Nanen, Johan van Minor Tibetan texts PL 3637 M35 v.l cop. 3 BIBLIOTHEOA INDICA: OF ORIENTAL WORKS POLLECTION PUBLISHED BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. M, NEW SERIES, No. 1426. MINOR TIBETAN TEXTS. THE SONG OF THE EASTERN SNOW-MOUNTAIN. I. AMJONES SIR-WILL! I = BY cfl tNTED AT THE BAPTIST -V AND PUBLISHED BY THE [ASIATIC SOCIETY, 1, PARK STREET. 1919. LIST ASIATIC (SOCIETY No. PARK STREET, CALCUTTA, 1, AND OBTAINABLE FROM The Society's Agent MB.BERNARD QUARITCH, 11, GraftonStreet,NewBondStreet,London,W. Complete copies of those works markedwith an asterisk* cannot besupplied sonic ofthe Fasciculibeing out ofstock. BIBLIOTHECA INDICA. Sanskrit Series. Rs.As. *AAAAgdivtvnaaaivriaetPiyaudacryhaAianrnkaatana(,yTKeaFaxaktusa)sc,.toufF1baR-shi5cag.,-@V1Fe-a-d1s/41ac0./@(-T1ee--ax3/tc1)0h@/,--2e/-a140c/h-@e-a/c1h0/- each 311 1114422 Aitareya Brahmana, Vol. I, Fasc. 1-5; Vol. II, Fasc. 1-5; Vol. Ill, Fasc. 1-5, Vol. IV. Fasc. 1-8 @ -/I '/-each.. 14 6 Aitareyalocana 2 Amarakosha, Fasc. 1-2 4 **AAAAAstnpnthhuuaaomsrrBaavihhnasaaamnsssaryDiiUoakdfpamhaSiPn(atriTniaesdjxhPintrala)aydp,sasSaFrr(a(aiEsTrnncenigx.i,ltti)2Fas,-a,hs5)FcF,[email protected]/3c1201.-/@-5-61e@-@@a/1c-0h-//l/1/-1-0e0/-/aceehaacchh 23211 11824 Atmatattvaviveka, Fasc. 1-2 1 AvadFaasnca.K1a-l11pa@lata (eSaacnhs, and Tibetan), Vol. I, Fasc. 1-13, Vol. II, 24 I/- Balam Bhatti,. Vol. I, Fasc. 1-2,Vol. II, Fasc. 1 (& -, 10/- each 1 14 Bauddhastotrasangraha .. 2 TRaudhayana Srauta Sutra, Fasc. 1-3; Vol. II, Fasc. 1-5; Vol. Ill, Fasc. 1-o2-M@. F-/a1s0c/.-e5a-c8h@-,10;-each 62 48 Bhasavritt 10 BBohdaht'tiacaDrIypa,ivkaat,arVaolo.fIQ,anJjtti.,d^e.via-?,,-,Favs-ci. 11-17,[email protected]@-10/- each .. 45 6 BBrrhaahdmdaevSauttar,asFa(sEcn.gl1i-s4h),@F-a/s1c0./-1ea@ch1 - 1 Brhaddharma Purana, Fasc. 11-6 CQaattaaldougsuaenlo,fFa'sc.-1--2-@ -_/10/- >taathaArtflHH^9 1 Vol. Vol 5 14 JaturvargDDlii^ttCtthooin1-t1S8m,aPnia,rtVVVIoooIlll,...FIaIIIsVV,c,,.FFFa1aas-ssc1cc.0..;[email protected];I1@/V4V,,o'--lF/.e1a0asI/ccl-.hl,1-P6ar@t-/I1,0/F-aseca.ch **QCClrhoaaknnatdvaaarhStuiStkuratar(oafEn(AgTplexiatss)ht,ja.F'maEb'sacas.c(.T1e1-x-<3-7.)@@, F-a/1s140c/.--e2ea-ac1c7hh..@.. -/10/- each *QrpnVtoal.SuIltlr,aFoafsc(.?a1n-k4;hayVaoln.a,IVV,olF.asIc,[email protected]/11-07/;-eVaoclh. II,..Fasc. 1-4; Cri Bhashyam (Text), Fasc. 1-3 @-/10/- each CDrainCaanKtriinyaSthKaauChmanrdiita,,FFaasscc..11--24fa-./.10- each .... *Daaa Buna (Tex ii BIBLIOTHECA INDICA: A COLLECTION OF ORIENTAL WORKS PUBLISHED BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. NEW SERIES, No. 1426. MINOR TIBETAN TEXTS. THE SONG OF THE EASTERN SNOW-MOUNTAIN. I. AMJONES SIR-WILL! MDCCXLVI-MDCCXCIV BY JOHAN VAN MANEN. CALCUTTA : PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, AND PUBLISHED BY THE ASTATIC SOCIETY, 1, PARK STREET. 1919. PL v. ( 3 PREFATORY NOTE. Lewin, in his ' Manual of Tibetan,' 1879, preface, states : "Tibet and its language are still comparatively unknown. . . . the familiar tongue of the people, their folk-lore, songs and ballads are all unknown." Far from contradicting this saying, Jaschke, the greatest Tibetan scholar of his time, stated two years later, in 1881, in the preface to the third edition of his Tibetan Dictionary: " (To) the student who has for immediate object to learn how to read and write the Tibetan language. . . . existing dic- tionaries (are) almost if not quite useless." Since Jaschke's third edition, twonewTibetan dictionaries have appeared. Walsh in an article in the J.A.S.B., Vol 72, SPta.ra1t, nC.ha2,nd1r9a03,Darse,viseawyis,ngp.th7e8l:as"tAolntehooufghthetshee,prtehseenotneDibcy- tionary has fulfilled what it purposed to be, namely, acomplete Dictionary of literary Tibetan, so far as our present sources of knowledge go, it does not fulfil the requirements of a standard dictionary of the entire language, and the standard dictionary of the modern and current Tibetan language has yet to be written." Laufer, ' Roman einer Tibetischen Konigin,' 1911, p. 27 et seg., savs : " We havehere to open a road through the jungles, unaided and by ourselves we have to work through text after ; text and note down expressions and idioms as we meet them," etc. Grunwedel in ' Padmasambhava und Verwandtes,' 1912, pp. 9-10, endorsesLaufer'sremarksandadds aboutthedifficulty of translatingfromTibetan: " Ignoranceregarding the subject- matter, mistakes and misunderstandings in the text itself, and, finally, the insufficiently explored idiomatic element of the language, of which the history is as yet poorly known, these are the main shoals.... Of all the dictionaries only Jaschke's has really achieved something in the matter of idiom." As a matter of fact the printed materials available for the home student do not at present enable him, if without the help of a native teacher, to translate, accurately and without skipping the difficulties, any modern Tibetanbook(noteventhe so-called Tibetan Primers in use in Darjeeling) if such booksdo not happen to belong to those excerpted in the existing dic- tionaries. Jaschke's, which is the best from this point of view, mentions only 25 titles of texts used as his sources. Compar- ing this with the more than 1000 titles quoted by Skeat as the sources for the material for his Etymological Dictionary of the 2 MINOR TIBETAN TEXTS. Whenthe monksmeetfor sn^QTS" collectiveor communal tea drinking, the last three words are changed into ' we give our offering,' said before drinking thefirst cup and whilst sprinkling a few drops in libation with twp fingers, the thumb and fourth finger of the right hand. At the termi- nation of tea drinking nothing is said at all. Except for these changes the formula remains the same for all occasions. Another pupil of Tson k'a pa was his own nephew Dge hdun grub, about whom further particulars are given in the same passages of the two works cited above, and who may be called the first Dalai Lama, though not known by that title but by thatofftgyal ba, orconqueror. Yet it will be seen from the above formula that the three who are together called ]" ' father and sons,' that is Tson k'a pa and his two spiri- tual sonsorpupils, areall threecalled jSflJ"^* '^ne exPressi n y^q'^T^' has no doubt to be understood as a collective word like ' group,' ' family,' just like 5|"|" means ' parents.' From this Ccn'QCS'cnCJ* a small poem in praise of his teachers, the UsJ^'W^J" has come to us, which we now publish. Of $Jp$J*^]^'g:* it is said that he founded a formal cult of his teacher Tson k'a pa, and it may be that his devotional attitude found a reflection in this poem, showing the attitude taken by his own pupil towards him and his two other teachers in his turn. This poem occurs in a miscellaneous collection of religious matter (said to comprise about 150 leaves), in a work ^^j*5Tff' (' Keligious Practice'), leaves 59, 60. I have not been able to see a complete copy of this work. In this edition the text is fairly correct and clearly legible. A small edition, complete in itself, of which I possess two copies (not quite so legible), offers several different readings which nearly all seem quite as good, and somedecidedlybetter, than those ofthe largeredition. The differences shown by the two texts are, relatively to the size of the poem, so numerous and of such a nature as to preclude the idea'that mere copying canhaveled tothem. One is led tothe conclusion that one of the two texts was produced