Copyright Provisions and Restrictions on Copying: This Ontario Ministry of the Environment work is protected by Crown copyright (unless otherwise indicated), which is held by the Queen's Printer for Ontario. It may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes if credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. It may not be reproduced, in all or in part, for any commercial purpose except under a licence from the Queen's Printer for Ontario. For information on reproducing Government of Ontario works, please contact ServiceOntario Publications at ISSN 0840-5166 METRO TORONTO (EASTERLY/F.J. HORGAN) WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM ANNUAL REPORT 1990 SEPTEMBER 1992 0 Cette publication technique n'est disponible qu'en anglais. - Copyright: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1992 This publication may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes with appropriate attribution. PIES 1982 Log 92'2302-275 ,4D10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM METRO TORONTO (EASTERLY/P. 3. RORGMH WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM t990 ANNUAL REPORT The Drinking Water Surveillance Program (DWSP) for Ontario is a monitoring program providing immediate, reliable, current information on drinking water quality. The DWSP officially began in April 1986 and is designed to eventually include all municipal supplies in Ontario. In 1990, 76 systems were being monitored. The Metro Toronto (Easterly/F.J. Horgan) water Supply system is a direct filtration treatment plant which treats water from Lake Ontario. The process consists of coagulation, flocculation, filtration, fluoridation and disinfection. Ammonia is added to the disinfection process to convert the free chlorine into a combined (chloramine) residual and sulphur dioxide is added to remove any excess chlorine. This plant has a rated capacity of 550.000 x 1000 m3/day. The Metro Toronto (Easterly/F.J. Horgan) waterS supply system along with the other Metro treatment facilities serves a population of approximately 2,333,300. Water at the plant and at two locations in the distribution system was sampled for the presence of approximately 180 parameters. Parameters were divided into the following groups: bacteriological, inorganic and physical (laboratory chemistry, field chemistry and metals), and organic (chloroaromatics, chlorophenols, pesticides and PCB, phenolics, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, spepific pesticides and volatiles). Samples were analyzed for specific pesticides and chlorophenols twice a year in the spring and fall, Table A is a summary of all results by group. No known health related guidelines were exceeded. The Metro Toronto (Easterly/F.J. Horgan) water supply system, for the sample year 1990, produced good quality water and this was maintained in the distribution system. TABLE A DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM METRO TORONTO (EASTERLY 165) SLRSIARY TABLE BY SCAN A POSITIVE VALUE DENOTES THAT THE RESULT IS GREATER THAN THE STATISTICAL LIMIT OF DETECTION AND IS QUANTIFIABLE - A INDICATES THAT NO SAMPLE WAS TAKEN SITE RAW TREATED SITE I SITE 2 SCAN TESTS POSITIVE %POSITIVE TESTS POSITIVE %POSITIVE TESTS POSITIVE XPOSITIVE TESTS POSITIVE XPOSITIVE BACTERIOLOGICAL 18 16 88 6 0 0 6 1 16 5 0 0 CHEMISTRY (FLD) 18 18 100 35 34 97 72 63 87 54 45 83 CHEMISTRY (LAB) 132 111 84 132 100 75 228 209 91 171 159 92 METALS 144 59 40 144 46 31 276 116 42 207 88 42 & CItLOROARWIATICS 0 0 84 0 0 84 0 0 70 0 0 CHLOROPHENOLS 12 0 0 12 0 0 PAN 99 0 0 102 0 0 17 0 0 17 0 0 PESTICIDES&PCB 206 0 0 206 0 0 128 0 0 106 0 0 PHENOLICS 6 2 33 6 2 33 SPECIFIC PESTICIDES 70 0 0 70 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 VOLATILES 174 4 2 174 24 13 174 24 13 145 20 13 TOTAL 963 210 971 206 991 413 780 312 DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGflM METRO TORONTO (EABTERLY/P.J. HORGMI) WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 1990 ANNUAL REPORT INTRODUCTION The Drinking Water Surveillance Program (DWSP). for Ontario is a monitoring program providing immediate, reliable, current information on drinking water quality. The DWSP officially began in April 1986 and is designed to eventually include all municipal supplies in Ontario. In 1990, 76 systems were being monitored. Appendix A has a full description of the DWSP. The DWSP was initiated for the Metro Toronto (Easterly) water supply system) in the spring of 1987. Previous annual reports- have been published for 1987, 1988, and 1989. PLANT DESCRIPTION The Metro Toronto (Easterly/F.J. Horgan) water supply system is a direct filtration treatment plant which treats water from Lake Ontario. The process consists of coagulation, flocculation, filtration, fluoridation and disinfection. Ammonia is added to the disinfection process to convert the free chlorine into a combined (chloramine) residual and sulphur dioxide is added to remove any excess chlorine.. This plant has a rated capacity of 550.000 x 1000 m3/day. The Metro Toronto (Easter].y/F.J. Horgan) water supply system along with the other Metro treatment facilities serves a population of approximately 2,333,300. The sample day flows ranged.from 332.79 x 1000 m3/day to 513.0 x 1000 m3/day. General plant information is presented in Table 1 and a schematic of plant processes, chemical addition points and sampling locations in Figure 1. SAMPLING AND ANALYSES Sample lines in the plant were flushed prior to sampling to ensure that the water obtained was. indicative of its origin and not residual water standing in the sample line. At all distribution system locations two types of samples were obtained, a standing and a free flow.. The standing sample consisted of water that had been in the household plumbing and service connection for a minimum of six hours. These samples were used to make an assessment of the change in the levels of inorganic compounds and metals, due to leaching from, or deposition on, the plumbing system. The only analyses carried out on the standing samples therefore, were General Chemistry and Metals. The free flow sample represented fresh water from the distribution main, since the sample tap was flushed for five minutes prior to sampling. Attempts were made to capture the same block of water at each sampling point by taking the retention time into consideration. Retention time was calculated by dividing the volume of water between two sampling points by sample day flow. For example, if it was determined that retention time within the plant was five hours, then there would be a five hour interval between the raw and treated sampling. Similarly, if it was estimated that it took approximately one day for the water to travel from the plant to the distribution system site, this site would be sampled one day after the treated water from the plant. Stringent DWSP sampling protocols were followed to ensure that all samples were taken in a uniform manner (see Appendix B). Plant operating personnel routinely analyze parameters for process control (Table 2). Water at the plant and at one location in the distribution system was sampled .f or the presence of approximately 180 parameters. Parameters were divided into the following groups: bacteriological, inorganic and physical (laboratory chemistry, field chemistry and metals), and organic (chloroaromatics, chlorophenols, pesticides and PCB, phenolics, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, specific pesticides and volatiles). Samples were analyzed for specific pesticides and chlorophenols twice a year in the spring and fall. Laboratory analyses were conducted at the Ministry of the Environment facilities in Rexdale, Ontario. RESULTS Field measurements were recorded on the day of sampling and were entered onto the DWSP database as submitted by plant personnel. Table 3 contains information on delay time between raw and treated water sampling, flow rate, and treatment chemical dosages. Table 4 is a summary break—down of the number of water samples analyzed by parameter and by water type. The number of times that a positive or trace result was detected is also reported. Positive denotes that the result is greater than the statistical limit of detection established by the Ministry of the Environment laboratory staff and is quantifiable. Trace (<T) •denotes that the Page 2 level measured is greater than the lOwest value detectable by. the method but lies so close to the detection limit that it cannot be confidently quantified. Table 5 presents the results for parameters detected on at least one occasion. Table 6 lists all parameters analyzed in the DWSP. Associated guidelines and detection limits are also supplied on Tables 5 and 6. Parameters are listed alphabetically within each scan. DISCUSSION GENERAL Water quality was judged by comparison with the Ontario Drinking Water Objectives publication (ODWO5). When an Ontario Drinking Water Objective (ODWO) was not available, guidelines/limits from other agencies were used.' These guidelines were obtained from the Parameter Listing System database. IN THIS REPORT, DISCUSSION IS LIXITED TO: - THE TREATED AND DISTRIBunu WATER; - ONLY THOSE PiRSSETERS WITH CONCnncATIONS ABOVE GUIDELINE VALUES; AND - POSITIVE OWThSIC PARAMETERS DETECTED. BACTERIOLOGICAL Guidelines for bacteriological sampling and testing of a supply are developed to maintain a proper supervision, of its bacteriological quality. Routine monitoring programs usually require that multiple samples be collected in a given system. Full interpretation of bacteriological quality cannot be made on the basis of single samples. Standard plate count was the only bacteriological analysis conducted on the treated and distributed water. No results were reported above the guideline. INORGANIC PHYSICAL & CHEMISTRY (FIELD) It is desirable that the temperature of drinking water be less than 15°C. The palatability of water is enhanced by its coolness. A temperature below 15°C will tend to reduce the growth of nuisance Page 3 organisms and hence minimize associated taste, colour, odour and corrosion problems. The temperature of the delivered water may increase in the distribution system due to the waning effect of the soil in late summer• and fall and/or as a result of higher temperatures in the source water. Field temperatUre exceeded the ODWO Maximum Desirable Concentration of 15°C in 3 of 17 treated and distributed water samples with a maximum reported value of 18.0°C. CHEMISTRY (LAS) The ODWO5 indicate that a hardness level of between 80 and 100 mg/L as calcium carbonate for domestic waters provides an acceptable balance between corrosion and encrustation. Water supplies with a hardness greater than 200 mg/L are considered poor and would possess a tendency to form scale deposits and result in excessive soap consumption. Hardness exceeded the ODWO Aesthetic or Recommended Operational Guideline of 80—100 mg/L in all treated and distributed water samples with a maximum reported value of 139.0 mg/L. Total ammonium exceeded the European Economic Community Aesthetic Guideline Level of 0.05 mg/L in 17 of 17 treated and distributed water samples with a maximum reported value of 0.150 mg/L. Ammonia was added to the disinfection process to convert free chlorine to a combined residual. It was expected, therefore, to find slightly elevated levels in the treated water. METALS At present, there is no evidence that alumirAim is physiologically harmful and no health limit for drinking water has been specified. The measure of aluminum in treated water is important to indicate the efficiency of the treatment process. The ODWO5 indicate that a useful guideline is to maintain a residual below 100 ug/L as aluminum in the water leaving the plant, to avoid problems in the distribution system. Aluminum exceeded the ODWO Aesthetic or Recommended Operational Guideline of 100 ug/L in 7 of 17 treated and distributed water samples with a maximum reported value of 250.0 ug/L. ORGANIC CHLOROAROMATICS The results of the chioroaromatic scan showed that none were detected. Page 4