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Microelectronic Circuits PDF

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THE OXFORD SERIES INE LECTRICALA ND COMPUTER ENGINEERING AdeSl.S edrSaer,i Eedsi tor CMOSA naClicorugDi ets 2ingEdnd ,i tion Alleann dH olberg, ElemeLnitnCaeicryaru rAi nta lysis, 2nd Edition Bobrow, FundamoefE nlctetarElinsicg naele 2rnidn gE,d ition Bobrow, AnIt nrodutcMoti iexodn- SIiCTgse natan Mlde asurement Burnsa ndR oberts, ThSec iaennEdcn eg ineMeircironegl Feoabcfrt irco2anntEididc oi nt,i on Campbell, DigSiitgaPnlroa cle ssing Chen, LinSeyasrTt eheomar nyDd e s3irgEdndt ,ii on Chen, SigannaSdly ss t3derEm dsi,t ion Chen, DigLiotgaainlScd t Maatceh iDnees3 idrgE nd,i tion Comer, MicprorocessoSyrs-Dtbeeasmsi egdn Comer, ProbabMieltihosofStd iisgca n nSadyl s Atneaml 3ydrEs diist,i on Coopearn dM cGillem, LinCeicarurAi nta lyEsditisi,o n2 nd DeCarlaon dL in, UndersSteamnidcioDnnegdv uiccteosr Dimitrijev, PrinocfEi lpelcietcsAros nn:a lDoigg ital Fortney, ElecCtirrFicucun idtasm e& ntals Franco, ElecDtervoainnciCdecic s ru iDtiss:c rIentrteae tgaendd Ghausi, EleMcatcrhiicann eTdryar nfrosmres3,rE dd ition Gurua ndH iziroglu, Signali nA nLaSislyntyeesaimrss Houts, ItnrodutcOotp tiioFcnbia eClro mumnicSaytsitoenm s Jones, ElemoefPn woteEsrl ectronics Krein, DigCiotnaStlyro slt 3erEmdds i,t ion Kuo, LinSeyasrta enSmdis g naEldtsii,o n2 nd Lathi, ModeDrni gaintAdan laC loomgm uniScyastt3iderEo mdnsis,t ion Lathi, SigPnroacle sasnLidin ngSe yasrt ems Lathi, DigIintratateleCg dic ruDiets ign Martin, LinaenEsdl ecterotFmieiaclgf dnroEs n igneers Miner, CopmutAerirt hmetic Parhami, SPI2CnEE,dd ition Roberatnsd S edra, AnIt nrodutcot Pitohhnyeo s fSi ecmsi coDnedvuiccteosr Roulston, ElemoefEn ltesc trom3adrEg dntieitoinc s, Sadiku, DigCiotnaStlyro slDt eesm2i ngEdnd ,i tion Santina, StuabnbdHe orsutde,t ter, ItnroudcttiEool ne cEtnriginceaelr ing Sarma, DesoiAfg nna Fliolgt ers Schaumaannnd V anV alkenburg, ElecEtnriginceaeAlrnI it nnrogd:u c2tnido nE,d ition Schwarazn dO ldham, MicroelCeicrtc5routnEihidt cis t,i on Sedraan dS mith, DesoifFg eend bCaocnkt rol 4StEyhds itteimosn, StefaSnaiv,a nSth,a hiaann,dH ostetter, OperatainoMdno deolfti hMneOg ST ar nsi2snEtddo irt,i on Tsividis, FAlintDaeelrso igg n VanV alkenburg, SemicroD nedvuEiclcteeoc tronics Warnearn dG rung, AutoCmoantStiyrocsl t ems Wolovich, OptiEclaelc tironn iMcCosod memrnu ni5ctEahdtt iiioonn s, Yar,i v SystaenCmdos n trol Zak, FIFTEHD ITION MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AdeSl.S edra UniversoifWt ayt erloo KenneCt.Sh m ith UniversoifTt oyr onto New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITYP RESS 2004 OxfoUrndi vePrerssist y OxforNde wY ork AucklaBnadn gkBouke nAoisr eCsa pTeo wnC hennai Daer sS alaaDme lhHio nKgo ngI stanKbaurla cKhoil kata KuaLluam pur MaMderlibdo uMrneex iCciot Myu mbaNia irobi SaPoa ulSoh angThaaiip Teoik yToo ronto 19189218,997 11,,9 29 080,4 Copyright byO xford UPnerisvIsen,rcs .i ty © PublibsyhO exdf oUrndi verPsrietIsyns c,. 19M8a disAovenn uNee,wY orNke,w Y or1k0 016 www.po.ucom Oxfoirsadr egisttreardeedom faO rxkf oUrndi verPsrietsys All rriegshetrNsvo ep da.ro tft hpiusb licmaatybi ero enp roduced, storienrd e atr iesvyaslto ertm r,a nsmiinat ntfyeo dr,om rb ya nmye ans, electrmoencihca,np ihcoatlo,c orpeycionrgod,rio ntgh,es rew,i withtohupetr ipoerr misosfOi xofnoU rndi verPsrietsys . ISB0N- 91-452152-7 Thec hip sihsaon iw nns viideeow fa m ass-prosduuarccfeed- micromgaycrhoisnsceyodps e­ tCeomvieI,nrll t uesgtorrnaaat 3 tiemodmnb :y 3mdmia en,u ds insgt aan d3a-rm2d - VB iCMOpSr ocseusisft oedr htahreas uht o­ motievnev ironTmheinfistr .s sti ngleg-ycrhoispc soepniscio nrw ,h icmhi cro-mecahnadne ilceaclt ronic componareeni tnst imeanttewliyon nte hdse a mceh ippr,o viudnepsr ecepdeernftoerdm tahnrcoetu hguehs oef a colleocftp iroenc isiont-edcihreneisciq,tnu ecdl uedmipnhga osnid si ffereonpteiraal(t bioomtneh c haniacnadl ly electrobnoilcsatlbelytry re)id m matbh1ien -rfielsmi sctoimvpeo neTnhtiss. tinlyo,w -rpoobawunesgrtu,,1 ar-rate­ to-votlrtaangsed huacveiarns ,ge nisviiottf1y . 25mVfaOn/rdse solouft0 i.o0n1 (5o°5r/0 s0 /hhoausrm )ya r ioafd appliiocnast-incaluutdoimnosgtk iicvdoe n tarnordlo lldoevteteric odne,ar de ckofnoiGrnP gSb ackaunprd o bot moticoonn traonld, camera-fieldT hsecto ambpilgleyitzreao tsipcoaoncp.ke a wgeei,g hing w1i1t3ah v oglr­am umeo f1 1c6u bciecn timueste3es0r m,W f roam5 -Vs uppSloyu.rc Je:o hAn.G een, SJt.Se hveernm Jaonh,n ChanSgt,e pRhe.Lne wiSsi;n gles-ucrhfimapic cer omacihnitneegdGr yartoesdc woipt5eh0 0A/lhl daenv ioF.an t,i �EEJ ournaolf S olid-CSitriacttuvseo, l3 .7p ,p 1.6 80-186D6e,c emb2e0r0 (2O.r igipnraelsleyan ttI eSdS CC 2002P.h)o togrbaypJ hoehCdnh anpgr,o vibdyJe odh Gne enb,ot ohfA nalDoegv icMeisc,r omacPhriondeu cts DivisCiaomnb,rg ieMd,A ,U SA. Prinntuimnbge 9r :8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Prinitnte hdUe n ited oSfAt maetreisc a ona cid-pfraepee r PREFACE xxiii PARTI DEVICAENSD BASICC IRCUITS 2 IntrotdoEu lcetcitorno nics 1 5 OperaAtmipoelnriasfl i :2 63 Didoes 3 139 MOSF ieElffdeT-crntas is(tMoOrESsTF) s 4 235 BioplJaurn cTtrniasoins( tBosJr)T s 5 377 ANALOGA ND DIGITAILNT EGRATED PARTI IC IRCUIT5S4 2 Signlet-aSgItene gr-aiCtriecAtdum plrisf ie 6 545 DifferteiananlMd u slttaiAgmep lrisf ie 1 687 8 Feedback 791 9 Operiaot-nAamlplainDfdai tCeaor-n veCritrecru its 871 10D igCiMtOalSlo gCiicr cuits 949 PARTI IIS ELECTETDO PICS 1010 MemoarnyAd d vanDciegdi tal Circuits 11 1013 Flietrasn Tdu nAemdp elrisf i 12 1083 SigGneanle ratWoarvoser fma-nSdh Caipricnugi ts 13 1615 OutSptuatga enPsdo wAemrp lrisf ie 14 1229 APPENDIXES VLSFIa brication Technology A A-1 Two-PNoerttw oPrakr ameters B 8-1 SomeU sefNuelt woTrheko rems C C-1 Single-Time-CCiorncsutitasn t D D-1 s-DomaAinna lyPsoilse:Zs e,r oasn,dB odeP lots E £-1 Bibliography F F-1 StandRaersdi stVaanlcueae nsdU niPtr efixes G G-1 AnswetrosS elecPtreodb lems H H-1 INDEX IN-1 v PREFACE xxiii PARTI DEVICEASN D BASICC IRCUITS 2 1 IntrodutcoEt lieocnt ronics 5 Introduction 5 1.1S ignals 6 1.2F requenScpye ctroufmS ignal7s l3. Analoagn dD igitSailg nals 10 14. Amplifiers 14..11 3 SigAnmapll aitfiioc1n3 14..2 AmpliCfiirecSruy imtb o1l4 14..3 VoltGaagien1 4 14..4 Power GCauirnr Geaannitdn1 5 14..5 essEGixanpiigrnnD ecib1e5l s 14..6 ThAem pliPfoiweSerur p pl1i6e s 14..7 AmpliSfaiteurr a1t8i on 14..8 NonliTnreaanrCs hfaerra cctsae nrBdii satsii1n9g 14..9 SymbCooln ven2t2i on 15. CircuMiotd elfso Arm plifiers 151.. 23 VoltAamgpel if2i3e rs 15..2 CascaAdmepdli f2i5e rs 15..3 OthAemrp liTfyipeer2s 7 15..4 RelatiBoentswhteihepens AFmopulriM foideerl2 s 7 1F.req6uenRce ys ponosfeA mplifiers 16..1 31 MeasutrhiAenm gp liFfrieeqruR eenscpyo n3s1 e 16..2 AmpliBfainedrw i3d2t h 16..3 EvalutahtFeir negq uReenscpyoo nfAs mep lif3i3e rs 16..4 Single-TimNee-tCwoonr3sk3ts a nt 16..5 ClafscisaitiAomnp loifBf aiseoernFds r equReenscpyo n38s e 1.7D igitLaolg iIcn verters 17..1 40 Funcotfti ohInen ver4t0e r 17..2 The VoTlrtaangCsehf aerra ct(eVrTiC4s)1t ic 17..3 NoiMsaer gi4n2s 1. 7.4 The IVdTeCa 4l3 17..5 InveIrmtpelre men4t3a tion 17..6 PowDeirs sip4a5t ion 17..7 PropagDaetlia4oy6n 1.8C ircuSiitm ulation SUPsIiCnEg 49 Summary 50 Problems 51 vi DETAILTEADB LOEF C ONTESN T vii OperatiAomnpalli fiers 2 63 Introduction 63 2.1 TheI deaOlp A mp 2l..1 64 ThOep -ATmepr min6a4l s 22. 1. FuncatniCdoh na rascttioecftrs hiI ed eal OpAmp 65 21..3 DiefrfenatniCdao lmm on-MSoidgen a6l7 s 2.2 TheI nvertCionngf iguration 2.2.1 68 ThCel osedG-aLion6o 9p 2.2.2 Efcfte FoifnO ipteen -GLaoionp 2.I2np.aun3tOd u tpRuets ist7a2n71 c es 2.2.4 AnI mporAtpapnaltti iconW-eTiheg hStuemdm e7r5 2.T3he N oninverCtoinnfgi gurat7i7on 2..13 ThCel osedG-aLion7o 7p 2.3.2 Charascttioecftrs hiN eo ninverting Configur78a tion 2.3.3 EffoefFc itn Oipteen -GLaoionp7 8 2.4 3. ThVeo ltFaoglel o7w9e r 2.4 DiffereAnmcpel ifiers 2.14 . 81 A SinOgpl-eA Dmipef rfeAnmcpel if8i2e r 2.4.2 A SupeCriirocru iItn-sTthreu mAemnptlaitfi8io5e nr 2.5 EffeocftF iniOtpee n-LoGoapi na ndB andwidotnh CircuPietr formance 25..1 89 FrequDeenpceyn detnhOcepe e no-fGLaoionp8 9 2.5.2 Frequencyo fCR leosspeodn-sLeo op 9A1m plifiers 2.6 Large-SiOgpnearla toifoO np A mps 2.6.1 94 OutpVuotl tSaagteu ration 2.6.2 94 OutpCuutr rLeinmti 9t4s 2.6.3 SleRwa te9 5 2.6.4 Full-Power 9B7a ndwidth 2.7 DC Imperfections 27..1 98 OffVsoeltt a9g8e 2.7.2 InpBuitaa snOd f efts Cur1r0e2n ts 2.8 IntegraatnodDr isf ferentiators 2..18 105 ThIen verCtoinnfgi guwriatGthei noeInrm aple dan1c05e s 2.8.2 ThIen verting 1I0n7t egrator 2.8.3 ThOep -ADmipef rfenti1a1t2 or 2.9 TheS PICEO p-AmpM odealn dS imulatEixoanm ples 29..1 114 LinMeaacrromo1d1e5l 2.9.2 NonliMnaecarro mo1d1e9l Summary 122 Problems 123 3 Diodes 139 Introduction 139 3.1 TheI deaDli ode 3.1.11 40 Curreonltt-CaVhgaer act1e4r0i stic 32. 1. AS impAlpep licTahtReie ocnt:i 1f4i1e r 3.1.3 AnotAhpeprcl ait:iD oinoLdoeg Giact e1s4 4 viii DEATILTEADB LOEF C ONTNETS 32. TerminCahla racteroifsJ tuinccst iDoino des 3.12 . 147 ThFeo rwda-rBRieagsi o1n48 3.2.2 ThRee vee-rBsRieagsi o1n52 32..3 The BreRakedgoiwo1nn5 2 3.3 ModelitnhgeD iodFeo rwarCdh aracteristic 3.13 . 153 The ExpoMnoednet1l5i 3a l 33..2 GraphAincaallUy ssiitnshgE e x poneMnotdiea1ll5 4 3.3.3 IterAantailvUyess iinsgE xtphoen eMnotdiea1ll5 4 3.3.4 ThNee efdo r RAanpaildy 1s5i5s 3.3.5 ThPei ecewisMeo-dLei1ln5 e5 ar 3.3.6 ThCeo nstant-VMooldtea1lg5 e7- Drop 37. 3. The Ideal-D1i5o8d e Model 3.3:8 ThSem all-MSoidgen1la5 l9 39. 3. Uset hoDefi oFdoer wDarrodp in VoltRaeggeu la1t6i3o n 3.3.10 Summar1y65 34. Operatiinot nh eR everBsree akdoRweng ion- ZeneDri odes 3.4.116 7 SpeciafnyMdio ndge ltihZneeg n Deiro d1e6 7 3.4.2 Usoeft hZee naesarS huRnetg ula1t6o8r 3.4.3 TemperEaftfuerc1et7 s0 3.4.4 AF inRaelm ar1k7 1 35. Rectifier Circuits 35..1 171 ThHea lf-RWeacvtei 1f7i2e r 3.5.2 ThFeu ll-RWeacvtei 1f7i4e r 35..3 ThBer idRgeec ti1f7i6e r 3.5.4 ThRee ctwiiftiaFhe i rl Ctaepra citor­ ThPee aRke cti1f7i7e r 3.5.5 PreciHsailof-nRW eacvtei fier­ ThSeu per D1i8o3d e 3.6 LimitianngdC lampiCnigr cuits 3.16 . 184 LimiCtierrc u1i8t4s 3.6.2 ThCel amCpaepda coirDt CoR re sto1r8e7r 3.6.3 ThVeo ltage D18o9u bler 37. PhysicOaple ratoifoD ni odes 3.7.1 190 BasSiecm iconCdounccteop1r9t 0s 3.7.2 The JuncUtnidoOenpr e n-CCiorncduiitt1i 9o6n s 3.T7hpe.n J 3un ctioRne vUeen-rdBseCiroa nsd it1i9o9n s 3.T7hpe.n J 4u ncitnti hoBenr eakRdeowgni o2n03 3.T7hp.en J 5u ncUtnidoFenor r wda-rBias Copnnd it2i0o4n s 3.7.6 Summar2y0 8 3.8 SpeciDailo de Types 3.8.1 209 ThSec hotatrkryDi-ieBor(d SeB D2)1 0 3.8.2 Varact2o1r0 s 3.8.3 Photodi2o1d0 es 3.8.4 Light-EDmiiotd(teLisEn Dgs2 )1 1 3.9 TheS PICED iodMeo dealn dS imulation Examples 3.9.1 212 Th2e1 2D iode Model 3.9.2 The Zener Di2o1d3 e Model Summary 217 Problems 218 -------------------------------- .... .. .. -- DETAIELDT ABLOEF C ONTNETS ix 4 MOSF ield-Effect T(rMaOnSsFiEsTtso)r s 235 Intdruoction 235 4.D1e viScter ucatnPudhr yes Oipcearla tion 4.1. 236 1 DeviScter uct23u6r e 41..2 OperawtiitNohonG atVeo lta2g3e8 4.3 1. CreaatC ihnagn fnoeCrlu rrFelnotw2 38 41.4. ApplyaSi mnagl l 239 41.5.O peraatsi oIVnIsD n S crea2s41e d 41.6.D erivoalifttD hiSe o n Relatio2n4s3h ip 47.T 1hpe.- ChaMniOnDSe-FVlDE ST2 47 41..8 ComplemMeOnSto arCr MyO S 247 41.9. OperatingT rtashniesi tntMo hOrSeS u bthreRsehgoilo2dn4 8 4.C2u ernrt-VoClhtaargasecct tsie ri 4.12 . 248 CircSuyimtb o2l4 8 4.2.2 The Charascttiec2r4si9 4.F2ii.nDi3-tV eDSR eOsuitspitunSat an tcuer a2t5i3o n 4.2.4 Charraicstotefti hcpes- ChaMnOnSeFlE T2 56 4.2.5 ThReo loeft hSeu sbtrateB-odTyEh feef ct2 58 4.2.6 TemperEaftcfuters2e 5 9 4.2.7 BreakdanoIdwn np Purto tec2t5i9o n 4.2.8 Summar2y6 0 4.M3O SEFTC ircuaitt s 262 4.T4h MeO SFEaTs ADmC pliafniadesa r Switch 4.14 . an 270 Laer-gSiOgpnearla tioTnr-aTnChshefa erra ct2e7r1i stic 4.4.2 GraphDiecrailvo aftt hiTeor nae nrCs hfarasctti2ec7r 3i 4.4.3 OperaatsaiS owni tc27h4 4.4.4 OperaatsaiL oinn Aemaprl if2i7e4r 4.4.5 AnalyEtxipcsraselif oonrsT trhaenCs hfaerra ct2e7r5i stic 4.4.6 AF inRaelm aornBk i asi2n8g0 4.B5i asiinMn OgSA mpliCfiirecru its 4.15 . 280 BiasbiyFn igx ing2 80 4.B5i.as2biyF n igx ViGnaSgn Cdo nnecaRt eisnigs tance int hSeo urc28VeG1 4.5.3 BiasUisniagnD gr ain-Fteoe-dGbaRatecesk i s2t8o4r 4.5.4 BiasUisniganC go nsCtuarnrtSe-onutr c28e5 4.5.5 Final AR 2e8m7a rk 4.S6m all-OSpiegrnaaatnliMd oo nd els 4.6.1 287 The BiPaosi n2t8 7 4.T6hDS.eCi 2gCn uarlr ientn hte DTrearimni n28a8l 4.6.3 ThVeo ltGaagien2 89 4.6.4 SerpaattihnDegC A nalaynstdih sSe i gAnnaall y2s9i0s 4.6.5 Small-ESqiuginvaall eMnotd-eCli2rs9c 0 uit 4.6.6 ThTer anscondu2c9t2a nce 4.T6hT.eE 7qu ivalgemn t-C2i9r5c uit Model 4.6.8 ModeltihBneog d Eyfe fct2 96 46..9 Summar2y9 7 4.S7i ngleM-OSSAt mapglei fiers 47..1 299 ThBea sSitcr uct29u9r e 4.7.2 CharazcitAnemgrp ilif3i0e1r s 4.7.3 ThCeo mmon-S(oCuSAr)mc pel if3i0e6r 4.7.4 The CommonA-mSploiuwfriictaeeSh r o urRcees ist3a0n9c e DEATILTEADB LOEF C ONTNETS 4.7.5 ThCeo mmon-G(aCtGAe)m plif3i1e1r 4.7.6 ThCeo mmon-oDrSr oauirnc e-FAompllliofiw3ee1r5r 4.7.7 SummaarnyCd o mpsaorni3s1 8 4.T8h e MOSIFnEtTeCrn aapla ciatnaHdni cgehs- FrMeoqdueeln cy 4.18 . 320 ThGea tCea pacEifetfcitv3 e2 1 4.8.2 ThJeu ncCtaipoanc it3a2n2c es 4.8.3 ThHei gh-FreMqOuSEeFTnM coyd e3l2 2 4.8.4 ThMeO SFEUTn ityF-rGeaqiun(e fnTc3)y2 4 4.8.5 Summar3y2 5 4.F9r equReenscpyoo nfts hCeeS A mplifier 4.9.1 326 ThTeh rFeree quBeanncdy3s 2 6 4.9.2 ThHei gh-FreRqeusepnocn3y2s 8e 4.9.3 ThLeo w-FreRqeusepnocny3s3 2e 4.9.4 AF inRaelm ar3k3 6 4.T1h0Ce M OSD igaiLl otgIincv erter 4..110 336 CircOupietr at3i3o7n 4..120 The VoTlrtaangCsehf aerra ct3e3r9i stic 41.0.3 DynamOipce rat3i4o2n 4.10.4 CurrFelnoatwn Pdo wDeirs sip3a4t5i on 41.0.5 Summar3y46 4.1T 1hDee pletiMoOnS-EFTTy pe 346 4.T1h2Se P ICMOES FEMTo daenlSd i mulEaxtaimopnl e 4.12.1 351 MOSFETM odel3s5 1 41.2.2 MOSFETM odPealr ame3t5e2r s Summary 359 Problems 360 5 BipoJluanrc tTiroann sis(tBoJrTss ) 377 Introduction 377 5.D1ev iScter ucatnPudhr yesl Oi pcearation 51..1 378 SimplSitfriuecadtn Mudor dee sO poefr at3i7o8n 51.2. Operaotftihoen T ransiints hteo rAM cotdiev3 e80 51.3.S trucotfAu crntpenTu raaln si3s8t6o rs 54. 1. ThEeb ers(-EMMoM)lo ld e3l8 7 51.5. Operaitnti hSoean t uratio3n90 Mode 56. 1. The Transi3s9t1o r 5.C2u rr-eVnopntlpC thaagrea scttiecrsi 5.12 . 392 CircSuyimtba onlCdso nvent3i9o2n s 5.2.2 GrpahiRceaplr eseonfTt raatnisoCinhs atroasrct tiec3r9si7 5.2.3 Dependoefin coc nte h Ceo lleVcotlotra ge-The Early Effe3c9t9 5.2.4 ThCeo mmomni-tECthearr ascttie4cr0si1 5.2.5 TrasnisBtroera kd4o0w6n 5.2.6 Summar4y07 53.T hBeJ T aanA sm pfileiarn adsa S witch 53..1 407 Lagre-SiOgpnearla tioTnr-aTnChshefae rra ct4e1r0i stic 5.3.2 AmpliGfaiien4r 1 2 5.3.3 GraphAincaally 4s1i5s 5.3.4 Operaatsai oSnw i4t1c9h 5.B4I CTi rcauDti Ct s 421

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This market-leading textbook continues its standard of excellence and innovation built on the solid pedagogical foundation that instructors expect from Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith. All material in the fifth edition of Microelectronic Circuits is thoroughly updated to reflect changes in techno
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