DAY 16, OUTSIDE TEXT Mini-Lesson Vocabulary Routine: hysteria (L 4, 5) Hysteria is a Greek word with two parts or combining forms (similar to compound words). The first part of the word ‘hyster’ (hysteric) means emotion. (This Greek combining form literally means womb and was used originally this way because the Greeks believed that strong emo- tion was connected to the woman.) The second part ‘ia’ means a condition. Therefore, the word ‘hysteria’ means a condition of strong emotion. Video: “The Story of the Witch Hunt” http://www.stmars.com/SalemWitch_New/story.html (Bit.ly/Day16WestingGame1) In this video...you will learn about the events of the Salem witch trials. This video builds back- ground knowledge prior to reading the article, “Seeds of Paranoia: The Salem Witch Trials”. Instructional Read-Aloud Topic: “Seeds of Paranoia: The Salem Witch Trials” by Sarah Collinge In this article…you will learn about the Salem Witch Trials and how they have become an American symbol of what can go wrong when people become suspicious of and fearful of their neighbors. In this lesson…you will be modeling how readers focus on gathering important information while reading. You will teach students that sometimes readers use outside sources to help them build back- ground knowledge about a topic. You will be modeling how to use an outside text to help you think about the inspiration for a story. Prior to teaching this lesson, you will want to download the video, “The Story of the Witch Hunt”. You will also want to photocopy the article “Seeds of Paranoia: The Salem Witch Trials” for all of your students. The Westing Game Unit of Study 127 Learning Targets: Read closely to monitor comprehension (RI 1) • Predict Show understanding of important story elements (RI 3) • Plot Interpret figurative meanings and analyze how specific word choice shapes meaning (RI 4) Gather and categorize information through note taking (W 8) Convey ideas precisely using appropriate vocabulary (L 3, 6) Engage in collaborative discussion (SL 1, 2, 4, 6) Connect: We have been learning… …that good readers pay attention to the main character and the plot when reading mystery. In our last session, we paid attention to the chain of events in The Westing Game and began to make predictions. 128 The Westing Game Unit of Study Teach: Now I am going to teach you… …that good readers pay attention to the author’s craft and consider the author’s purpose. On page 21 of The Westing Game, Otis Amber gives each heir a letter. As they receive the letter, each heir must sign their name on a receipt and give their position. Otis explains that a position is “like a job.” When Turtle signs the receipt, she lists her position as ‘witch’. The author selects this position for Turtle very purposefully, with the intent of using this term to draw our attention to an American symbol. Today, we will be reading about the symbolic meaning of the Salem Witch Trials that occurred in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Before we begin reading, I would like to play a short video that summarizes the events of the Salem witch trials. Play the video: “The Story of the Witch Hunt” Now that you have some background knowledge about the Salem witch trials, we are going to read the article, “Seeds of Paranoia: The Salem Witch Trials.” As we read, watch me as I model how I think about what is important in this article. Notice how I think about how the information in the article relates to the story The Westing Game, and make predictions. Today we will be using this stem for turn and talk: When the article said _____, I was thinking this was important because _____. This makes me think _____. Begin reading “Seeds of Paranoia: The Salem Witch Trials”. The Westing Game Unit of Study 129 Model: Stop after: “Soon other girls began to act in a similar manner.” (paragraph 1) When the article said that the story of the Salem Witch Trials began when a few girls began acting very strangely, I was thinking this was important because it reminds me of the story Sandy and Otis told about the boys who went into the Westing house on Halloween. One of the poor fellas “just sits in the state asylum saying ‘purple waves, purple waves’ over and over again.” This makes me think that the events in The Westing Game will be similar to the events of the Salem witch trials. Discuss: Do you agree or disagree with my thinking? When the article said soon, other girls, began to act similarly, I was thinking this was important because it helps me understand that the girls in Salem were influenced by their peers. This makes me think that the characters in The Westing Game are going to be influenced by each other. Discuss: Do you agree or disagree with my thinking? Guided Practice: Stop after: “Over 150 men, women, and children were accused, many of whom were considered troublesome and disorderly outsiders.” (paragraph 3). What did you think was important here and what are you predicting will happen in The Westing Game? Turn and talk to your partners using this stem: When the article said _____, I was thinking this was important because _____. This makes me think _____. Guided Practice: Stop after: “Spectral evidence (testimony about dreams and visions) was recognized by the court and used as evidence.” (paragraph 4). What did you think was important here and what are you predicting will happen in The Westing Game? Turn and talk to your partners using this stem: When the article said _____, I was thinking this was important because _____. This makes me think _____. 130 The Westing Game Unit of Study Guided Practice: Stop after: “The story of the Salem Witch Trials now stands as a symbol of what can go wrong when people become suspicious of and fearful of their neighbors.” (paragraph 7) What did you think was important here and what are you predicting will happen in The Westing Game? Turn and talk to your partners using this stem: When the article said _____, I was thinking this was important because _____. This makes me think _____. Stretch It: Our understanding of the events of the Salem Witch Trials and the hysteria these events caused will help us make predictions in The Westing Game. In the video, “The Story of the Witch Hunt” we learned that Anne Putnam publically acknowledged her role in the hysteria of the Salem witch trials. She said, “It was a great delusion of Satan that deceived me at that sad time…” A delusion is a belief that is not true. What we learn from her confession is that the accusations of witchcraft were not true. In The Westing Game one of the heirs has been accused of murdering Sam Westing. Discuss: Do you think one of the heirs murdered Sam Westing? Why or why not? Link: Today and every day when you read… …I want you to consider how information in outside sources might help you understand the topic of a story better. The Westing Game Unit of Study 131 Seeds of Paranoia: The Salem Witch Trials By Sarah Collinge The infamous Salem Witch Trials began in 1692 when a few girls, who had become friendly with a slave woman named Tituba, began acting very strangely. They fell into hysterical screaming, body convulsions, and barking like dogs. Soon, other girls began to act in a similar manner. A local doctor diagnosed the girls as being bewitched and the town accused Tituba, and two other women, of witchcraft. This started a chain- reaction of confessions, denouncements, and arrests. With the seed of paranoia and hysteria planted, a stream of accusations followed for the next few months. Over 150 men, women, and children were accused, many of whom were considered troublesome or disorderly outsiders. Eventually, the trials began to overwhelm the local justice system and so a special court convened in Salem to hear the cases. Spectral evidence (testimony about dreams and visions) was recognized by the court and used as evidence. In total, nineteen people were executed during the Salem witch trials, both male and female. The court later deemed the trials unlawful. Historians now believe that the accused were victims of mob mentality, which describes how people can be influenced by their peers to adopt certain behaviors on a largely emotional, rather than rational basis. Mob mentality leads to mass hysteria, and scapegoating. Today, the town of Salem continues to tell the story of the hysteria of 1692. The Peabody Essex Museum houses the original court documents, and the Salem Witch Museum houses 13 life-size stage sets retelling the emotional events of the trials. The story of the Salem Witch Trials now stands as a symbol of what can go wrong when people become suspicious of and fearful of their neighbors. References: Blumberg, J. (2007). A brief history of the Salem Witch Trials: One town’s strange journey from paranoia to pardon. Retrieved May 11, 2018 from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-brief-history- of-the-salem-witch-trials-175162489/ Brooks, R. B. (2015). The Salem Witch Trials victims: Who were they? Retrieved May 11, 2018 from http://historyofmassachusetts.org/salem-witch-trials-victims/ History.com Staff (2011). Salem Witch Trials. Retrieved May 11, 2018 from https://www.history.com/ topics/salem-witch-trials 132 The Westing Game Unit of Study DAY 26, OUTSIDE TEXT Mini-Lesson Vocabulary Routine: redemption (L 4, 5) The prefix ‘re’ means again. The base word ‘deem’ means belief or opinion. The word ‘redeem’ means to bring a belief or an opinion back. The suffix ‘tion’ makes this word a noun. ‘Redemp- tion’ means an act in which an opinion or belief is brought back. This word has very positive connotations. It usually refers to being returned to a state of positive opinions or beliefs. Video: “Andrew Carnegie—Rags to Riches, Power to Peace” Produced by Sonita Gale, 2015 Retrieved on June 19, 2018, from https://vimeo.com/185159967 Also available on Amazon Prime https://www.amazon.com/Andrew-Carnegie-Riches-Power-Peace/ dp/B01KYBPJ6O This video tells about…Andrew Carnegie’s life. The section of the video students will view (0:00 – 18:52) focuses specifically on Carnegie’s rise from rags to riches, and his famous essay, The Gospel of Wealth. In this lesson…you be modeling how readers focus on gathering important information while read- ing. You will teach students that sometimes readers use outside sources to help them build back- ground knowledge about a topic and gain understanding of the author’s message. Learning Targets: Read closely to monitor comprehension (RI 1) • Predict Determine central ideas or themes (RI 2) Show understanding of important story elements (RI 3) • Plot Integrate content presented in diverse media formats (RI 7) Analyze how two texts address similar topics (RI 9) Convey ideas precisely using appropriate vocabulary (L 3, 6) Engage in collaborative discussion (SL 1, 2, 4, 6) The Westing Game Unit of Study 181 Connect: We have been learning… …that good readers recognize the turning point at the end of quadrant 3 and determine the author’s message. In our previous lesson, we identified the turning point of the book The Westing Game as that moment when the reader learns that Berthe Erica Crow is Sam Westing’s former wife. We also learn that she believes that Sam Westing is still alive and that her life is in danger. Teach: Today I am going to teach you… …that good readers use the turning point to think about the author’s message. We have been collecting evidence to show that things aren’t always what they seem. Until this point in the book, we believed Sam Westing to be dead. We also believed that he was murdered by one of the heirs. Now we know that we may have been deceived. It is possible that Sam Westing is alive and therefore has not been murdered at all! The fact that Sam Westing may still be alive is only the first part of the turning point. The second part of the turning point is Crow’s belief that Sam Westing is using the Westing game to seek his revenge. She believes her life is in danger. If Ellen Raskin’s message is “that things aren’t always what they seem,” then this probably is not true. Sam Westing likely staged his own death for another purpose. Today, we are going to use an outside text to help us think about what that purpose might be. We are going to be looking again at the life of Andrew Carnegie. We know that his life, just like Sam Westing’s life, exemplifies the American Dream. The similarities between the life of Andrew Carnegie and the life of Sam Westing may help us consider why Sam Westing may have chosen to stage his own death. As we watch the video, watch me as I model how I recognize similarities between the life of An- drew Carnegie and the life of Sam Westing. Notice how I use these similarities to think about the message of the book. Today we will be using this stem for turn and talk: When the video said _____, I was thinking this was important because _____. This makes me think _____. Play the video: “Andrew Carnegie—Rags to Riches, Power to Peace” 182 The Westing Game Unit of Study Model: Stop after: “I will cure such poverty when I become a man.” (4:31) When the video said Andrew Carnegie vowed to cure his poverty when he came to be a man, I was thinking this was important because this is a similarity between Andrew Carnegie and Sam Westing. This makes me think that both men represent the ambitious climb toward wealth. Guided Practice: Stop after: “I am determined to build my fortune. “ (7:16) What did you think was important here, and what are you predicting will happen in The Westing Game? Turn and talk to your partners using this stem: When the video said _____, I was thinking this was important because _____. This makes me think _____. Guided Practice: Stop after: “The more I earn, the more I can give away, and for the next twenty years, the fast changing American economy allows my wealth to grow and grow.” (10:30) What did you think was important here, and what are you predicting will happen in The Westing Game? Turn and talk to your partners using this stem: When the video said _____, I was thinking this was important because _____. This makes me think _____. (Nudge students to consider the fact that Sam Westing did not fake his own death in order to seek revenge, but to give his money away.) The Westing Game Unit of Study 183 Guided Practice: Stop after: “Nothing has ever wounded me so deeply.” (14:40) What did you think was important here, and what are you predicting will happen in The Westing Game? Turn and talk to your partners using this stem: When the video said _____, I was thinking this was important because _____. This makes me think _____. (Nudge students to consider the fact that Sam Westing did not fake his own death in order to seek revenge, but to seek redemption.) Guided Practice: Stop after: “That was his mission in life, really; to make a lot of money and then give it away.” (18:52) What did you think was important here, and what are you predicting will happen in The Westing Game? Turn and talk to your partners using this stem: When the video said _____, I was thinking this was important because _____. This makes me think _____. (Nudge students to consider the fact that Sam Westing did not fake his own death in order to seek revenge, but to give his money away.) Stretch It: Discuss: How does the turning point in the book The Westing Game communicate Ellen Raskin’s message? Link: Today and every day when you read… …I want you to consider how information in outside sources might help you understand the message of a story better. 184 The Westing Game Unit of Study