Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia 2010 Enterprise Incubator Foundation Armenian Information Technology Sector ARMENIAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR SOFTWARE AND SERVICES 2010 STATE OF INDUSTRY REPORT © 2004 ‐ 2010 Enterprise Incubator Foundation 123 Hovsep Emin Street, Yerevan 0051, Armenia Phone: +374 10 219 797 Fax: +374 10 219 777 E‐mail: [email protected] http://www.eif‐it.com All rights reserved. This Report may be freely copied and distributed as long as the original copyright is displayed and no modifications are made to its content. Copies of the Report are available for download from http://www.eif‐it.com. All respective trademarks, brands, and names are the property of their respective owners. Enterprise Incubator Foundation does not guarantee the accuracy of the data and information included in this Report. The Report was developed as of November 2010 and, unless otherwise specified, is based on information available at that time. This publication was supported by the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, www.mineconomy.am. 1 2010 State of Industry Report CONTENTS Foreword.................................................................................................3 Sector at a Glance...................................................................................5 Competitive Advantages of Armenia.......................................................................5 2010‐2008 Main Indicators..........................................................................................6 Industry Overview.................................................................................7 History...........................................................................................................................7 Industry Background.................................................................................................11 Turnover......................................................................................................................15 Productivity................................................................................................................19 Workforce....................................................................................................................21 Other Areas.................................................................................................................25 Telecommunications............................................................................27 Educational Sector ...............................................................................28 Universities.................................................................................................................28 Students.......................................................................................................................31 Policy Developments...........................................................................32 Appendices...........................................................................................35 1. Armenia, Key Facts...........................................................................................35 2. Science and Technology in Armenia, Timeline............................................39 3. FDI Case: Synopsys Inc., United States.........................................................41 4. Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia.......................................42 5. Enterprise Incubator Foundation...................................................................43 6. UITE, Armenian IT Association......................................................................44 7. Methodology.....................................................................................................45 8. Industry Statistics..............................................................................................47 9. Costs of Operating a Software Company in Armenia.................................51 10. Armenia on the Internet...................................................................................52 11. Abbreviations....................................................................................................53 2 Enterprise Incubator Foundation Armenian Information Technology Sector FOREWORDS Information and Communication Technologies sector is one of the largest and rapidly growing segments of the Armenian economy. The industry is a leader in technological innovation, foreign investments, and workforce development. Both multinational corporations and newly created start‐ ups are successfully developing and growing their businesses in Armenia. The rich scientific research traditions and highly skilled labor force helped Armenia turn into a destination of choice for a number of global high‐tech firms. Many technology companies from Europe, Russia, and the U.S. are operating large development and R&D centers in Armenia. These facilities work on cutting edge technologies and tools employed by many corporations around the world to develop products and services or solve a variety of business problems. Since 2000, ICT industry has been recognized by the Government of Armenia as one of the primary sectors for the overall economic development of our nation. A new comprehensive ICT industry strategy adopted by the Government of Armenia in 2008 focuses on developing telecommunications and business incubation infrastructure, improving the quality and increasing the number of technical graduates, expanding support and financing mechanisms for technology start‐ups, and developing other areas important for the growth of the Armenian ICT industry. The successful implementation of this strategy is vital to the transformation of Armenian technology industry into a highly competitive player well recognized around the globe. Sincerely, Tigran Davtyan Minister of Economy of the Republic of Armenia 3 2010 State of Industry Report Enterprise Incubator Foundation is a business development and incubation agency supporting technology companies in Armenia. Our objectives are to improve competitiveness of Armenian IT companies in the global marketplace, build linkages with business communities in key technology markets, improve access of local companies to knowledge and information on best practices and experience, and assist Armenian firms with attracting local and foreign investors. An important part of our strategy is provision of research and analytical publications about Armenian IT industry. The goal of this Report is to help better understand Armenian IT sector, recognize its main needs, as well as gain insights on possible solutions to its key problems. The Report is based on our surveys of the sector conducted in 2004 through 2010. It covers key aspects of the industry including history, revenues, productivity, workforce, educational sector, policy developments, and others. Appendices section contains information about Armenia, timeline of key historical dates, an FDI success story, detailed statistics, as well as definitions, key assumptions, and estimation methods. The Report could not have been prepared without numerous interviews with managerial and professional staff of IT companies, faculty and students of educational institutions, representatives of development organizations, NGOs, training centers, and others. We are immensely grateful to all these individuals for their time and help. Sincerely, Bagrat Yengibaryan Director of Enterprise Incubator Foundation 4 Enterprise Incubator Foundation Armenian Information Technology Sector SECTOR AT A GLANCE Historically, Armenia was on the forefront of high‐tech research, development, and manufacturing. Since early 1950s, Soviet Armenia has been a main hub of USSR’s critical scientific and R&D activities in a number of technology industry segments such as mainframe and industrial computing, electronics, semiconductors, software development, and others. Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, Armenian technology sector focused primarily on the large‐scale R&D and production projects targeted at industrial and military applications. After the independence of 1991, the industry switched its focus to the software development, outsourcing, and IT services. The software and services segment really gained its momentum during the last 12 years, during which the sector grew at 27% per annum. In 2010, the share of the industry in Armenia’s GDP was 1.7%1, which is comparable to that of India (1.4%) and Germany (1.3%). In recent years, the sector has witnessed major inflow of foreign investors who have located in Armenia to capitalize on the young and highly qualified workforce. The major specializations include embedded software and semiconductor design, custom software development and outsourcing, financial applications, multimedia design, Internet applications, web development, MIS and system integration. In particular, Armenia has outstanding achievements in semiconductor design software and IP solutions. Foreign companies specialized in chip design place their R&D facilities in Armenia to benefit from the talented and creative workforce pool and highly competitive wage rates. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF ARMENIA • World‐class R&D capabilities in computer science, physics, and mathematics, • Well‐educated and talented workforce with a high degree of technical skills and English language proficiency, • Strong university programs with specializations in IT and sciences, • Highly competitive cost of labor and low operating costs, • Solid Government support of the sector and commitment to improve the investment climate, • Strong and successful Diaspora in Europe and North America, • Extensive experience with large multi‐national companies, • Sound laws and regulations for IP protection. 1 Based on 2009 GDP figure. Source: Central Bank of Armenia. 5 2010 State of Industry Report 2010‐2008 MAIN INDICATORS % from % from % change CAGR 2010 2008 Industry Industry 2010/2008 2010/2008 Operating Companies Industry total 197 100% 175 100% 13% 6.1% Local firms 125 63% 119 68% 5% 2.5% Foreign branches 72 37% 56 32% 29% 13.4% Industry Revenues, millions of U.S. dollars Industry total $148.8 100% $111.3 100% 34% 15.6% Local firms $57.8 39% $50.1 45% 15% 7.3% Foreign branches $91.1 61% $61.2 55% 49% 22.0% $0.76 100% $0.64 100% 19% 9.0% Industry average revenue per company Local firms $0.46 61% $0.42 66% 10% 4.7% Foreign branches $1.26 167% $1.09 172% 16% 7.6% Domestic market $90.7 61% $41.9 38% 116% 47.1% Exports $58.2 39% $69.4 62% ‐16% ‐8.5% Software and IT consulting $98.8 66% $96.0 86% 3% 1.5% Internet Services $50.0 34% $15.3 14% 226% 80.6% Productivity (average output per technical employee, excluding ISPs ), U.S. dollars Industry total $31,500 100% $26,100 100% 21% 9.9% Local firms $29,200 93% $22,400 86% 30% 14.2% Foreign branches $33,700 107% $29,800 114% 13% 6.3% Human Resources (persons) Industry total 4,960 100% 4,890 100% 1% 0.7% Technical professionals 4,110 83% 4,250 87% ‐3% ‐1.7% Management and administrative 850 17% 640 13% 33% 15.2% Local firms 2,120 43% 2,460 50% ‐14% ‐7.2% Foreign branches 2,830 57% 2,430 50% 16% 7.9% Students in IT related specialties 6,800 100% 6,800 100% 0% 0.0% at major Armenian universities (2008) 6 Enterprise Incubator Foundation Armenian Information Technology Sector INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Armenia is one of the leading information technology nations among the neighboring CIS and Middle East countries. This potential was formed when Soviet Armenia has become a key science, R&D, and high‐tech manufacturing location of the former USSR. At the peak of its growth in 1987, science and technology sector in Armenia employed, according to various estimates, around 100,000 specialists. The collapse of the Soviet Union, regional conflicts, and devastating earthquake in the north of the country brought enormous economic hardships to Armenia. The consequences for the high‐tech sector were significant: the majority of science and R&D institutions had to curtail or shut down operations leaving thousands of people jobless. Independence of 1991 created completely new opportunities for the industry and particularly for entrepreneurs and IT professionals. Focus of the industry shifted from major manufacturing operations to the software and services segment, which has witnessed substantial growth during the last 10 years. Today, Armenian IT industry is one of the most dynamic and promising sectors of the economy. Past successes, qualified professionals, and Armenian entrepreneurial spirit position the industry to be successful in the years to come. HISTORY There are two principal stages in the development of Armenia’s technology sector: period under the Soviet rule and post‐Soviet independent Armenia. During the first stage, Armenia was a major center for R&D and production in the areas of computer science and electronics. This potential has been created back in the 1950s when several major R&D and semiconductor manufacturing plants were established. These institutions operated for the Soviet Government and concentrated primarily on medium and large scale industrial and defense applications. Many organizations had in‐house software development departments focusing on automation of accounting and other organizational functions. During the second stage, tech sector concentrated on outsourcing and offshore software development. During this period, potential of IT industry has been recognized by a larger number of investors, policy makers, and professionals. Armenia has become a location of choice for several multinational companies to outsource R&D, operations, and software development. Armenian Government declared support of the ICT sector as a key priority for its economic development policy. SOVIET ARMENIA (1920 ‐ 1990) The roots of the industry can be traced back to the period before and during World War II when a heavy industrial expansion was underway in the USSR. This required educated technical specialists in different fields of the economy leading to the establishment of two primary educational institutions in Armenia: Yerevan 7 2010 State of Industry Report State University (YSU) in 1919 and Yerevan Polytechnic Institute (currently State Engineering University of Armenia, SEUA) in 1933. Armenian Academy of Sciences (currently National Academy of Sciences, NAS) was formed in 1935. Foundation of YSU, SEUA, and NAS was a starting point in the long history of the development of science and technology in Armenia. Era of computers and software development has begun in 1956 with the launch of Yerevan Scientific Research Institute of Mathematical Machines (YerSRIMM). The institute was specifically created by the decision of the Soviet Government to design and build electronic computers and related equipment. Already in 1959, YerSRIMM designed a first generation computer “Aragats” running on vacuum tubes; in 1961, a second generation computer “Razdan” on semiconductor elements was ready. During early 1960s, institute focused on the development of small and medium scale computers, and by the end of 1960s, it moved to the design of mainframes, automated control systems, as well as operating systems, networking and application software. YerSRIMM was the leading institution of the former USSR specialized in the development of microprogrammed computer systems “Nairi”, which received more than 40 patents and was presented at 20 international exhibitions. YerSRIMM designed and produced at its own production plant dozens of computers, some of which were compatible with PDP of Digital Equipment and IBM mainframe series. The institute was well known for the development of IBM‐360/370 compatible ES series of computer systems widely used in scientific and industrial applications throughout the Soviet Union. A significant achievement of YerSRIMM was a project to design a telecommunication system for the mission to the moon. In 1980s, YerSRIMM alone employed around 10,000 people, more than twice the size of the whole IT workforce today. A number of production companies were established oriented towards R&D and manufacturing of electronics and semiconductor devices. “Transistor” semiconductor R&D and manufacturing plant (1958) was a USSR leader in the production of transistors and amplifier diodes. In 1964‐65, “Sirius” radioelectronics plant making radio‐electronic components and “Posistor” microelectronics factory producing diodes and hybrid integrated circuits were constructed in the city of Abovyan. Institute of Microelectronics, Scientific Research, and Technology (1966) was developing microelectronic circuits, automated measurement devices, and other advanced electronic devices. Yerevan Telecommunications Research Institute (YeTRI) established in 1978 was involved in the production of integrated circuits and other products based on silicon thin film technology. In 1986, Ashtarak semiconductor and electronics manufacturing plant was constructed with total investment of $120 million. The plant focused on the production of semiconductor wafers, circuit boards, solar cells, and other electronic devices. Another major manufacturing facility, “Mars” integrated circuits and electronics plant ($300 million investment) was built in 1988 to make printed circuit boards and integrated circuits. 8 Enterprise Incubator Foundation Armenian Information Technology Sector After the liberalization of the Soviet economy in late 1980s, a number of new firms have been created to provide system integration and custom software development services. These companies focused mostly on services to the domestic market with very few of them doing business with foreign clients. Major areas of specialization at the time were accounting and financial applications targeted at the local customers, hardware assembly and sale, and some outsourcing services. The first private IT company in Armenia, “Armenian Software”, was established in 1987. As of 1990, there were around 40 large technology oriented R&D institutes and production companies in Armenia. During this period, Armenia was considered a leading center of electronics and information technologies of the Soviet Union. INDEPENDENT ARMENIA (1991 ‐ 2010) On September 21, 1991 Armenia declared independence from the Soviet Union. Break‐up of USSR and start of the era of personal computers led to the collapse of the Armenian technology sector that for many years has been concentrated primarily on large‐scale manufacturing and R&D. The fact that major client of the industry ‐ the giant Soviet military‐industry complex ‐ was no longer available exerted great pressure on the industry to shift its focus from large‐scale military applications to market and customer driven solutions and services. Thus, gradually new companies have evolved to fill emerging opportunities locally and in foreign markets. The potential created during previous years was the major force, which enabled entrepreneurs and investors to start new business ventures in the fields of high tech and IT. In 1990s, a new age in the industry development started when several U.S.‐based software businesses opened branches in Yerevan including Boomerang Software (internet applications), Credence Systems (semiconductor design‐to‐test solutions), Cylink (network security products and VPN solution), Epygi Technologies (IP PBXs), HPL Technologies (yield management software and test chip solutions), Virage Logic (advanced embedded memory IP), and others. Diaspora played a key role in the formation of Armenia’s fledgling software industry and was the primary factor behind the early establishments of many foreign companies in Armenia. Starting late 1990s, the industry received a new impulse for growth stemming from successes of the previously formed companies, overall recovery of the economy, and unprecedented growth of the worldwide IT industry. The potential of Armenia’s IT industry drew attention of a larger number of investors, policy makers, and professionals. The industry started offering higher paying jobs to the young generation encouraging them to pursue careers in the technology fields. Existing strong scientific and educational base formulated the significant success of the semiconductor design industry, which has grown into a large revenue generating segment within the IT industry and attracted a number of large foreign direct investments. In 2000, U.S. based LEDA Systems Inc., founded by a graduate of State Engineering University and specialized in design of integrated circuits and 9
Description: