Migration, Mobility and Modernization Liverpool Studies in European Population General Editor DAVID SIDDLE 1. Urban Population Development in Western Europe from the Late-Eighteenth to the Early-Twentieth Century edited by RICHARD LAWTON AND ROBERT LEE 2. The Population Dynamics and Development of Western European Port-Cities, c. 1710–1939edited by RICHARD LAWTON AND ROBERT LEE 3. Improving the Public Health: Essays in Medical Historyedited by G. KEARNS et al. 4. The European Peasant Family and Society: Historical Studies edited by RICHARD L. RUDOLPH 5. Urban Mortality Change in England and Germany, 1870–1913 by JÖRG VÖGELE 6. The Demography of Early Modern Townsby CHRIS GALLEY 7. Migration, Mobility and Modernizationedited by DAVID J.SIDDLE Migration, Mobility and Modernization edited by DAVID J. SIDDLE LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY PRESS First published 2000 by LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY PRESS 4 Cambridge Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZU Copyright ©Liverpool University Press 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A British Library CIP record is available ISBN 0–85323–883–9 cased 0–85323–963–0 paper The right of Jörg Vögele to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. Set in Times New Roman by Northern Phototypesetting Co. Ltd, Bolton Printed and bound in the European Union by Alden Press, Oxford CONTENTS List of Figures vii List of Tables ix 1 Introduction DAVIDSIDDLE, Liverpool University 1 2 Nephews, Dowries, Sons and Mothers: the Geography of Farm and Marital Transactions in Eastern Ireland, c. 1820–c.1970 WILLIAMJ. SMYTH, University College, Cork 9 3 Mobility, Kinship and Commerce in the Alps, 1500–1800 LAURENCEFONTAINE, CNRS, Parisand DAVIDSIDDLE 47 4 People from the Pits:the Origins of Colliers in Eighteenth-Century South-West Lancashire JOHNLANGTON, St John’s College, Oxford 70 5 Motives to Move:Reconstructing Individual Migration Histories in early Eighteenth-Century Liverpool DIANAE. ASCOTTand FIONALEWIS, Liverpool University 90 6 Urban Population and Female Labour: the Fortunes of Women Workers in Rheims before the Industrial Revolution ANTOINETTEFAUVE-CHAMOUX, Ecole des Hauts Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris 119 7 Mobility Among Women in Nineteenth-Century Dublin JACINTAPRUNTY, National University of Ireland, Maynooth 131 8 Tramping Artisans in Nineteenth-Century Vienna JOSEFEHMER, Universität Salzburg 164 9 Migration and Urbanization in North-West England: a Reassessment of the Role of Towns in the Migration Process COLING. POOLEYand JEANTURNBULL, Lancaster University 186 Index 215 FIGURES 1 (a) Destination of migrants from the parish of Clogheen-Burncourt withinIreland, 1900–68; (b) Clogheen-Burncourt's global migration field, 1900–68 12 2 Distribution of farm-holdings, c.1841 14 3 Distribution of farm-holdings, 1851 17 4 Distribution of farm-holdings, c.1970 18 5 Number of changes in the namesof families occupying each holding since 1857 20 6 Recipients of land transfers (a) 1851–1900 and (b) 1901–74 22 7 Movement of brides (a) marrying intofarms withinthe parish, and (b) marrying into farms outsidethe parish of Clogheen-Burncourt 33 8 Movement of male farm occupiers into non-paternal farms 1900–68 34 9 (a) Movement of brides into and within the parish of Clogheen- Burncourt, c.1910–40; (b)Comparisons of activity fields of males and females, c.1940–70 and ‘bridesheds’, 1865–75/c. 1910–40 42 10 Wheat prices for Annecy and Faverges, Savoy, 1740–1800 50 11 Marriages and dowries in Faverges, Savoy, 1700–92 53 12 Marriages and dowries in Faverges, Savoy, 1700–92 54 13 Dowry distributions, Faverges, 1700–87 55 14 The south-west Lancashire coalfield, showing sub-regions and Prescot and Wigan parishes and their constituent townships 71 15 Numbers of colliers’ children registered in coalfield sub-regions, 1720–99 72 16 Colliers’ mobility in eighteenth-century south-west Lancashire 85 17 Sources 93 18 Jugler Street 96–97 19 William Holme 98 20 Anne Tarleton 100 viii LIST OF FIGURES 21 John Clieveland 103 22 Matthew Nicholson – multiple record linkage 106 23 Matthew Nicholson – genealogy from family history 107 24 Birthplaces of persons enumerated in the city and county of Dublin, 1881 134 25a Individual migration patterns of women whose children were admitted –d to St Brigid’s Orphanage, Dublin, 1868–75 140–3 26 Migration patterns of women whose children were admitted to St Brigid’s Orphanage, Dublin, 1868–75 144 27 Routes travelled by Christoph Lang and Franz Seeling 177 28 Suggested links between population migration and structural, spatial and individual processes of change in past economy and society 188 29 All moves with an origin in Lancashire or Cheshire and a destination elsewhere in Britain: (a) all migrants born 1750–1830; (b) all migrants born 1831–90; (c) all migrants born 1891–1930 194 30 All moves with a destination in Lancashire or Cheshire and an origin elsewhere in Britain: (a) all migrants born 1750–1830; (b) all migrants born 1831–90; (c) all migrants born 1891–1930 195 31 All moves from Liverpool and Manchester to destinations elsewhere in Lancashire or Cheshire 199 32 The migration paths of (a) Charles W. (1808–72) and (b) John A. (1814–85) 204 33 The migration paths of (a) Thomas B. (1844–90) and (b) Mary W. (1875–1962) 206 34 The migration paths of (a) Olivia S. (1884–1940 and (b) Ada B. (1896–1976) 208 35 The migration path of Joseph Shaw (1748–1823) 210 TABLES 1 Number and size of farms, parish of Clogheen-Burncourt, 1835–1974 16 2 Patterns of succession on existing farm-holdings, 1967 23 3 Structure of farm households, 1901 and 1974 27 4 Estimated annual outputs of the sub-regions of the south-west Lancashire coalfield, 1720–99 70 5 Estimated manpower requirements of south-west Lancashire collieries, 1720–99 73 6 Emigration from the county and city of Dublin, 1 May 1851–21 March 1871 133 7 Season rhythm of migration of journeyman tailors 168 8 Percentage of immigrants among Viennese journeymen in particular suburbs and crafts, 1827–80 169 9 Percentage of married journeymen, Vienna/Schottenfeld, 1857 171 10 Household position of journeymen, Vienna/Schottenfeld, 1857 171 11 Geographic origins of Viennese journeymen 172 12 Geographic origins of Viennese master tailors, 1825–59 173 13 Duration of the first job taken in Vienna:journeyman tailors who arrived in Vienna from 10 to 17 October 1836 175 14 Job histories of Viennese journeyman bakers, 1830–63 176 15 Comparison of sample populations with census populations by gender, marital status and age, 1851 and 1891 190 16 Comparison of sample populations with census population by region of birth, 1851 and 1891 191 17 Distribution of origins and destinations by settlement size and birth cohort 192 18 Settlements accounting for 5 per cent or more of all destinations by birth cohort 193 19 Intra-settlement moves by birth cohort and settlement size 193 20 Mean distance moved by type of move and cohort 196 21 Moves between settlements of different size by birth cohort 197 22 Sequential within-region moves by settlement size and birth cohort of migrant 200 23 Reason for migration by birth cohort, gender and type of move 202