N O I T A Z I R A T I L I M global insecurities A Series Edited by Catherine Besteman and Daniel M. Goldstein ROBERTO J. GONZÁLEZ HUGH GUSTERSON GUSTAAF HOUTMAN EDITORS N O I T A Z I RA R E A D E R A in collaboration with T Catherine Besteman Andrew Bickford ICatherine Lutz Katherine T. McCaffrey L Austin Miller David H. Price David Vine I M Duke University Press Durham and London 2019 © 2019 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Courtney Leigh Baker Typeset in Din and Garamond Premier Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: González, Roberto J. (Roberto Jesũs), [date] editor. | Gusterson, Hugh, editor. | Houtman, Gustaaf, editor. Title: Militarization : a reader / Roberto J. González, Hugh Gusterson, and Gustaaf Houtman, editors ; in collaboration with Catherine Besteman, Andrew Bickford, Catherine Lutz, Katherine T. McCaffrey, Austin Miller, David H. Price, David Vine. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2019. | Series: Global insecurities | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2019008552 (print) lccn 2019016268 (ebook) isbn 9781478007135 (ebook) isbn 9781478005469 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9781478006237 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Militarization. | Militarism. | War. Classification: lcc u21.2 (ebook) | lcc u21.2 .m558 2019 (print) | ddc 355.02/13—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019008552 Cover art: Toy Soldier. Courtesy Pablo Eder/Shutterstock.com. CONTENTS Editors’ Note xiii Acknowle dgments xv Introduction 1 roberto j. gonzález and hugh gusterson SECTION I. MILITARIZATION AND PO LITI CAL ECONOMY Introduction 2 7 catherine lutz 1.1. The U.S. Imperial Triangle and Military Spending 2 9 john bellamy foster, hannah holleman, and robert w. mcchesney 1.2. Farewell Address to the Nation, January 17, 1961 3 6 dwight d. eisenhower 1.3. The Militarization of Sports and the Redefinition of Patriotism 3 8 william astore 1.4. Vio lence, Just in Time: War and Work in Con temporary West Africa 4 2 daniel hoffman 1.5. Women, Economy, War 5 1 carolyn nordstrom SECTION II. MILITARY LABOR Introduction 5 7 andrew bickford 2.1. Soldiering as Work: The All- Volunteer Force in the United States 5 9 beth bailey 2.2. Sexing the Globe 6 2 sealing cheng 2.3. Military Monks 6 7 michael jerryson 2.4. Child Soldiers after War 7 1 brandon kohrt and robert koenig 2.5. Asian Labor in the War time Japa nese Empire 7 3 paul h. kratoska 2.6. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry 7 6 p. w. singer SECTION III. GENDER AND MILITARISM Introduction 8 3 katherine t. mccaffrey 3.1. Gender in Transition: Common Sense, Women, and War 8 5 kimberly theidon 3.2. The Compassionate Warrior: War time Sacrifice 9 1 jean bethke elshtain 3.3. Creating Citizens, Making Men: The Military and Masculinity in Bolivia 95 lesley gill 3.4. One of the Guys: Military Women and the Argentine Army 1 01 máximo badaró vi Contents SECTION IV. THE EMOTIONAL LIFE OF MILITARISM Introduction 1 09 catherine lutz 4.1. Militarization and the Madness of Everyday Life 1 11 nancy scheper- hughes 4.2. Fear as a Way of Life 1 18 linda green 4.3. Evil, the Self, and Survival 1 27 robert jay lifton (interviewed by harry kreisler) 4.4. Target Audience: The Emotional Impact of U.S. Government Films on Nuclear Testing 1 30 joseph masco SECTION V. RHE TORICS OF MILITARISM Introduction 1 41 andrew bickford 5.1. The Militarization of Cherry Blossoms 1 43 emiko ohnuki- tierney 5.2. The “Old West” in the Middle East: U.S. Military Meta phors in Real and Imagined Indian Country 1 48 stephen w. silliman 5.3. Ideology, Culture, and the Cold War 1 54 naoko shibusawa 5.4. The Military Normal: Feeling at Home with Counterinsurgency in the United States 157 catherine lutz 5.5. Nuclear Orientalism 1 63 hugh gusterson Contents vii SECTION VI. MILITARIZATION, PLACE, AND TERRITORY Introduction 1 67 roberto j. gonzález 6.1. Making War at Home 1 69 catherine lutz 6.2. Spillover: The U.S. Military’s Sociospatial Impact 1 75 mark l. gillem 6.3. Nuclear Landscapes: The Marshall Islands and Its Radioactive Legacy 1 81 barbara rose johnston 6.4. The War on Terror, Dismantling, and the Construction of Place: An Ethnographic Perspective from Palestine 186 julie peteet 6.5. The Border Wall Is a Meta phor 1 92 jason de león (interviewed by micheline aharonian marcom) SECTION VII. MILITARIZED HUMANITARIANISM Introduction 1 97 catherine besteman 7.1. Laboratory of Intervention: The Humanitarian Governance of the Postcommunist Balkan Territories 1 99 mariella pandolfi 7.2. Armed for Humanity 2 03 michael barnett 7.3. The Passions of Protection: Sovereign Authority and Humanitarian War 2 08 anne orford 7.4. Responsibility to Protect or Right to Punish? 2 12 mahmood mamdani 7.5. Utopias of Power: From Human Security to the Responsibility to Protect 2 18 chowra makaremi viii Contents SECTION VIII. MILITARISM AND THE MEDIA Introduction 2 23 hugh gusterson 8.1. Pentagon Pundits 2 24 david barstow (interviewed by amy goodman) 8.2. Operation Hollywood 2 30 david L. robb (interviewed by jeff fleischer) 8.3. Discipline and Publish 2 34 mark pedelty 8.4. The Enola Gay on Display 239 john whittier treat 8.5. War Porn: Hollywood and War, from World War II to American Sniper 243 peter van buren SECTION IX. MILITARIZING KNOWLEDGE Introduction 2 49 david h. price 9.1. Boundary Displacement: The State, the Foundations, and International and Area Studies during and after the Cold War 2 51 bruce cumings 9.2. The Career of Cold War Psy chol ogy 2 54 ellen herman 9.3. Scientific Colonialism 259 johan galtung 9.4. Research in Foreign Areas 2 65 ralph l. beals 9.5. Rethinking the Promise of Critical Education 2 70 henry A. giroux (interviewed by chronis polychroniou) Contents ix