workshop and Sympo- sium Series that I conducted for 38 years and who provided me with many fruitful questions that broadened my interest in exploring approaches of the MMPI. I am also pleased to acknowledge the support that the chapter con- tributors to this volume have provided. In the initial phases of this book project, I sought the most productive and historically active MMPI—2 researchers—clinicians on the current scene; each one provided unique "know how" in the project, provided important suggestions about the cov- erage of the book, and managed the difficult task effectively and with a watchful eye to deadlines. The enthusiasm and suggestions of several people in the Books Department at the American Psychological Association were central to whatever success this book might enjoy. I want to single out for special praise and appreciation several people who made this book project possible, particularly Gary VandenBos and Susan Reynolds, who provided very strong support along the way and some useful practical guidance in the xu PREFACE