isra_14414_ffirs.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page iii S S Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research for Health Barbara A. Israel, Eugenia Eng, Amy J. Schulz, and Edith A. Parker Editors Foreword by David Satcher isra_14414_ffirs.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page ii isra_14414_ffirs.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page i S S Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research for Health isra_14414_ffirs.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page ii isra_14414_ffirs.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page iii S S Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research for Health Barbara A. Israel, Eugenia Eng, Amy J. Schulz, and Edith A. Parker Editors Foreword by David Satcher isra_14414_ffirs.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page iv Copyright 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 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Jossey-Bass books and products are available through most bookstores. To contact Jossey-Bass directly call our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-956-7739, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3986, or fax 317-572-4002. Jossey-Bass also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Portions of Chapter Eight have appeared in Zenk, S. N., Schulz, A. J., Israel, B. A., House, J. S., Benjamin, A., & Kannan, S. (2005). Use of community-based participatory research to assess environmental determinants of health: Challenges, facilitators, and implications for universities. Metropolitan Universities Journal, 16(1), 107–125. Included with the permission of the publisher. Reprinted with permission from Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), University College. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Methods in community-based participatory research for health/Barbara A. Israel . . . [et al.]; foreword by David Satcher.—1st ed. p.; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13 978-0-7879-7562-3 ISBN-10 0-7879-7562-1 (alk. paper) 1. Public health—Research—Citizen participation—Case studies. 2. Public health—Research—Methodology—Case studies. 3. Community health services—Case studies. [DNLM: 1. Public Health—methods—Case Reports. 2. Research—methods—Case Reports. 3. Consumer Participation—methods—Case Reports. 4. Cultural Diversity—Case Reports. WA 20.5 M592 2005]. I. Israel, Barbara A. RA440.85.M475 2005 362.1'072—dc22 2005012788 Printed in the United States of America FIRST EDITION HB Printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 isra_14414_ftoc.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page v S S CONTENTS Figures and Tables xi Foreword xiii David Satcher Acknowledgments xvii The Editors xxi The Contributors xxv PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO METHODS IN COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH FOR HEALTH 1 1 Introduction to Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research for Health 3 Barbara A. Israel, Eugenia Eng, Amy J. Schulz, and Edith A. Parker PART TWO: PARTNERSHIP FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE 27 2 Developing and Maintaining Partnerships with Communities 31 Nina Wallerstein, Bonnie Duran, Meredith Minkler, and Kevin Foley v isra_14414_ftoc.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page vi vi CONTENTS 3 Strategies and Techniques for Effective Group Process in CBPR Partnerships 52 Adam B. Becker, Barbara A. Israel, and Alex J. Allen III PART THREE: COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 73 4 Insiders and Outsiders Assess Who Is “The Community”: Participant Observation, Key Informant Interview, Focus Group Interview, and Community Forum 77 Eugenia Eng, Karen Strazza Moore, Scott D. Rhodes, Derek M. Griffith, Leo L. Allison, Kate Shirah, and Elvira M. Mebane PART FOUR: DEFINITION OF THE ISSUE 101 5 CBPR Approach to Survey Design and Implementation: The Healthy Environments Partnership Survey 107 Amy J. Schulz, Shannon N. Zenk, Srimathi Kannan, Barbara A. Israel, Mary A. Koch, and Carmen A. Stokes 6 Using a CBPR Approach to Develop an Interviewer Training Manual with Members of the Apsáalooke Nation 128 Suzanne Christopher, Linda Burhansstipanov, and Alma Knows His Gun-McCormick 7 The Application of Focus Group Methodologies to Community-Based Participatory Research 146 Edith C. Kieffer, Yamir Salabarría-Peña, Angela M. Odoms-Young, Sharla K. Willis, Kelly E. Baber, and J. Ricardo Guzman 8 Application of CBPR in the Design of an Observational Tool: The Neighborhood Observational Checklist 167 Shannon N. Zenk, Amy J. Schulz, James S. House, Alison Benjamin, and Srimathi Kannan 9 Mapping Social and Environmental Influences on Health: A Community Perspective 188 Guadalupe X. Ayala, Siobhan C. Maty, Altha J. Cravey, and Lucille H. Webb 10 Community-Based Participatory Research and Ethnography: The Perfect Union 210 Chris McQuiston, Emilio A. Parrado, Julio César Olmos-Muñiz, and Alejandro M. Bustillo Martinez isra_14414_ftoc.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page vii CONTENTS vii 11 What’s with the Wheezing? Methods Used by the Seattle-King County Healthy Homes Project to Assess Exposure to Indoor Asthma Triggers 230 James Krieger, Carol A. Allen, John W. Roberts, Lisa Carol Ross, and Tim K. Takaro PART FIVE: DOCUMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF PARTNERSHIPS 251 12 Documentation and Evaluation of CBPR Partnerships: In-Depth Interviews and Closed-Ended Questionnaires 255 Barbara A. Israel, Paula M. Lantz, Robert J. McGranaghan, Diana L. Kerr, and J. Ricardo Guzman PART SIX: FEEDBACK, INTERPRETATION, DISSEMINATION, AND APPLICATION OF RESULTS 279 13 Developing and Implementing Guidelines for Dissemination: The Experience of the Community Action Against Asthma Project 285 Edith A. Parker, Thomas G. Robins, Barbara A. Israel, Wilma Brakefield-Caldwell, Katherine K. Edgren, and Donele J. Wilkins 14 Creating Understanding and Action Through Group Dialogue 307 Elizabeth A. Baker and Freda L. Motton 15 Photovoice as a Community-Based Participatory Research Method: A Case Study with African American Breast Cancer Survivors in Rural Eastern North Carolina 326 Ellen D. S. López, Eugenia Eng, Naomi Robinson, and Caroline C. Wang 16 Policy Analysis and Advocacy: An Approach to Community-Based Participatory Research 349 Nicholas Freudenberg, Marc A. Rogers, Cassandra Ritas, and Sister Mary Nerney 17 Citizens, Science, and Data Judo: Leveraging Secondary Data Analysis to Build a Community-Academic Collaborative for Environmental Justice in Southern California 371 Rachel Morello-Frosch, Manuel Pastor Jr., James L. Sadd, Carlos Porras, and Michele Prichard APPENDIXES 393 A Instructions for Conducting a Force Field Analysis 395 Adam B. Becker, Barbara A. Israel, and Alex J. Allen III isra_14414_ftoc.qxd 5/26/05 9:50 AM Page viii viii CONTENTS B Community Member Key Informant Interview Guide 397 Eugenia Eng, Karen Strazza Moore, Scott D. Rhodes, Derek M. Griffith, Leo L. Allison, Kate Shirah, and Elvira M. Mebane C Selected New and Revised Items Included in the HEP Survey After Input from the Steering Committee or Survey Subcommittee (SC), Focus Group Themes (FG), or Pilot Testing (PT) of Existing Items 400 Amy J. Schulz, Shannon N. Zenk, Srimathi Kannan, Barbara A. Israel, Mary A. Koch, and Carmen A. Stokes D Selected HEP Measures by Survey Categories, with Sources and Scale Items 402 Amy J. Schulz, Shannon N. Zenk, Srimathi Kannan, Barbara A. Israel, Mary A. Koch, and Carmen A. Stokes E Healthy Environments Partnership: Neighborhood Observational Checklist 408 Shannon N. Zenk, Amy J. Schulz, James S. House, Alison Benjamin, and Srimathi Kannan F Field Notes Guide 423 Chris McQuiston, Emilio A. Parrado, Julio César Olmos, and Alejandro M. Bustillo Martinez G Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center: In-Depth, Semistructured Interview Protocol for Board Evaluation, 1996–2002 425 Barbara A. Israel, Paula M. Lantz, Robert J. McGranaghan, Diana L. Kerr, and J. Ricardo Guzman H Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center: Closed-Ended Survey Questionnaire for Board Evaluation, 1997–2002 430 Barbara A. Israel, Paula M. Lantz, Robert J. McGranaghan, Diana L. Kerr, and J. Ricardo Guzman I Philosophy and Guiding Principles for Dissemination of Findings of the Michigan Center for the Environment and Children’s Health (MCECH) Including Authorship of Publications and Presentations, Policies and Procedures, Access to Data, and Related Matters 434 Edith A. Parker, Thomas G. Robins, Barbara A. Israel, Wilma Brakefield-Caldwell, Katherine K. Edgren, and Donele J. Wilkins J Community Action Against Asthma: Fact Sheet on “Particulate Matter” 438 Edith A. Parker, Thomas G. Robins, Barbara A. Israel, Wilma Brakefield-Caldwell, Katherine K. Edgren, and Donele J. Wilkins