R.E. Mansel O. Fodstad W.G. Jiang Editors Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment 11 Metastasis of Breast Cancer (cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:0)(cid:4) Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cancer Metastasis – Biology and Treatment VOLUME 11 SeriesEditors RichardJ.Ablin,Ph.D.,UniversityofArizona,CollegeofMedicineandTheArizonaCancer Center,AZ,U.S.A. WenG.Jiang,M.D.,WalesCollegeofMedicine,CardiffUniversity,Cardiff,U.K. AdvisoryEditorialBoard HaroldF.Dvorak,M.D. PhilGold,M.D.,Ph.D. DannyWelchPh.D. HiroshiKobayashi,M.D.,Ph.D. RobertE.Mansel,M.S.,FRCS. KlausPantelPh.D. RecentVolumesinthisSeries Volume4:ProteasesandTheirInhibitorsinCancerMetastasis Editors:Jean-MichelFoidartandRuthJ.Muschel ISBN1-4020-0923-2 Volume5:Micrometastasis Editor:KlausPantel ISBN1-4020-1155-5 Volume6:BoneMetastasisandMolecularMechanisms Editors:GurmitSinghandWilliamOrr ISBN1-4020-1984-X Volume7:DNAMethylation,EpigeneticsandMetastasis Editor:ManelEsteller ISBN1-4020-3641-8 Volume8:CellMotilityinCancerInvasionandMetastasis Editor:AlanWells ISBN1-4020-4008-3 Volume9:CellAdhesionandCytoskeletalMoleculesinMetastasis Editors:AnneE.CressandRaymondB.Nagle ISBN1-4020-5128-X Volume10:MetastasisofProstateCancer Editors:RichardJ.AblinandMalcolmD.Mason ISBN1-4020-5846-2 Volume11:MetastasisofBreastCancer Editors:Robe rt E.Ma nsel,Oy steinFod stad and Wen G.Jiang ISBN1-4020-5866-7 Metastasis of Breast Cancer Edited by Robert E. Mansel Cardiff University School of Medicine Oystein Fodstad UniversityofSouth Alabama and W en G.Jiang CardiffUniversitySchool ofMedicine AC.I.P.CataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. ISBN978-1-4020-5866-0(HB) ISBN978-1-4020-5867-7(e-book) PublishedbySpringer, P.O.Box17,3300AADordrecht,TheNetherlands. www.springer.com Printedonacid-freepaper AllRightsReserved ©2007Springer Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recording orotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withtheexception ofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingentered andexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Contributors …………………………………..……… ix Chapter 1 …………………………………………… 1 Metastasis of breast cancer: an introduction Robert E. Mansel, Oystein Fodstad, and Wen G. Jiang Chapter 2 …………………………………………… 7 The genetic control of breast cancer metastasis Rajeev S. Samant, Oystein Fodstad, and Lalita A. Shevde Chapter 3 …………………………………………… 31 BRCA1 in initiation, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer: a perspective from the tumor microenvironment Shaun D. McCullough, Yanfen Hu, and Rong Li Chapter 4 …………………………………………… 47 Cell motility and breast cancer metastasis Marc E. Bracke, Daan De Maeseneer, Veerle Van Marck, Lara Derycke, Barbara Vanhoecke, Olivier De Wever, and Herman T. Depypere Chapter 5 …………………………………………… 77 Tight junctions and metastasis of breast cancer Tracey A. Martin Chapter 6 …………………………………………… 111 Cell adhesion molecules in breast cancer invasion and metastasis Lalita A. Shevde and Judy A. King vi Table of contents Chapter 7 …………………………………………… 137 Endocrine resistance and breast cancer invasion Stephen Hiscox, Julia Gee, and Robert I. Nicholson Chapter 8 …………………………………………… 151 The role of aromatase and other oestrogen producing enzymes in mammary carcinogenesis Mohamed Salhab and Kefah Mokbel Chapter 9 …………………………………………… 171 The role of the HGF regulatory factors in breast cancer Christian Parr and Wen G. Jiang Chapter 10 …………………………………………… 203 The insulin-like growth factor-1 ligand in breast cancer management Yoon M. Chong, Ash Subramanian, and Kefah Mokbel Chapter 11 …………………………………………… 219 Lymphangiogenesis and metastatic spread of breast cancer Mahir A. Al-Rawi and Wen G Jiang Chapter 12 …………………………………………… 241 Breast cancer secreted factors alter the bone microenvironment Valerie A. Siclari, Theresa A. Guise, and John M. Chirgwin Chapter 13 …………………………………………… 259 Cyclooxygenease-2 and breast cancer Gurpreet Singh-Ranger and Kefah Mokbel Chapter14 …………………………………………… 279 Prognostic and predictive factors in human breast cancer Soe Maunglay, Douglas C. Marchion, and Pamela N. Münster Table of contents vii Chapter 15 …………………………………………… 307 Molecular imaging in metastatic breast cancer C.P. Schröder, G.A.P. Hospers, P.H.B. Willemse, P.J. Perik, E.F.J. de Vries, P.L. Jager, W.T.A. van der Graaf, M.N. Lub-de Hooge, and E.G.E. de Vries Chapter 16 …………………………………………… 321 Detection of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow and blood of breast cancer patients Volkmar Müller and Klaus Pantel Chapter 17 …………………………………………… 333 Sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer Amit Goyal and Robert E. Mansel Chapter 18 …………………………………………… 355 Surgical management of patients with metastatic breast cancer Adam I. Riker, SuHu Liu, Mona Hagmaier, Matthew J. D. D’lessio, and Charles E. Cox Chapter 19 …………………………………………… 373 Therapeutic aspect of metastatic breast cancer: chemotherapy Robert C.F. Leonard and Thinn P. Pwint Chapter 20 …………………………………………… 389 The diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases in breast cancer Allan Lipton Chapter 21 …………………………………………… 405 Hormonal therapies of metastatic breast cancer: the past and the present Jürgen Geisler and Per Eystein Lønning Index …………………………………………… 425 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Al-Rawi, Mahir A., MB, BCh, PhD, Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK Bracke, Marc, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Experimental Cancer Research, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Chirgwin, John M., PhD, Professor of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia PO Box 801401, Charlottesville VA 22908-1401, USA Chong, Yoon M., Department of Breast & Endocrine Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, SW17 0QT, UK Cox, Charles E., M.D., University of South Florida, Moffitt Cancer Center, 13902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA D’Alessio, Matthew J., MD, University of South Alabama-Mitchell Cancer Institute, 301 North University Blvd., MSB 2015, Mobile, AL 36688, USA De Maeseneer, Daan, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department o f Experimental Cancer Research, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium ix x List of contributors de Vries, E.F.J., Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands de Vries, Elisabeth G.E., MD, PhD, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. De Wever, Olivier, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Depart- ment of Experimental Cancer Research, Radiotherapy, and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Depypere, Herman T., Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Derycke, Lara, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Depart- ment of Experimental Cancer Research, Radiotherapy, and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Fodstad, Oystein, PhD, Director of Research, Professor of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Michell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 307 N. University Blvd., MSB 2015, Mobile, AL 36688, USA Gee, Julia, Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Phar- macy, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, UK Geisler, Jürgen, Consultant, Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway Goyal, Amit, MB, MD, Lecturer, University Department of Surgery, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK Guise, Theresa A., Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia PO Box 801401, Charlottesville VA 22908-1401, USA