Missile Defense Agency Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement January 2007 VOLUME 2 APPENDICES A - J Department of Defense Missile Defense Agency 7100 Defense Pentagon Washington, DC 20301-7100 Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED JAN 2007 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-2007 to 00-00-2007 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. Volume 2 Appendices 5b. GRANT NUMBER A - J 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Department of Defense,Missile Defense Agency,7100 Defense REPORT NUMBER Pentagon,Washington,DC,20301-7100 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 643 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Volume 2 Table of Contents APPENDIX A CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION........................................A-1 APPENDIX B PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT....................................................................B-1 B.1 Scoping.........................................................................................................B-2 B.2 Public Comment Period.............................................................................B-24 APPENDIX C RELATED DOCUMENTATION..........................................................C-1 APPENDIX D DESCRIPTIONS OF PROPOSED BMDS ELEMENTS......................D-1 D.1 Airborne Laser .............................................................................................D-2 D.2 Kinetic Energy Interceptor.........................................................................D-10 D.3 AEGIS Ballistic Missile Defense...............................................................D-14 D.4 Ground-Based Midcourse Defense............................................................D-19 D.5 Patriot Advanced Capability-3...................................................................D-29 D.6 Terminal High Altitude Area Defense.......................................................D-36 D.7 Arrow Weapon System..............................................................................D-44 D.8 Medium Extended Air Defense System.....................................................D-48 APPENDIX E DESCRIPTIONS OF PROPOSED BMDS SENSORS..........................E-1 APPENDIX F ADVANCED SYSTEMS........................................................................F-1 APPENDIX G APPLICABLE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS..........................................G-1 APPENDIX H BIOME DESCRIPTIONS......................................................................H-1 H.1 Arctic Tundra Biome....................................................................................H-2 H.1.1 Air Quality........................................................................................H-2 H.1.2 Airspace ............................................................................................H-4 H.1.3 Biological Resources.........................................................................H-6 H.1.4 Geology and Soils...........................................................................H-11 H.1.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste...................................H-13 H.1.6 Health and Safety............................................................................H-13 H.1.7 Noise...............................................................................................H-14 H.1.8 Transportation.................................................................................H-15 H.1.9 Water Resources.............................................................................H-16 H.2 Sub-Arctic Taiga Biome............................................................................H-17 H.2.1 Air Quality......................................................................................H-18 H.2.2 Airspace ..........................................................................................H-20 H.2.3 Biological Resources.......................................................................H-21 H.2.4 Geology and Soils...........................................................................H-25 H.2.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste...................................H-27 H.2.6 Health and Safety............................................................................H-28 H.2.7 Noise...............................................................................................H-28 H.2.8 Transportation.................................................................................H-28 H.2.9 Water Resources.............................................................................H-30 H.3 Deciduous Forest Biome............................................................................H-31 H.3.1 Air Quality......................................................................................H-31 i H.3.2 Airspace ..........................................................................................H-36 H.3.3 Biological Resources.......................................................................H-38 H.3.4 Geology and Soils...........................................................................H-44 H.3.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste...................................H-46 H.3.6 Health and Safety............................................................................H-48 H.3.7 Noise...............................................................................................H-48 H.3.8 Transportation.................................................................................H-48 H.3.9 Water Resources.............................................................................H-49 H.4 Chaparral Biome........................................................................................H-52 H.4.1 Air Quality......................................................................................H-53 H.4.2 Airspace ..........................................................................................H-57 H.4.3 Biological Resources.......................................................................H-58 H.4.4 Geology and Soils...........................................................................H-62 H.4.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste...................................H-64 H.4.6 Health and Safety............................................................................H-64 H.4.7 Noise...............................................................................................H-64 H.4.8 Transportation.................................................................................H-65 H.4.9 Water Resources.............................................................................H-65 H.5 Grasslands Biome.......................................................................................H-66 H.5.1 Air Quality......................................................................................H-66 H.5.2 Airspace ..........................................................................................H-68 H.5.3 Biological Resources.......................................................................H-69 H.5.4 Geology and Soils...........................................................................H-70 H.5.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste...................................H-71 H.5.6 Health and Safety............................................................................H-72 H.5.7 Noise...............................................................................................H-72 H.5.8 Transportation.................................................................................H-72 H.5.9 Water Resources.............................................................................H-73 H.6 Desert Biome..............................................................................................H-75 H.6.1 Air Quality......................................................................................H-76 H.6.2 Airspace ..........................................................................................H-77 H.6.3 Biological Resources.......................................................................H-78 H.6.4 Geology and Soils...........................................................................H-80 H.6.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste...................................H-82 H.6.6 Health and Safety............................................................................H-83 H.6.7 Noise...............................................................................................H-83 H.6.8 Transportation.................................................................................H-83 H.6.9 Water Resources.............................................................................H-84 H.7 Tropical Biome...........................................................................................H-85 H.7.1 Air Quality......................................................................................H-86 H.7.2 Airspace ..........................................................................................H-88 H.7.3 Biological Resources.......................................................................H-90 H.7.4 Geology and Soils...........................................................................H-94 ii H.7.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste...................................H-96 H.7.6 Health and Safety............................................................................H-98 H.7.7 Noise...............................................................................................H-98 H.7.8 Transportation.................................................................................H-98 H.7.9 Water Resources.............................................................................H-99 H.8 Savanna Biome.........................................................................................H-101 H.8.1 Air Quality....................................................................................H-101 H.8.2 Airspace ........................................................................................H-102 H.8.3 Biological Resources.....................................................................H-103 H.8.4 Geology and Soils.........................................................................H-106 H.8.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste.................................H-106 H.8.6 Health and Safety..........................................................................H-107 H.8.7 Noise.............................................................................................H-107 H.8.8 Transportation...............................................................................H-107 H.8.9 Water Resources...........................................................................H-108 H.9 Mountain Biome.......................................................................................H-108 H.9.1 Air Quality....................................................................................H-109 H.9.2 Airspace ........................................................................................H-110 H.9.3 Biological Resources.....................................................................H-111 H.9.4 Geology and Soils.........................................................................H-113 H.9.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste.................................H-113 H.9.6 Health and Safety..........................................................................H-114 H.9.7 Noise.............................................................................................H-114 H.9.8 Transportation...............................................................................H-114 H.9.9 Water Resources...........................................................................H-115 H.10 Broad Ocean Area....................................................................................H-117 H.10.1 Air Quality....................................................................................H-118 H.10.2 Airspace ........................................................................................H-122 H.10.3 Biological Resources.....................................................................H-124 H.10.4 Geology and Soils.........................................................................H-126 H.10.5 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste.................................H-129 H.10.6 Health and Safety..........................................................................H-130 H.10.7 Noise.............................................................................................H-130 H.10.8 Transportation...............................................................................H-131 H.10.9 Water Resources...........................................................................H-132 H.11 Atmosphere..............................................................................................H-135 H.11.1 Air Quality....................................................................................H-138 H.11.2 Airspace ........................................................................................H-139 H.11.3 Biological Resources.....................................................................H-139 H.11.4 Orbital Debris................................................................................H-139 APPENDIX I CUMULATIVE IMPACTS......................................................................I-1 APPENDIX J GLOSSARY..............................................................................................J-1 INDEX VOLUME 2......................................................................................Index V2-1 iii Table of Exhibits Exhibit B-1. Notice of Intent.......................................................................................B-3 Exhibit B-2. Local and Regional Publications and Dates...........................................B-5 Exhibit B-3. Scoping Meeting Notification List.........................................................B-6 Exhibit B-4. Example of Scoping Meeting Notification Letter..................................B-8 Exhibit B-5. Media Representatives Contacted..........................................................B-9 Exhibit B-6. Example of Scoping Meeting Press Release........................................B-10 Exhibit B-7. Public Scoping Meeting Attendees and Comments Provided..............B-11 Exhibit B-8. Issues Addressed in Scoping Comments..............................................B-13 Exhibit B-9. Scoping Comment Excerpts.................................................................B-15 Exhibit B-10. Notice of Availability for the Draft BMDS PEIS................................B-25 Exhibit B-11. Local and Regional Publications and Dates for Public Hearing Announcements....................................................................................B-27 Exhibit B-12. Draft BMDS PEIS Notification Letter.................................................B-29 Exhibit B-13. Arlington, Virginia Public Hearing Transcripts...................................B-31 Exhibit B-14. Sacramento, California Public Hearing Transcripts.............................B-82 Exhibit B-15. Anchorage, Alaska Public Hearing Transcripts.................................B-193 Exhibit B-16. Honolulu, Hawaii Public Hearing Transcripts...................................B-237 Exhibit D-1. Airborne Laser........................................................................................D-3 Exhibit D-2. Kinetic Energy Interceptor Terrestrial and Sea-Based Concepts.........D-10 Exhibit D-3. Aegis Cruiser USS LAKE ERIE..........................................................D-15 Exhibit D-4. COMSATCOM Earth Terminal...........................................................D-22 Exhibit D-5. In-Flight Data Terminals......................................................................D-23 Exhibit D-6. MDA GMD ETR Test and Test Support Locations.............................D-25 Exhibit D-7. PAC-3 Launch......................................................................................D-29 Exhibit D-8. Example THAAD Missile Configuration.............................................D-37 Exhibit G-1. Location of Categorical Exclusions in Agency or Service NEPA Implementing Regulations......................................................................G-4 Exhibit G-2. National Ambient Air Quality Standards...............................................G-6 Exhibit G-3. De Minimis Thresholds in Non-Attainment Areas.................................G-8 Exhibit H-1. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge ............................................................H-9 Exhibit H-2. Regulation of Activities Near Seabird Colonies in Arctic Regions.....H-11 Exhibit H-3. Hurricane Activity in the U.S...............................................................H-33 Exhibit H-4. Examples of Threatened and Endangered Wildlife Species in the Deciduous Forest Biome......................................................................H-41 Exhibit H-5. Examples of Threatened and Endangered Species of the Everglades..H-42 Exhibit H-6. Near Shore Waters................................................................................H-53 Exhibit H-7. Federally Listed Threatened or Endangered Species within the Chaparral Biome....................................................................................................H-59 Exhibit H-8. Volcanic Hazards (based on activity in the last 15,000 years).............H-63 Exhibit H-9. High Plains Aquifer System.................................................................H-74 iv Exhibit H-10. Critical Desert Tortoise Habitat............................................................H-80 Exhibit H-11. Special Use Airspace in the PMRF/Main Base Airspace Use Region of Influence...............................................................................................H-89 Exhibit H-12. Surface Currents of the World’s Oceans............................................H-134 Exhibit H-13. Relationship between Airspace Classifications and Atmospheric Layers... ............................................................................................................H-139 Exhibit I-1. Projected Number of BMDS and Worldwide Launches (2004-2014) by Amount of Propellant Consumed in Troposphere and Stratosphere.......I-5 Exhibit I-2. Projected Number of Flights Through Stratosphere by Launch and Propellant Type........................................................................................I-6 Exhibit I-3. Weight Fraction of Propellant Emissions for BMDS Launches.............I-8 Exhibit I-4. Weight Fraction of Propellant Emissions for Worldwide Launches.......I-8 Exhibit I-5. Further Classification of Solid-Propellant BMDS Launches during 2004- 2014 Based on Propellant Consumed in Stratosphere.............................I-9 Exhibit I-6. Estimated Emission Loads to Stratosphere from Proposed BMDS Launches from 2004-2014.....................................................................I-10 Exhibit I-7. Estimated Emission Loads to Stratosphere from U.S. Commercial Launches from 2004-2014.....................................................................I-13 Exhibit I-8. Estimated Emission Loads to Stratosphere from U.S. Government Launches from 2004-2014.....................................................................I-14 Exhibit I-9. Estimated Emission Loads to Stratosphere from Foreign Commercial Launches from 2040-2014.....................................................................I-15 Exhibit I-10. Estimated Emission Loads to Stratosphere from Foreign Government Launches from 2004-2014.....................................................................I-16 v This page intentionally left blank. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABL Airborne Laser ABM Anti-Ballistic Missile ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation AFB Air Force Base AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory AFSPC Air Force Space Command Ait atmospheric interceptor technology ALCOR Advanced Research Project Agency Lincoln C-band Observable Radar Al O Aluminum Oxide (alumina) 2 3 ANSI American National Standards Institute AMOS Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Station ARS Active Ranging System ARTCC Air Route Traffic Control Center ASIP Arrow System Improvement Program AST Office of Commercial Space Transportation AWS Arrow Weapon System BC/FC Beam Control/Fire Control BILL Beacon Illuminator Laser BMC2 Battle Management/Command and Control BMC3 Battle Management/Command, Control and Communications BMC4I Battle Management Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence BMD Ballistic Missile Defense BMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization BMDS Ballistic Missile Defense System BMEWS Ballistic Missile Early Warning System BOA Broad Ocean Area BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics C2BM Command and Control/Battle Management C2BMC Command and Control, Battle Management, and Communications CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act CEQ Council on Environmental Quality CFR Code of Federal Regulations Cl Atomic Chlorine CO Carbon Monoxide CO Carbon Dioxide 2 COIL Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser COMSATCOM Commercial Satellite Communications D&T Development and Test AC-i dB Decibel dBA A-weighted decibel DoD Department of Defense DOT Department of Transportation DSP Defense Support Program EA Environmental Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EKV Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle EM Electromagnetic EMR Electromagnetic Radiation EO Executive Order EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESG Engagement Sequence Group ESQD Explosive Safety Quantity Distance ETR Extended Test Range EWR Early Warning Radar FAA Federal Aviation Administration FBX-T Forward Based X-Band Radar Transportable FL Flight Level FM Flight Mission FR Federal Register FTS Flight Termination System FY Fiscal Year GBR-P Ground-Based Radar Prototype GEO Geosynchronous Earth Orbit GFC Ground-based Midcourse Defense Fire Control GFC/C Ground-based Midcourse Defense Fire Control/Communications GMD Ground-Based Midcourse Defense GT Integrated Ground Test H Hydrogen 2 H O Water 2 HAA High Altitude Airship HAIR High Accuracy Instrumentation Radar HALO High Altitude Observatory HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant HEL High Energy Laser HCl Hydrogen Chloride ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICBM Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile IDC Initial Defensive Capability IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health IDO Initial Defensive Operations IDT In-Flight Interceptor Communication System Data Terminal AC-ii